Advances in Marine Biology Vol. 33 : The

This special volume of Advances in Marine Biology covers in detail the biology of calanoid copepods. Copepods are probably the most numerous multicellular organisms on earth. They are aquatic animals that live in both marine and fresh water, and are of prime importance in marine ecosystems as they form a direct link between phytoplankton and fish. This volume is essential for all marine biologists. Advances in Marine Biology contains up-to-date reviews of all areas of marine science, including fisheries science and macro/micro fauna. Each volume contains peer-reviewed papers detailing the ecology of marine regions.

PREFACE

x

1. Introduction

5

(11)

1.1. The Scientific Literature

5

(3)

1.2. Environmental Sampling

8

(2)

1.3. Preservation of Samples

10

(1)

1.4. Methods of Study

11

(5)

2. External Morphology, Internal Anatomy

16

(33)

2.1. External Morphology of Adults

16

(6)

2.2. External Morphology of Young

22

(6)

2.3. Integument

28

(8)

2.4. Asymmetry

36

(1)

2.5. Abnormalities and Morphological Variation

36

(1)

2.6. Internal Anatomy

37

(12)

3. Taxonomy and Identification

49

(49)

3.1. Phylogeny of Calanoid Copepods

49

(8)

3.2. Identification of Genera and Species

57

(8)

3.3. Key to Genera of Platycopioid and Calanoid Copepods

65

(33)

4. World List of Platycopioid and Calanoid Copepods

98

(42)

4.1. Order Platycopioida Fosshagen, 1985

98

(1)

4.2. Order Calanoida Sars, 1902

99

(41)

5. Gut, Food and Feeding

140

(36)

5.1. Feeding Appendages

140

(3)

5.2. Food Capture

143

(6)

5.3. Food and Foraging in the Environment

149

(11)

5.4. Foraging Tactics

160

(6)

5.5. Feeding of Young Stages

166

(1)

5.6. Feeding Periodicity

167

(5)

5.7. Concluding Remarks

172

(4)

6. Physiology

176

(45)

6.1. Rates of Feeding and Ingestion

176

(33)

6.2. Respiration and Excretion

209

(2)

6.3. Metabolism

211

(4)

6.4. Osmotic Regulation, Salinity and Temperature

215

(1)

6.5. Responses to Environmental Variables

216

(2)

6.6. Concluding Remarks

218

(3)

7. Chemical Composition

221

(32)

7.1. Body Weight and Volume

221

(15)

7.2. Elements

236

(9)

7.3. Organic Components

245

(4)

7.4. Other Organic Components

249

(1)

7.5. Energy Content

250

(1)

7.6. Vitamins

250

(1)

7.7. Carotenoids

251

(1)

7.8. Enzymes

252

(1)

8. Reproduction

253

(44)

8.1. Seasonality in Breeding

253

(3)

8.2. Mating Behaviour

256

(10)

8.3. Spawning

266

(23)

8.4. Food Availability and Egg Production

289

(3)

8.5. Mortality of Eggs

292

(1)

8.6. Hatching of Eggs

293

(1)

8.7. Concluding Remarks

294

(3)

9. Growth

297

(52)

9.1. Laboratory Culture of Copepods

297

(1)

9.2. Development Time of Eggs

298

(16)

9.3. Growth

314

(24)

9.4. Growth Rates

338

(1)

9.5. Longevity

339

(5)

9.6. Concluding Remarks

344

(5)

10. Population Biology

349

(52)

10.1. Sampling

349

(3)

10.2. Demographic Analysis

352

(29)

10.3. Life History Patterns (Strategies)

381

(11)

10.4. Population Maintenance

392

(6)

10.5. Biomass of Populations

398

(3)

11. Behaviour

401

(56)

11.1. Swimming Activity

401

(22)

11.2. Spatial Distribution

423

(11)

11.3. Bioluminescence

434

(5)

11.4. Vertical Migration

439

(13)

11.5. Rhythms

452

(1)

11.6. Concluding Remarks

453

(4)

12. Distributional Ecology

457

(48)

12.1. Biomass of the Copepod Fauna

457

(3)

12.2. Associations of Copepods

460

(10)

12.3. Copepods of Pelagic Environments

470

(17)

12.4. Restricted Environments

487

(18)

13. Geographical Distribution

505

(14)

13.1. Introductions of Calanoids

505

(4)

13.2. Faunal Provinces and Large Marine Ecosystems

509

(7)

13.3. Identification of Species

516

(1)

13.4. Concluding Remarks

516

(3)

14. Copepods in Ecosystems

519

(142)

14.1. Ecosystems

519

(6)

14.2. Fate of Faecal Pellets

525

(1)

14.3. Perturbations within Ecosystems

526

(1)

14.4. The Biology of Copepods

527

(4)

References

531

(130)

Taxonomic Index

661

(32)

Subject Index

693

(10)

Cumulative Index of Titles

703

(6)

Cumulative Index of Authors

709

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Advances in Marine Biology Vol. 33 : The Biology of Calanoid Copepods

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials