- ISBN: 9780470057087 | 0470057084
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 6/29/2009
With Aircraft Fuel Systems, the editors have provided a unique offering that integrates all aspects of fuel products and systems including fuel handling, quantity gauging and management functions for both commercial (civil) and military applications.
Roy Langton has recently retired from his position as Vice-President, Engineering & Integrity at Parker Aerospace, where he was responsible for internal seminars & training into feedback control.
| Acknowledgements | p. xiii |
| List of Acronyms | p. xv |
| Series Preface | p. xix |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Review of Fuel Systems Issues | p. 2 |
| Basic Fuel System Characteristics and Functions | p. 2 |
| Fuel Quantity Measurement | p. 6 |
| Fuel Properties and Environmental Issues | p. 8 |
| The Fuel System Design and Development Process | p. 11 |
| Program Management | p. 12 |
| Design and Development Support Tools | p. 13 |
| Functional Maturity | p. 14 |
| Testing and Certification | p. 14 |
| Fuel System Examples and Future Technologies | p. 15 |
| Terminology | p. 15 |
| Fuel System Design Drivers | p. 19 |
| Design Drivers | p. 21 |
| Intended Aircraft Mission | p. 21 |
| Dispatch Reliability Goals | p. 21 |
| Fuel Tank Boundaries and Tank Location Issues | p. 22 |
| Measurement and Management System Functional Requirements | p. 26 |
| Electrical Power Management Architecture and Capacity | p. 26 |
| Identification and Mitigation of Safety Risks | p. 27 |
| Fuel System Risks | p. 28 |
| Fuel Storage | p. 31 |
| Tank Geometry and Location Issues for Commercial Aircraft | p. 32 |
| Operational Considerations | p. 36 |
| CG Shift due to Fuel Storage | p. 36 |
| Unusable Fuel | p. 39 |
| Fuel Tank Venting | p. 41 |
| Vent System Sizing | p. 45 |
| Military Aircraft Fuel Storage Issues | p. 45 |
| Drop Tanks and Conformal Tanks | p. 48 |
| Closed Vent Systems | p. 48 |
| Maintenance Considerations | p. 49 |
| Access | p. 49 |
| Contamination | p. 50 |
| Fuel System Functions of Commercial Aircraft | p. 53 |
| Refueling and Defueling | p. 54 |
| Pressure Refueling | p. 54 |
| Defueling | p. 58 |
| Engine and APU Feed | p. 59 |
| Feed Tank and Engine Location Effects | p. 59 |
| Feed Pumping Systems | p. 60 |
| Feed Tank Scavenging | p. 65 |
| Negative g Considerations | p. 65 |
| Crossfeed | p. 66 |
| Integrated Feed System Solution | p. 67 |
| Feed System Design Practices | p. 69 |
| Fuel Transfer | p. 70 |
| Fuel Burn Scheduling | p. 70 |
| Wing Load Alleviation | p. 72 |
| Fuel Transfer System Design Requirements | p. 72 |
| Fuel Jettison | p. 73 |
| Jettison System Example | p. 74 |
| Fuel Quantity Gauging | p. 76 |
| Architectural Considerations | p. 78 |
| Fuel Load Planning | p. 82 |
| Leak Detection | p. 83 |
| Fuel Management and Control | p. 84 |
| Refuel Distribution | p. 86 |
| In-flight Fuel Management | p. 88 |
| Fuel Management System Architecture Considerations | p. 91 |
| Flight Deck Displays, Warnings and Advisories | p. 91 |
| Ancillary Systems | p. 93 |
| Fuel System Functions of Military Aircraft and Helicopters | p. 97 |
| Refueling and Defueling | p. 98 |
| Pressure Refueling | p. 98 |
| Defueling | p. 102 |
| Engine and APU Feed | p. 103 |
| Fuel Transfer | p. 104 |
| Aerial Refueling | p. 106 |
| Design and Operational Issues Associated with Aerial Refueling | p. 108 |
| Flying Boom System | p. 109 |
| Probe and Drogue Systems | p. 111 |
| Fuel Measurement and Management Systems in Military Applications | p. 112 |
| KC-135 Aerial Refueling Tanker Fuel Measurement and Management System | p. 112 |
| Helicopter Fuel Systems | p. 116 |
| Fluid Mechanical Equipment | p. 119 |
| Ground Refueling and Defueling Equipment | p. 120 |
| Refueling and Defueling Adaptors | p. 120 |
| Refuel Shut-off Valves | p. 121 |
| Fuel Transfer Valves | p. 131 |
| Fuel Tank Venting and Pressurization Equipment | p. 133 |
| Aerial Refueling Equipment | p. 137 |
| The Flying Boom System Equipment | p. 137 |
| The Probe and Drogue System Equipment | p. 139 |
| Equipment Sizing | p. 142 |
| Valve Configuration and Pressure Drop Estimation | p. 142 |
| Fuel Pumps | p. 143 |
| Ejector Pumps | p. 143 |
| Motor-driven pumps | p. 145 |
| Fuel Measurement and Management Equipment | p. 157 |
| Fuel Gauging Sensor Technology | p. 158 |
| Capacitance Gauging | p. 158 |
| Ultrasonic Gauging | p. 177 |
| Density Sensor Technology | p. 186 |
| Level Sensing | p. 191 |
| Secondary Gauging | p. 193 |
| Harnesses | p. 195 |
| In-Tank Harnesses | p. 195 |
| Out-Tank Harnesses | p. 197 |
| Avionics Equipment | p. 197 |
| Requirements | p. 197 |
| Data Concentration | p. 198 |
| Avionics Integration | p. 198 |
| Integration of Fuel Management | p. 199 |
| Fuel Quantity Display | p. 200 |
| Fuel Properties | p. 203 |
| The Refinement Process | p. 203 |
| Fuel Specification Properties of Interest | p. 205 |
| Distillation Process Limits | p. 205 |
| Flashpoint | p. 205 |
| Vapor Pressure | p. 206 |
| Viscosity | p. 207 |
| Freeze Point | p. 208 |
| Density | p. 208 |
| Thermal Stability | p. 209 |
| Operational Considerations | p. 209 |
| Fuel Temperature Considerations-Feed and Transfer | p. 209 |
| Fuel Property Issues Associated with Quantity Gauging | p. 210 |
| Intrinsic Safety, Electro Magnetics and Electrostatics | p. 215 |
| Intrinsic Safety | p. 216 |
| Threats from Energy Storage within the Signal Conditioning Avionics | p. 217 |
| Lightning | p. 217 |
| Threats from Induced Transients in Electronic Equipment | p. 218 |
| Protecting the Signal Conditioning Avionics from Lightning | p. 221 |
| EMI/HIRF | p. 221 |
| Threats from HIRE Energy Transfer | p. 221 |
| Protecting the Signal Conditioning Avionics from HIRF | p. 222 |
| Electrostatics | p. 222 |
| Fuel Tank Inerting | p. 225 |
| Early Military Inerting Systems | p. 225 |
| Current Technology Inerting Systems | p. 229 |
| Military Aircraft Inerting Systems | p. 229 |
| Commercial Aircraft Inerting Systems | p. 231 |
| Design Considerations for Open Vent Systems | p. 235 |
| Operational Issues with Permeable Membrane Inerting Systems | p. 236 |
| Fiber In-service Performance | p. 236 |
| Separator Performance Measurement | p. 237 |
| NEA Distribution | p. 237 |
| Design Development and Certification | p. 239 |
| Evolution of the Design and Development Process | p. 239 |
| System Design and Development - a Disciplined Methodology | p. 243 |
| The 'V' Diagram | p. 245 |
| Software Development | p. 246 |
| Program Management | p. 248 |
| Supplier Team Organization | p. 249 |
| Risk Management | p. 250 |
| Management Activities | p. 252 |
| Maturity Management | p. 254 |
| Installation Considerations | p. 256 |
| Modeling and Simulation | p. 259 |
| Certification | p. 263 |
| Certification of Commercial Aircraft Fuel Systems | p. 263 |
| Flight Test Considerations | p. 264 |
| Certification of Military Aircraft Fuel Systems | p. 266 |
| Fuel System Icing Tests | p. 268 |
| Icing Test Rigs | p. 269 |
| Fuel Conditioning | p. 269 |
| Fuel System Design Examples | p. 271 |
| The Bombardier Global ExpressTM | p. 272 |
| Fuel Storage | p. 273 |
| Fluid Mechanical System Design | p. 275 |
| Fuel Measurement and Management | p. 277 |
| Flight Deck Equipment | p. 278 |
| Operational Considerations | p. 278 |
| Embraer 170/190 Regional Jet | p. 280 |
| Fuel Storage and Venting | p. 280 |
| The Refuel and Defuel System | p. 282 |
| In-flight Operation | p. 283 |
| System Architecture | p. 284 |
| Fuel Quantity Gauging | p. 286 |
| In-service Maturity | p. 287 |
| The Boeing 777 Wide-Bodied Airliner | p. 288 |
| Fuel Storage | p. 289 |
| Fluid-Mechanical System | p. 292 |
| Fuel Measurement and Management | p. 296 |
| The Airbus A380 Wide-Bodied Airliner | p. 301 |
| Fuel Storage | p. 302 |
| Fluid-Mechanical System | p. 303 |
| Fuel Measurement and Management System (FMMS) | p. 309 |
| The Anglo-French Concorde | p. 315 |
| Fuel System Operational and Thermal Design Issues | p. 316 |
| Refuel System | p. 317 |
| Fuel Transfer and Jettison | p. 317 |
| Fuel Feed | p. 321 |
| Vent System | p. 324 |
| New and Future Technologies | p. 327 |
| Fuel Measurement and Management | p. 327 |
| Fuel Measurement | p. 327 |
| Fuel Management | p. 329 |
| Fluid Mechanical Equipment Technology | p. 331 |
| Fuel Valve Technology | p. 331 |
| Revolutionary Fuel Pump and Valve Technology | p. 333 |
| Aerial Refueling Operations | p. 338 |
| References | p. 339 |
| Index | p. 341 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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