Advanced PHP Programming

& bull; PHP has exploded in popularity, and is now starting to make inroads into large-scale business-critical Web systems & lt;br/ & gt; & bull; So far, little has been written about how to scale PHP applications to the enterprise level & lt;br/ & gt; & bull; Schlossnagle fills this void, providing the definitive guide to developing PHP applications for performance, stability, and extensibility

George Schlossnagle is a principal at OmniTI Computer Consulting, a Maryland-based tech company that specializes in high-volume Web and email systems. Before joining OmniTI, he led technical operations at several high-profile community Web sites, where he developed experience managing PHP in very large enterprise environments. He is a frequent contributor to the PHP community and his work can be found in the PHP core, as well as in the PEAR and PECL extension repositories.

Before entering the information technology field, George trained to be a mathematician and served a two-year stint as a teacher in the Peace Corps. His experience has taught him to value an interdisciplinary approach to problem solving that favors root-cause analysis of problems over simply addressing symptoms.

Introduction
Implementation And Development Methodologies
Coding Styles
Choosing a Style That Is Right for You
Naming Symbols
Avoiding Confusing Code
Documentation
Further Reading
Object-Oriented Programming through Design Patterns
Introduction to OO Programming
A Brief Introduction to Design Patterns
Overloading
Further Reading
Error Handling
Handling Errors
Handling External Errors
Exceptions
When to Use Exceptions
Further Reading
Implementing with PHP: Templates and the Web
Smarty
Writing Your Own Template Solution
Further Reading
Implementing with PHP: Standalone Scripts
Introduction to the PHP Command-Line Interface (CLI)
Handling Input/Output (I/O)
Parsing Command-Line Arguments
Creating and Managing Child Processes
Writing Daemons
Combining What You've Learned: Monitoring
Services Further Reading
Unit Testing
An Introduction to Unit Testing
Writing Inline and Out-of-Line Unit Tests
Additional Features in PHPUnit
Test-Driven Design
Unit Testing in a Web Environment
Further Reading
Managing the Development Environment
Change Control
Managing Packaging
Further Reading
Designing a Good API
Design for Refactoring and Extensibility
Defensive Coding
Further Reading
Caching
External Performance Tunings
Language-Level Tunings
Cache-Friendly PHP Applications
Content Compression
Further Reading
Data Component Caching
Caching Issues
Recognizing Cacheable Data Components
Choosing the Right Strategy: Hand-Made or Prefab Classes
Output Buffering
In-Memory Caching
DBM-Based Caching
Shared Memory Caching
Cookie-Based Caching
Integrating Caching into Application Code
Further Reading
Computational Reuse
Introduction by Example: Fibonacci Sequences
Caching Reused Data Inside a Request
Caching Reused Data Between Requests
Computational Reuse Inside PHP
Further Reading
Distributed Applications
Interacting with Databases
Understanding How Databases and Queries Work
Database Access Patterns
Tuning Database Access
Further Reading
User Authentication and Session Security
Simple Authentication Schemes
Registering Users
Maintaining Authentication: Ensuring That You Are Still Talking to the Same Person
Single Signon
Further Reading
Session Handling
Client-Side Sessions
Server-Side Sessions
Building a Distributed Environment
What Is a Cluster? Clustering Design Essentials
Caching in a Distributed Environment
Scaling Databases
Further Reading
RPC: Interacting with Remote Services
XML-RPC
SOAP
SOAP and XML-RPC Compared
Further Reading
Performance
Application Benchmarks: Testing an Entire Application
Passive Identification of Bottlenecks
Load Generators
Further Reading
Profiling
What Is Needed in a PHP Profiler
A Smorgasbord of Profilers
Installing and Using APD
A Tracing Example
Profiling a Larger Application
Spotting General Inefficiencies
Removing Superfluous Functionality
Further Reading
Synthetic Benchmarks: Evaluating Code Blocks and Functions
Benchmarking Basics
Building a Benchmarking Harness
Benchmarking Examples
Extensibility
PHP and Zend Engine Internals
How the Zend Engine Works: Opcodes and Op Arrays
Variables
Functions
Classes
The PHP Request Life Cycle
Further Reading
Extending PHP: Part I
Extension Basics
An Example: The Spread C
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Advanced PHP Programming

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials