Aboveground-Belowground Linkages Biotic

Aboveground-Belowground Linkagesprovides the most up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in our understanding of the roles that interactions between aboveground and belowground communities play in regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and their responses to global change. It charts the historical development of this field of ecology and evaluates what can be learned from the recent proliferation of studies on the ecological and biogeochemical significance of aboveground-belowground linkages. The book is structured around four key topics: biotic interactions in the soil; plant community effects; the role of aboveground consumers; and the influence of species gains and losses. A concluding chapter draws together this information and identifies a number of cross-cutting themes, including consideration of aboveground-belowground feedbacks that occur at different spatial and temporal scales, the consequences of these feedbacks for ecosystem processes, and how aboveground-belowground interactions link to human-induced global change.

Richard D. Bardgett is Editor of Journal of Ecology and is recognised as an ISI Highly Cited Researcher. He was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 2006. He serves on the Editorial Boards of Ecology Letters and Ecosystems and is a member of Rothamsted's Board of Directors.

David A. Wardle received the NZ Association of Scientists Medal in 1999, the NZ Ecological Society Research Award in 2001, and has been a Fellow of the Royal Society of NZ since 2003 and an ISI Highly Cited Researcher since 2006. He also serves or has served on a range of Editorial Boards including Science, Ecology and Ecology Letters.

Preface	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Controls on terrestrial ecosystem processes: an historical perspective	p. 3
Species and biotic interactions as ecosystem drivers	p. 5
Aboveground-belowground interactions as drivers of ecosystem processes	p. 8
Aboveground-belowground interactions and global change	p. 10
Emerging issues and trends	p. 12
Biotic interactions in soil as drivers of ecosystem properties	p. 15
Introduction	p. 15
Influence of decomposers on aboveground communities and ecosystem processes	p. 17
Free-living soil microbes, nutrient availability, and plant growth	p. 17
Trophic interactions in soil, nutrient availability, and plant growth	p. 23
Functional consequences of trophic cascades in the soil food web	p. 26
Bacterial-based and fungal-based energy channels and nutrient cycling	p. 28
Influence of root-associated organisms on plant communities and ecosystem processes	p. 32
Microbial symbionts and plant community dynamics	p. 32
Belowground pathogens, herbivores, and plant community dynamics	p. 38
Soil ecosystem engineers and plant community dynamics	p. 40
Soil biotic interactions, carbon dynamics, and global change	p. 45
Soil biotic interactions and ecosystem carbon exchange	p. 46
Contribution of soil biotic interactions to climate change via carbon-cycle feedbacks	p. 52
Multiple global change drivers and soil biotic interactions	p. 57
Conclusions	p. 59
Plant community influences on the soil community and plant-soil feedbacks	p. 62
Introduction	p. 62
How plants affect the belowground subsystem	p. 63
Differential effects of different plant species	p. 63
Effects of within-species variation	p. 68
Spatial and temporal variability	p. 70
Multiple species effects	p. 72
Overriding effects of plant traits	p. 75
Contrasting plant species and trait axes	p. 75
Trait dominance, trait dissimilarity, and multiple species effects	p. 81
Ecosystem stoichiometery	p. 84
Plant-soil feedbacks	p. 85
Succession and disturbance	p. 90
The build-up phase of succession	p. 91
Ecosystem retrogression	p. 93
Succession and plant-soil feedbacks	p. 97
Indirect belowground effects of global change via vegetation	p. 99
Indirect belowground effects of climate change	p. 99
Indirect belowground effects of nitrogen deposition	p. 107
Conclusions	p. 110
Ecosystem-level significance of aboveground consumers	p. 113
Introduction	p. 113
Herbivore-mediated effects on plant-soil feedbacks and ecosystem processes	p. 114
Positive effects of herbivores on belowground properties and ecosystem functioning	p. 116
Negative effects of herbivores on belowground properties and ecosystem functioning	p. 123
Landscape-scale herbivore effects and multiple stable states	p. 130
The role of plant traits in regulating herbivore impacts	p. 134
Aboveground trophic cascades and consequences for belowground properties	p. 137
Spatial movement of resources by consumer organisms	p. 141
Resource transfers across land	p. 142
Resource transfers from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems	p. 147
Aboveground consumers, carbon dynamics, and global change	p. 152
Conclusions	p. 161
Aboveground and belowground consequences of species losses and gains	p. 165
Introduction	p. 165
Species losses through extinction and aboveground-belowground linkages	p. 166
The diversity-function issue from an aboveground-belowground perspective	p. 166
Removal experiments for studying effects of species losses	p. 172
Effects of species losses in real ecosystems	p. 180
Species gains through invasion and aboveground-belowground linkages	p. 183
Invasions by plants	p. 183
Belowground invaders	p. 190
Invasions by aboveground consumers	p. 195
Consequences of global change through causing species gains and losses	p. 201
Conclusions	p. 208
Underlying themes and ways forward	p. 211
Introduction	p. 211
Biotic interactions, feedbacks, and ecosystem processes	p. 212
Linkages and feedbacks between the aboveground and belowground subsystems	p. 212
Organism traits as ecological drivers	p. 214
Drivers of spatial and temporal variability	p. 217
Drivers of variation over time	p. 217
Drivers of variation over space	p. 219
Differences across ecosystems	p. 221
Global-scale contrasts	p. 222
Global change phenomena	p. 224
References	p. 227
Index	p. 289
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Aboveground-Belowground Linkages Biotic Interactions, Ecosystem Processes, and Global Change

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Table of Contents

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