Advances in Parasitology

Advances in Parasitology includes medical studies on parasites of major influence, such as Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosomes. The series also contains reviews of more traditional areas, such as zoology, taxonomy, and life history, which shape current thinking and applications. Eclectic volumes are supplemented by thematic volumes on various topics including??Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems in Epidemiology??? and??The Evolution of Parasitism?? a phylogenetic persepective???. With an impact factor of 3.9 the series ranks second in the ISI Parasitology subject category.

Contributors to Volume 52

v

Preface

vii

The Ecology of Fish Parasites with Particular Reference to Helminth Parasites and their Salmonid Fish Hosts in Welsh Rivers: A Review of Some of the Central Questions

J.D. Thomas

Abstract

2

(2)

Introduction

4

(2)

Ecological Background

6

(13)

Dispersion Patterns of Helminth Parasites

19

(3)

Spatiotemporal Aspects of the Parasitic Fauna

22

(23)

The Relationships between Parasite Abundance and the Age and Size of the Fish Hosts

45

(14)

Relationships between Parasite Abundance and the Wellbeing of the Fish Hosts

59

(15)

Sex Bias in Parasitism and Causative Mechanisms

74

(18)

The Helminth Fauna of Trout and Salmon Parr: Comparative Aspects

92

(4)

Changes in the Helminth Fauna and their Hosts between 1950 and 1998: Causative Mechanisms and Pollution Bioindicators

96

(22)

Interactions between Species of Helminth Parasites in Fish

118

(38)

Acknowledgements

134

(1)

References

134

(22)

Biology of the Schistosome Genus Trichobilharzia

P. Horak

L. Kolarova

C. M. Adema

Abstract

156

(1)

Introduction

156

(1)

Life Cycles and Hosts

157

(3)

Systematics of the Genus Trichobilharzia

160

(18)

Development in Intermediate Hosts

178

(9)

Development in Vertebrate Hosts

187

(9)

Vertebrate Immune Response and Pathology

196

(12)

Epidemiology of Cercarial Dermatitis

208

(7)

Conclusion

215

(21)

Acknowledgements

216

(1)

References

216

(19)

The Consequences of Reducing Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa

R. W. Snow

K. Marsh

Abstract

235

(1)

Introduction

236

(2)

The Age Patterns of Severe Malaria Morbidity: Developing Functional Immunity

238

(2)

The Effects of Age on the Risk of Disease Outcomes

240

(1)

Rates of Paediatric Malaria Morbidity across the Varied Transmission Settings of Africa

241

(2)

The Risks of Mortality during Childhood with Increasing Intensity of Malaria Transmission

243

(2)

Limitations of the x-Axis

245

(4)

Re-examining the Mortality and Transmission Intensity Evidence

249

(1)

Reconciling the Role of Direct and Indirect Effects of P. falciparum on Child Survival with the Saturation of All-Cause Mortality with Increasing Transmission

250

(1)

Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets in Africa

251

(4)

Who Will Benefit Most from Reductions in Parasite Exposure?

255

(1)

Conclusions

256

(10)

Acknowledgements

257

(1)

References

258

(8)

Cytokine-Mediated Host Responses during Schistosome Infections; Walking the Fine Line between Immunological Control and Immunopathology

K. F. Hoffmann

T. A. Wynn

D. W. Dunne

Abstract

266

(1)

Introduction

266

(2)

Schistosomiasis

268

(4)

Induction, Regulation and Consequences of Host-Mediated Type-2 Immune Responses during Infection with Schistosoma mansoni

272

(11)

Distinct Forms of Schistosome-Mediated Immunopathology can be Induced during Infection

283

(13)

Conclusions

296

(13)

Acknowledgements

296

(1)

References

296

(13)

Index

309

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Advances in Parasitology

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Table of Contents

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