Adsorption Phenomena And Anchoring Energy in Nematic Liquid Crystals

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ISBN: 9780849335846 | 0849335841
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/28/2005

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Despite the large quantity of phenomenological information concerning the bulk properties of nematic phase liquid crystals, little is understood about the origin of the surface energy, particularly the surface, interfacial, and anchoring properties of liquid crystals that affect the performance of liquid crystal devices. Adsorption Phenomena and Anchoring Energy in Nematic Liquid Crystals provides a unique, self-contained account of new and established results spanning three decades of research into the problems of anchoring energy and adsorption phenomena in liquid crystals. This is an excellent source of reference for anyone working with liquid crystals or complex fluids.

Nematic Liquid Crystals: Fundamentals and Bulk Properties

(28)

Nematic order parameters

(2)

Maier-Saupe model for the nematic-isotropic phase transition

(4)

Extension of the Maier-Saupe theory: Influence of the dimerization process on the nematic ordering

(7)

Continuum description of the nematic phase

(3)

External field contribution to the bulk elastic energy density

(3)

Flexoelectric and dielectric contributions

(2)

Magnetic interaction

(1)

Equilibrium configuration in strong and weak anchoring situations

(9)

Example 1: Hybrid aligned nematic cell (HAN)

(2)

Example 2: Freedericksz transition-strong anchoring

(1)

References

(4)

Nematic Liquid Crystals: Surface Properties

(32)

Anchoring

(1)

The anchoring energy function

(8)

Example 1: Freedericksz transition--weak anchoring

(3)

Example 2: Freedericksz transition--nonhomogeneous anchoring energy

(3)

Sources for the surface free energy

(23)

Stochastic contribution to the anchoring energy

(7)

Validity of the elastic model for nematic surface anchoring energy

(5)

Contribution of the smectic-nematic interface to the surface energy

(3)

References

(6)

Bulk and Surface Elastic Effects of Long Range Quadrupolar Interactions

(22)

Introduction

(1)

Quadrupolar interaction

(4)

Quadrupolar energy density in the bulk: direct calculation

(4)

Quadrupolar energy density in the bulk: electrostatics approach

(5)

Non-local analysis

(2)

Interfacial contributions to the surface free energy

(6)

References

(3)

Temperature Dependence of the Surface Free Energy

(44)

A model for the thermal renormalization of the anchoring energy

(16)

Symmetry considerations

(2)

Mean field approach

(7)

Comparison with Akulov-Zener law

(2)

Averaging with continuous Hamiltonian

(4)

Temperature dependence of the surface tension near the nematicisotropic transition

(6)

Surface director gliding in lyotropic liquid crystals

105

(22)

Surface molecular energy model

108

(3)

Master equation and Fokker-Planck approximation

111

(3)

Analytical and numerical results

114

(2)

Temperature behavior and comparison with the experimental data

116

(4)

References

120

(7)

Surface Adsorption of Particles: General Characteristics

127

(28)

Introduction

127

(1)

Adsorption at interfaces

128

(19)

Thickness dependence of the coverage

132

(5)

Adsorption phenomena for two adsorbates

137

(1)

Statistical approach to the problem: Adsorption energy

138

(2)

Adsorption of magnetic grains in magnetic fluids

140

(4)

Adsorption energy as a non-local quantity

144

(3)

Surface adsorption and anchoring transition

147

(8)

References

152

(3)

Selective Ionic Adsorption in Nematic Liquid Crystals

155

(34)

Exponential approximation for the electric field of ionic origin

155

(11)

Introduction

155

(2)

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation: Exponential approximation for the electric field

157

(2)

Thickness dependence of anchoring energy: Langmuir approximation

159

(7)

Analysis of the influence of the surface electric field on the nematic orientation

166

(23)

Basic equations of the problem

167

(2)

First approximation

169

(3)

Half-space approximation

172

(4)

Finite sample limited by two identical surfaces

176

(5)

Influence of the dielectric anisotropy on the instability

181

(1)

Spontaneous Freedericksz transition

182

(3)

References

185

(4)

Exponential Approximation for the Electric Field of Ionic Origin

189

(26)

Non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation

190

(8)

Limits of weak and strong adsorption

194

(2)

Charge distribution and thickness of the surface layer

196

(2)

External electric field effect on the nematic anchoring energy

198

(9)

Poisson-Boltzmann theory for a liquid submitted to an external field

198

(2)

Limiting cases of small and large bias voltage

200

(7)

Contribution to the surface energy of dielectric origin

207

(8)

References

212

(3)

Adsorption Phenomenon and External Field Effects: General Approach

215

(34)

Motivation

216

(1)

The model

217

(5)

Low-voltage region

220

(1)

High-voltage region

221

(1)

The charge and field distributions

222

(6)

Ionic adsorption in the absence of external field: Equilibrium distribution of charges

228

(6)

Limits of small and large thickness

230

(1)

Arbitrary thickness

231

(3)

Extensions of the model

234

(1)

Effect of the adsorption energy on the anchoring energy of dielectric origin

234

(5)

Case I: A+ = A ≠ 0, A_ → ∞, Σ = 0

235

(1)

Case II: A+ = A ≠ 0, A_ → ∞, Σ ≠ 0

235

(4)

Contribution of the ion adsorption phenomenon to the effective anchoring energy

239

(3)

Destabilizing effect of a surface electric field generated by ion adsorption on the molecular orientation of nematic liquid crystals

242

(7)

References

246

(3)

A Fermi-Like Description of the Adsorption Phenomenon

249

(18)

The Fermi-like model

249

(5)

Application: Ion adsorption in isotropic fluids

254

(13)

Limits

258

(4)

Numerical results

262

(3)

References

265

(2)

Dynamical Approach for the Adsorption Phenomena

267

(48)

Fundamental equations

267

(5)

Continuity equation

267

(1)

Diffusion equation

268

(1)

No adsorption from the surfaces

269

(2)

Adsorption from the surfaces

271

(1)

Time evolution of the bulk and surface densities

272

(5)

Drift current

277

(2)

Drift in the presence of a constant field in the absence of adsorption

279

(1)

Relaxation time

279

(3)

Time evolution of the density of ions

282

(1)

Drift-diffusion phenomenon in nematic liquid crystals

283

(8)

Drift in the presence of a non-homogeneous field in the absence of adsorption

286

(4)

Validity of the phenomenological model

290

(1)

Molecular reorientation dynamics in a nematic cell

291

(24)

Basic equations for the electrical variables

292

(5)

Numerical solution of the electrical equations

297

(8)

Deformations induced by the external field

305

(6)

References

311

(4)

Impedance Spectroscopy of a Cell: The Role of the Ions

315

(32)

Introduction

315

(2)

The physical system and basic hypotheses

317

(2)

Simple case in which the ions have the same mobility

319

(12)

Effect of different anionic and cationic mobilities on the impedance spectroscopy

331

(8)

Influence of the ion adsorption phenomenon on the impedance spectroscopy measurements

339

(8)

References

347

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Adsorption Phenomena And Anchoring Energy in Nematic Liquid Crystals

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