An Aleutian Ethnography

Lucien Turner was a pioneering nineteenth-century ethnographer whose study of Aleut communities surpassed the work of all of his contemporaries, and now his rare writings are collected here for the first time. Turner's admittedly fragmentary ethnographic notes, which chronicle his complete immersion in three Aleut communities, reveal valuable insights into Aleutian cultures and the outsiders who lived among them in the nineteenth century. Carefully edited by Ray Hudson,An Aleutian Ethnographyis an essential resource for scholars of American history and history of anthropology alike.

Lucien Turner was a pioneering nineteenth-century ethnographer.

Ray Hudson lived in the Aleutian Islands from 1964 to 1992, and there his heart remains even though he now lives in Middlebury, Vermont, with his wife Shelly. In Vermont, Hudson continues to write on topics related to the islands. Raised in Yakima, Washington, and a graduate of the University of Washington, Hudson studied woodblock printing with Lu Fang at the Zhejiang Fine Arts Academy, Hangzhou. He is the recipient of the National Education Association’s Leo Reano Award for his work with First Americans. In 1990, he received the Governor’s Award for the Arts from the Alaska State Council on the Arts.

List of Illustrations	p. vii
Acknowledgments	p. xi
A Note on the Term Aleut	p. xiii
Introduction: Late-Nineteenth-Century Aleutian Ethnography	p. 1
A Note on the Text	p. 47
General Description of the Aleutian Islands	p. 51
The Near Islands	p. 55
Settlements in 1878	p. 57
Houses	p. 61
Stone Lamps	p. 62
Boats	p. 65
Clothing	p. 69
Gut Sewing	p. 70
Footwear	p. 72
Preparation of Bird Skins	p. 73
Weaving	p. 77
Fire Making	p. 83
Hunting-General Considerations	p. 87
Hunting Implements	p. 89
Mammals	p. 103
Whales	p. 103
Tools Related to Whaling	p. 105
Sea Cows	p. 106
Birds	p. 109
Bolas	p. 110
Notes on Specific Birds	p. 112
Fish, Sea Urchins, and Cephalopods	p. 133
Fishing Implements	p. 133
Notes on Specific Fish	p. 133
Sea Urchins	p. 152
Cephalopods	p. 154
Plants	p. 157
Trees	p. 157
Plants and Berries	p. 160
Origins: Evidence from Language and Folklore	p. 169
Governance	p. 177
Internecine Wars and Slavery	p. 179
Social Relationships	p. 185
The Yearly Cycle	p. 189
Seasons	p. 189
Months	p. 190
Assorted Beliefs and Traditions	p. 193
Miscellaneous Remarks	p. 197
Three Charts of the Near Islands	p. 201
Gut Bags-A Preliminary Survey	p. 211
Notes	p. 219
Bibliography	p. 229
Index	p. 235
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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An Aleutian Ethnography

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