Anticorruption in History From Antiquity to the Modern Era

Anticorruption in History is a timely and urgent volume: corruption is widely seen today as a major problem we face as a global society, undermining trust in government and financial institutions, economic efficiency, the principle of equality before the law and human wellbeing in general. Corruption, in short, is a major hurdle on the "path to Denmark" a feted blueprint for stable and successful statebuilding. The resonance of this view explains why efforts to promote anticorruption policies have proliferated in recent years. But while the subject of corruption and anticorruption has captured the attention of politicians, scholars, NGOs and the global media, scant attention has been paid to the link between corruption and the change of anticorruption policies over time and place, with the attendant diversity in how to define, identify and address corruption.

Economists, political scientists and policy-makers in particular have been generally content with tracing the differences between low-corruption and high-corruption countries in the present and enshrining them in all manner of rankings and indices. The long-term trends—social, political, economic, cultural—potentially undergirding the position of various countries plays a very small role. Such a historical approach could help explain major moments of change in the past as well as reasons for the success and failure of specific anticorruption policies and their relation to a country's image (of itself or as construed from outside) as being more or less corrupt. It is precisely this scholarly lacuna that the present volume intends to begin to fill.

The volume addresses a wide range of historical contexts: Ancient Greece and Rome, Medieval Eurasia, Italy, France, Great Britain and Portugal as well as studies on anticorruption in the Early Modern and Modern era in Romania, the Ottoman Empire, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and the former German Democratic Republic.

Ronald Kroeze, Assistant Professor, University of Amsterdam,Andr? Vit?ria, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Amsterdam,Guy Geltner, Professor of Medieval History, University of Amsterdam

Ronald Kroeze is Assistant Professor in History at the Free University of Amsterdam and was a Postdoctoral Researcher and member of Anticorrp's Work Package 2. He has published extensively on the history of corruption.

Andr? Vit?ria is a Postdoctoral Researcher and a member of Anticorrp's Work Package 2. His PhD research focused on the impact of the Romano-canonical ius commune on the administration of justice, litigation and the relationship between different jurisdictions and political powers in medieval Portugal. He specializes in legal and political history in the high and late Middle Ages and is particularly interested in the intersection of juristic and publicistic thought and legal and political practice.

Guy Geltner is Professor of Medieval History and Director of the Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies at the University of Amsterdam. He has published widely on the history of Italian city-states in the later Middle Ages, especially on urban dis/order, as reflected in municipal approaches to punishment, dispute settlement, and public health.

Introduction: Debating Corruption and Anticorruption in History, Ronald Kroeze, Andr? Vit?ria and G. Geltner
I - Antiquity
1. Corruption and Anticorruption in Democratic Athens, Claire Taylor
2. Fighting Corruption: Political Thought and Practice in the Late Roman Republic, Valentina Arena
3. The Corrupting Sea: Law, Violence and Compulsory Professions in Late Antiquity, Sarah E. Bond
II - The Middle Ages
4. Fighting Corruption between Theory and Practice: The Land of the Euphrates and Tigris, Ninth to Eleventh Centuries, Maaike van Berkel
5. Late Medieval Polities and the Problem of Corruption: France, England and Portugal, 1250-1500, Andr? Vit?ria
6. The Problem of the Personal: Tackling Corruption in Later Medieval England, 1250-1550, John Watts
7. Fighting Corruption in the Italian City-State: Perugian Officers' End of Term Audit (sindacato) in the Fourteenth Century, G. Geltner
III - Early Modernity
8. "A Water-Spout Springing from the Rock of Freedom"? Corruption in Sixteenth- and Early Seventeenth-Century England, G.W. Bernard
9. A Sick Body: Corruption and Anticorruption in Early Modern Spain, Francisco And?jar Castillo, Antonio Feros and Pilar Ponce Leiva
10. Corruption and Anticorruption in France from the 1670s to the 1780s: The Example of the Provincial Administration of Languedoc, St?phane Durand
IV - From Early Modern to Modern Times
11. Corruption and Anticorruption in the Era of Modernity and Beyond, Jens Ivo Engels
12. Anticorruption in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Britain, Mark Knights
13. Statebuilding, Establishing Rule of Law and Fighting Corruption in Denmark, 1660-1900, Mette Frisk Jensen
14. The Paradox of "A High Standard of Public Honesty": A Long-Term Perspective on Dutch History, James Kennedy and Ronald Kroeze
15. Corruption and Anticorruption in the Romanian Principalities: Rules of Governance, Exceptions and Networks, Seventeenth to Nineteenth Century, Ovidiu Olar
16. Corruption and Anticorruption in Early-Nineteenth-Century Sweden: A Snapshot of the State of the Swedish Bureaucracy, Andreas B?genholm
17. State, Family and Anticorruption Practices in the Late Ottoman Empire, Iris Agmon
V - Modern and Contemporary History
18. Corruption and the Ethical Standards of British Public Life: National Debates and Local Administration, 1880-1914, James Moore
19. Lockheed (1977) and Flick (1981-1986): Anticorruption as a Pragmatic Practice in the Netherlands and Germany, Ronald Kroeze
20. Corruption in an Anticorruption State? East Germany under Communist Rule, Andr? Steiner
Afterword, Michael Johnston
Bibliography