The Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature

The aesthetics of nature has over the last few decades become an intense focus of philosophical reflection, as it has been ever more widely recognized that it is not a mere appendage to the aesthetics of art. Everyone delights in the beauty of flowers, and some are thrilled by the immensity of mountains or of the night sky. But what is involved in serious aesthetic appreciation of the natural world? Malcolm Budd presents four interlinked studies in the aesthetics of nature, approaching the subject from a variety of angles. As well as developing Budd's own original ideas, the book provides a comprehensive treatment of Kant's classic aesthetics of nature, and an encyclopedic critical survey of recent literature on the subject.

Essay 1. The Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature as Nature

1

(23)

1.1 The Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature as Nature

1

(1)

1.2. The Idea of Nature

2

(5)

1.3. Non-Pristine Nature

7

(2)

1.4. Responding to Nature as Nature

9

(3)

1.5. The Character of an Aesthetic Response

12

(3)

1.6. An Aesthetic Response to Nature as Nature

15

(4)

1.7. Knowledge of Nature

19

(5)

Essay 2. Kant's Aesthetics of Nature

24

(66)

I. Kant on Natural Beauty

24

(24)

2.1. Introduction

24

(1)

2.2. Kant's Notion of an Aesthetic Judgement

25

(1)

2.3. Kant's Classification of (Non-Compound) Aesthetic Judgements

26

(3)

2.4. The Distinctive Pleasure of the Beautiful

29

(5)

2.5. The Judgement of Qualitative Perfection

34

(2)

2.6. The Judgement of Dependent (Adherent) Beauty

36

(3)

2.7. Unacknowledged Aesthetic Judgements about Natural Things

39

(4)

2.8. An Ideal of Beauty

43

(3)

2.9. Interested and Disinterested Pleasures

46

(2)

II. Kant on Natural Beauty and Morality

48

(18)

2.10. A Pure Judgement of Taste Does Not, of Itself, Generate an Interest

48

(3)

2.11. An Immediate Interest in Natural Beauty

51

(4)

2.12. Morality and an Immediate Interest in Natural Beauty

55

(6)

A Note on Schiller

61

(5)

III. Kant on the Sublime in Nature

66

(24)

2.13. Introduction

66

(2)

2.14. Kant's Classification of Pure Aesthetic Judgements of the Sublime

68

(1)

2.15. The Mathematically Sublime

69

(9)

2.16. The Dynamically Sublime

78

(3)

2.17. The Double-Aspect Emotion of the Sublime

81

(5)

2.18. The Purity of Aesthetic Judgements of Sublimity

86

(4)

Essay 3. Nature, Art, Aesthetic Properties, and Aesthetic Value

90

(20)

3.1. Introduction

90

(2)

3.2. The Beauty of Art and the Beauty of Nature

92

(3)

3.3. Appreciating Nature as What Nature Actually Is

95

(2)

3.4. Positive Aesthetics with Respect to Nature

97

(9)

3.5. Freedom and Relativity in the Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature

106

(4)

Essay 4. The Aesthetics of Nature: A Survey

110

(39)

4.1. Introduction

110

(2)

4.2. An Aesthetics of Engagement

4.3. Environmental Formalism

112

(3)

4.4. Nature's Expressive Qualities

115

(4)

4.5. The Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature as Nature

119

(2)

4.6. Categories of Nature and Objectivity

121

(4)

4.7. Positive Aesthetics

125

(2)

4.8. Freedom, Relativity, Objectivity, and Positive Aesthetics

127

(2)

4.9. Models of Nature Appreciation

129

(17)

4.10. A Chimerical Quest

146

(3)

References

149

(4)

Index

153

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The Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature

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