Analysis of Transport Phenomena

Analysis of Transport Phenomena, Second Edition, provides a unified treatment of momentum, heat, and mass transfer, emphasizing the concepts and analytical techniques that apply to these transport processes. The second edition has been revised to reinforce the progression from simple to complex topics and to better introduce the applied mathematics that is needed both to understand classical results and to model novel systems. A common set of formulation, simplification, and solution methods is applied first to heat or mass transfer in stationary media and then to fluid mechanics, convective heat or mass transfer, and systems involving various kinds of coupled fluxes. FEATURES: * Explains classical methods and results, preparing students for engineering practice and more advanced study or research * Covers everything from heat and mass transfer in stationary media to fluid mechanics, free convection, and turbulence * Improved organization, including the establishment of a more integrative approach * Emphasizes concepts and analytical techniques that apply to all transport processes * Mathematical techniques are introduced more gradually to provide students with a better foundation for more complicated topics discussed in later chapters NEW TO THIS EDITION: * Expanded coverage of several topics, including: order-of-magnitude estimation and scaling analysis in model simplification; solution methods for differential equations; simultaneous heat and mass transfer; and electrokinetic phenomena * 30% more problems and worked examples,ranging from traditional chemical engineering topics in reaction engineering, separations, and heat transfer to applications in bioengineering, chemical kinetics, combustion, electrochemistry, materials processing, and membrane science * New Chapter 15, "Transport in Electrolyte Solutions,"provides expanded coverage of ion transport in liquids * New Appendix B, "Ordinary Differential Equations and Special Functions,"provides a concise review that makes the mathematics more self-contained * New Instructor's Resource CD-ROM,available to adopters of the second edition, includes all of the figures and all of the solutions to the end-of-chapter exercises from the text

William M. Deen is the Carbon P. Dubbs Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he has been a member of the faculty since 1976. His research interests center on transport processes in biological systems. He is the author or coauthor of approximately two hundred publications.

Preface	p. xiii
List of Symbols	p. xix
Diffusive Fluxes and Material Properties	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Basic Constitutive Equations	p. 2
Diffusivities for Energy, Species, and Momentum	p. 7
Magnitudes of Transport Coefficients	p. 8
Molecular Interpretation of Transport Coefficients	p. 13
Limitations on Length and Time Scales	p. 19
References	p. 22
Problems	p. 23
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer	p. 26
Introduction	p. 26
General Forms of Conservation Equations	p. 27
Conservation of Mass	p. 34
Conservation of Energy: Thermal Effects	p. 36
Heat Transfer at Interfaces	p. 38
Conservation of Chemical Species	p. 41
Mass Transfer at Interfaces	p. 43
Molecular View of Species Conservation	p. 44
References	p. 48
Problems	p. 48
Formulation and Approximation	p. 53
Introduction	p. 53
One-Dimensional Examples	p. 54
Order-of-Magnitude Estimation and Scaling	p. 69
"Dimensionality" in Modeling	p. 77
Time Scales in Modeling	p. 87
References	p. 97
Problems	p. 98
Solution Methods Based on Scaling Concepts	p. 113
Introduction	p. 113
Similarity Method	p. 114
Regular Perturbation Analysis	p. 120
Singular Perturbation Analysis	p. 127
References	p. 141
Problems	p. 141
Solution Methods for Linear Problems	p. 151
Introduction	p. 151
Properties of Linear Boundary-Value Problems	p. 152
Finite Fourier Transform Method	p. 157
Basis Functions	p. 162
Fourier Series	p. 170
FFT Solutions for Rectangular Geometries	p. 174
FFT Solutions for Cylindrical Geometries	p. 184
FFT Solutions for Spherical Geometries	p. 190
Point-Source Solutions	p. 200
More on Self-Adjoint Eigenvalue Problems and FFT Solutions	p. 204
References	p. 209
Problems	p. 210
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics	p. 220
Introduction	p. 220
Conservation of Momentum	p. 220
Total Stress, Pressure, and Viscous Stress	p. 226
Fluid Kinematics	p. 230
Constitutive Equations for Viscous Stress	p. 236
Fluid Mechanics at Interfaces	p. 243
Force Calculations	p. 250
Stream Function	p. 255
Dimensionless Groups and Flow Regimes	p. 261
References	p. 265
Problems	p. 265
Unidirectional and Nearly Unidirectional Flow	p. 270
Introduction	p. 270
Steady Flow with a Pressure Gradient	p. 271
Steady Flow with a Moving Surface	p. 277
Time-Dependent Flow	p. 279
Limitations of Exact Solutions	p. 282
Nearly Unidirectional Flow	p. 288
References	p. 300
Problems	p. 300
Creeping Flow	p. 315
Introduction	p. 315
General Features of Low Reynolds Number Flow	p. 315
Unidirectional and Nearly Unidirectional Solutions	p. 319
Stream-Function Solutions	p. 324
Point-Force Solutions	p. 331
Particles and Suspensions	p. 334
Corrections to Stokes' Law	p. 343
References	p. 350
Problems	p. 351
Laminar Flow at High Reynolds Number	p. 361
Introduction	p. 361
General Features of High Reynolds Number Flow	p. 362
Irrotational Flow	p. 371
Boundary Layers at Solid Surfaces	p. 378
Internal Boundary Layers	p. 387
References	p. 393
Problems	p. 394
Forced-Convection Heat and Mass Transfer in Confined Laminar Flows	p. 401
Introduction	p. 401
Péclet Number	p. 402
Nusselt and Sherwood Numbers	p. 406
Entrance Region	p. 411
Fully Developed Region	p. 415
Conservation of Energy: Mechanical Effects	p. 423
Taylor Dispersion	p. 427
References	p. 433
Problems	p. 434
Forced-Convection Heat and Mass Transfer in Unconfined Laminar Flows	p. 440
Introduction	p. 440
Heat and Mass Transfer in Creeping Flow	p. 441
Heat and Mass Transfer in Laminar Boundary Layers	p. 446
Scaling Laws for Nusselt and Sherwood Numbers	p. 451
References	p. 457
Problems	p. 458
Transport in Buoyancy-Driven Flow	p. 463
Introduction	p. 463
Buoyancy and the Boussinesq Approximation	p. 464
Confined Flows	p. 466
Dimensional Analysis and Boundary-Layer Equations	p. 474
Unconfined Flows	p. 478
References	p. 485
Problems	p. 486
Transport in Turbulent Flow	p. 491
Introduction	p. 491
Basic Features of Turbulence	p. 491
Time-Smoothed Equations	p. 499
Eddy Diffusivity Models	p. 505
Other Approaches for Turbulent-Flow Calculations	p. 518
References	p. 524
Problems	p. 525
Simultaneous Energy and Mass Transfer and Multicomponent Systems	p. 529
Introduction	p. 529
Conservation of Energy: Multicomponent Systems	p. 530
Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer	p. 532
Introduction to Coupled Fluxes	p. 545
Stefan-Maxwell Equations	p. 550
Generalized Diffusion in Dilute Mixtures	p. 553
Generalized Stefan-Maxwell Equations	p. 557
References	p. 563
Problems	p. 564
Transport in Electrolyte Solutions	p. 573
Introduction	p. 573
Formulation of Macroscopic Problems	p. 574
Macroscopic Examples	p. 580
Equilibrium Double Layers	p. 585
Electrokinetic Phenomena	p. 592
References	p. 601
Problems	p. 602
Vectors and Tensors	p. 609
Introduction	p. 609
Representation of Vectors and Tensors	p. 609
Vector and Tensor Products	p. 612
Vector-Differential Operators	p. 617
Integral Transformations	p. 620
Position Vectors	p. 623
Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates	p. 625
Surface Geometry	p. 634
References	p. 638
Ordinary Differential Equations and Special Functions	p. 639
Introduction	p. 639
First-Order Equations	p. 640
Equations with Constant Coefficients	p. 641
Bessel and Spherical Bessel Equations	p. 642
Other Equations with Variable Coefficients	p. 647
References	p. 650
Index	p. 651
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Analysis of Transport Phenomena

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