Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems

Addressing one of the fastest growing sectors in the pharma and biotech market, Antibody Mediated Drug Delivery Systems: Concepts, Technology, and Applications guides readers through the opportunities, challenges, and solutions of using antibody-mediated delivery systems for generating novel therapeutics. Covering the various aspects of antibody mediated drug delivery systems, this timely resource features contributions from a team of international authors to provides industry and academic scientists, researchers, and practitioners with the recent developments from around the globe, including applications in cancer, pulmonary, ocular diseases, brain drug delivery, and vaccine delivery.

Yashwant Pathak, PhD, is the Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs at the College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida. Dr. Pathak studied pharmaceutical technology at Nagpur University, India, and conflict management at Sullivan University, Kentucky. With extensive experience in academia as well as industry, he has more than 100 publications, abstracts, and reviews, two patents, five books on nanotechnology, and two books on nutraceuticals to his credit. His areas of research include drug delivery systems and their characterization in animal models.

Simon Benita, PhD, is Head of the School of Pharmacy, Director of the Institute for Drug Research, and Professor of the Faculty of Medicine at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He holds twenty-two patents and has written 143 journal papers and seventeen book chapters. Dr. Benita has also edited three other books.

Contributors	p. xv
Preface	p. xix
Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems: General Review And Applications	p. 1
Historical Perspective	p. 1
Antibodies	p. 2
Antibody Mediation	p. 3
Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems	p. 4
Applications	p. 6
Recent Trends	p. 9
Future Trends	p. 10
Immunoliposomes For Cardiovascular Targeting	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
Immunoliposome Targeting to Pathological Regions of the Vessel Wall	p. 14
Liposome Internalization by Endothelial Cells	p. 15
Targeting of Atherosclerotic Lesions for Tomographic Imaging	p. 17
Antibody-Mediated Liposomes for Diagnosis of Thrombosis	p. 17
Thrombolytic Therapy with Immunoliposomes	p. 18
Targeted Sealing of Cell Membrane Lesions: Preservation of Cell Viability	p. 19
Accumulation of Liposomes and Immunoliposomes in the Ischemic Heart	p. 21
Immunoliposomes as a Drug and Gene Delivery Vehicle to the Infarcted Heart	p. 26
Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems For Breast Cancer Therapeutics	p. 35
Introduction	p. 35
Breast Cancer	p. 35
Drug Delivery Systems	p. 36
Monoclonal Antibodies	p. 37
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2	p. 40
Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery System	p. 43
Targets for the Treatment of Breast Cancer	p. 45
Breast Cancer Therapies	p. 46
The Future of Breast Cancer Therapeutics	p. 49
Other Treatment Strategies	p. 50
Nanotechnology	p. 51
Conclusions	p. 52
Development Of Immunonconjugates For In Vivo Delivery: Cancer Diagnosis, Imaging, And Therapy	p. 57
Introduction	p. 57
Immunoconjugates	p. 61
Immunoconjugates in Cancer Therapy	p. 62
Immunoconjugates for Imaging	p. 69
Immunoconjugates in Diagnostic Applications	p. 71
Immunoconjugates’ Promising Future and Challenges	p. 72
Summary	p. 73
Mathematical Models Of Anti-Tnf Therapies And Their Correlation With Tuberculosis	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
Tuberculosis, TNF, and Anti-TNF Drugs	p. 84
Theoretical Models To Study TB Infection	p. 88
Present and Future Work	p. 96
Targeted Nanoparticles In Radiotherapy	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
Nanoparticles	p. 106
Radiotherapy	p. 110
Nanoparticles in Radiotherapy	p. 111
Current and Future Developments with Nanotechnology in Radiotherapy	p. 123
Conclusions	p. 124
Electrically-Enhanced Delivery Of Drugs And Conjugates For Cancer Treatment	p. 129
Introduction	p. 129
Electroporation Mechanisms to Permeabilize the Drugs and DNAs in Cells	p. 130
Electroporation-Aided Drug Delivery for Preclinical Studies	p. 133
EP applications for Human Patient Studies	p. 136
Future Perspectives	p. 138
Summary	p. 139
Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibody Variants And Glycosylation	p. 145
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Heterogeneity by HPLC Analysis	p. 145
Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody Glycosylation	p. 150
Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery System For Lymphatic Targeting Treatment	p. 169
Introduction	p. 169
Lymphatic Disorders and Their Normal Treatment	p. 170
Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Lymphatic Targeting Treatment	p. 172
Conclusions and Future Perspectives	p. 183
Methods For Nanoparticle Conjugation To Monoclonal Antibodies	p. 191
Introduction	p. 191
Current Nanoparticle Systems used for Conjugation with mAbs	p. 191
Conjugation Methods	p. 192
Conclusions	p. 202
Single-Use Systems In Animal Cell–Based Bioproduction	p. 209
Introduction	p. 209
Component Offerings	p. 214
Characteristics of Single-Use Systems and Their Applications	p. 218
Immunoliposomes For Specific Drug Delivery	p. 229
Introduction: Advances in Liposome Formulation	p. 229
Design of Immunoliposomes for Site-Specific Drug Delivery	p. 230
Cellular-Specific Targeting of Immunoliposomes	p. 242
Cellular-Specific Internalization of Immunoliposomes	p. 246
Immunoliposomes in Diagnosis and Therapy	p. 247
Clinical Use of Immunoliposomes	p. 251
Conclusions and Perspectives	p. 252
Gene Therapy Targeting Kidney Diseases: Routes And Vehicles	p. 267
Introduction	p. 267
Rationale for Successful Gene Targeting	p. 268
Site-Specific Gene Delivery	p. 268
Nuclear Import of Gene Material	p. 270
Targeting the Glomerulus	p. 270
Targeting the Tubule	p. 272
Targeting the Interstitium	p. 274
Targeting Muscle	p. 274
Conclusions	p. 275
Detection Of Antibodies To Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Polymers Using Double-Antigen-Bridging Immunogenicity Elisa	p. 279
Introduction	p. 279
Methods	p. 280
Results	p. 283
Discussion	p. 286
Antibodies In Nanomedicine And Microimaging Methods	p. 291
Introduction: Antibody Molecules and Nanoparticles	p. 291
Antibody-Based Nanoparticles in Microimaging	p. 292
Troponin T: Newer Magnetic Immunoassay Method	p. 317
Gold Nanoparticles as an Antigen Carrier and Adjuvant	p. 330
Immunochemical Biosensors, Nanomedicine, and Disease	p. 339
Future Directions and Conclusions	p. 341
Methods For Polymeric Nanoparticle Conjugation To Monoclonal Antibodies	p. 351
Introduction	p. 351
Conjugation of mAb and Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles	p. 353
Conjugation of mAb to Poly(Lactide-CO-Glycolide) Nanoparticles	p. 357
Conjugation of mAb to Poly(Lactic Acid) and its Derivatives	p. 359
Conjugation of mAb to Other Polymeric Nanoparticles	p. 360
Summary	p. 361
Plant-Derived Antibodies For Academic, Industrial, And Therapeutic Applications	p. 365
Historical Perspective	p. 365
Plant-Based Production of Recombinant Proteins	p. 366
Expression in an Entire Plant Versus a Plant Organ	p. 367
ER Targeting and Secretion of Recombinant Proteins	p. 368
Expression in Seeds	p. 370
Transient Expression	p. 371
Glycosylation	p. 373
Recent Examples of Plant-Derived Antibodies Effective in Mammalian Systems	p. 375
Conclusions	p. 376
Monoclonal Antibodies As Biopharmaceuticals	p. 383
Historical Perspective	p. 383
Introduction	p. 384
Structure and Types of mAbs	p. 385
Mechanism of Action	p. 385
FDA-approved mAb Biopharmaceuticals in Current Use	p. 386
Future of Monoclonal Antibodies as Biopharmaceuticals	p. 389
Pulmonary Targeting Of Nanoparticles And Monoclonal Antibodies	p. 391
Introduction	p. 391
Attributes of mAbs as Therapeutics for Pulmonary Diseases	p. 392
Antibody-Conjugated Nanoparticles for Lung Targeting	p. 393
Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Asthma	p. 394
Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of COPD	p. 398
Challenges in Pulmonary Disease	p. 400
Conclusions	p. 402
Antibody-Mediated Arthritis And New Therapeutic Avenues	p. 407
Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis	p. 407
Role of Cartilage Antigen-Specific Antibodies in Inducing Arthritis	p. 408
Arthritis Mediation Through Antibodies Recognizing Citrullinated Antigens	p. 413
Regulation at the Effector Level	p. 414
Cartilage Damage Independent of Inflammatory Mediators	p. 414
pathogenicity of GPI-Specific Antibodies	p. 415
Therapeutic Cleavage of Arthritogenic Antibodies	p. 415
Arthritis Attenuation Though Removal of Specific Sugars on IgG	p. 417
Immunonanoparticles For Nuclear Imaging And Radiotherapy	p. 427
Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals	p. 427
Radiolabeled Antibodies	p. 432
Radiolabeled Nanoparticles	p. 437
Future Perspectives and Conclusions	p. 449
Monoclonal Antibodies In The Treatment Of Asthma	p. 457
Introduction	p. 457
IgE	p. 458
TNF¿	p. 460
IL-5	p. 462
IL-9	p. 464
IL-4 and IL-13	p. 465
Targeting the T-cell	p. 467
Conclusions	p. 468
References	p. 469
Index	p. 473
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Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems Concepts, Technology, and Applications

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