Applied Animal Endocrinology

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780851995946 | 0851995942
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/15/2004

Sorry, this item is currently not available.

As greater emphasis is placed not only on efficiency and yield, but also health and welfare, in animal production, knowledge of the influence of hormones in animal growth and development is essential. As well as giving a thorough grounding in the subject, this textbook explains the techniques and effects of hormone manipulation and applies it to poultry, fish, horses, cattle, pigs and sheep.

Preface	p. x
Dedication	p. xii
Acknowledgments	p. xii
Abbreviations	p. xiii
Hormone and Receptor Structure and Function	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
What is a hormone?	p. 1
Why are hormones necessary?	p. 1
How do hormones function?	p. 2
What effects are due to hormones?	p. 3
How is hormone action selective?	p. 4
Types of hormones	p. 5
Location of endocrine glands	p. 5
Synthesis, Release and Metabolism of Hormones	p. 5
Synthesis of protein hormones	p. 5
Synthesis of steroid hormones	p. 7
Synthesis of eicosanoids	p. 9
Synthesis of thyroid hormones	p. 11
Hormone release	p. 11
Metabolism and excretion of hormones	p. 12
Receptors and Hormone Action	p. 13
Extracellular receptors	p. 13
Second messenger systems	p. 14
Adenylate cyclase-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway	p. 14
Guanyl cyclase-cGMP-dependent protein kinase pathway	p. 15
Genomic actions of cAMP	p. 16
Calcium-dependent phospholipase C-protein kinase C system	p. 16
Interaction of cAMP and Ca[superscript 2+] pathways	p. 18
Tyrosine kinase receptors: catalytic receptors	p. 18
Cytokine receptors	p. 20
Receptor serine kinase	p. 20
Termination of hormone action	p. 20
Intracellular receptors	p. 20
Structural and functional domains of nuclear receptors	p. 22
Binding sites of the hormone-receptor complex on DNA	p. 22
Organization of nuclear chromatin and the nuclear matrix	p. 23
Chromatin	p. 23
Nuclear matrix	p. 24
Identification of DNA regulatory sequences	p. 25
Identification of DNA-binding proteins	p. 26
Integration of peptide and steroid hormone actions	p. 26
Pituitary-Hypothalamic Integration of Hormone Action	p. 27
Structure-function relationship of pituitary and hypothalamus	p. 27
Posterior pituitary hormones	p. 28
Anterior pituitary hormones	p. 28
Hypothalamic control of pituitary hormone secretion	p. 29
Hypothalamic releasing and release-inhibiting hormones	p. 30
Control of hormone release	p. 31
Questions for Study and Discussion	p. 32
Further Reading	p. 33
Endocrine Methodologies	p. 35
Methods for Studying Endocrine Function	p. 35
Model systems	p. 35
Whole animal model	p. 35
Isolated organs or tissues	p. 37
In vitro models	p. 38
Use of inhibitors and agonists	p. 39
Use of antibodies	p. 40
Immune response	p. 40
Detection and purification of antibodies	p. 41
Monoclonal antibodies	p. 41
Use of antibodies to identify the site of hormone synthesis or target tissue	p. 42
Measurement of Hormones and Receptors	p. 42
Assay of hormones	p. 42
Types of hormone assays	p. 43
Bioassays	p. 43
Chemical assays	p. 44
Liquid chromatography	p. 45
Gas chromatography	p. 46
Electrophoresis	p. 47
Competitive binding assays	p. 47
Assay requirements	p. 47
Measurements of hormone-receptor binding	p. 49
Competition binding	p. 50
Methods for the Production of Hormones	p. 51
Steroids and non-protein hormones	p. 51
Protein and peptide hormones	p. 52
Determination of amino-acid sequence	p. 53
Peptide and protein synthesis	p. 54
Non-peptide mimics of peptides	p. 55
Production of recombinant proteins	p. 56
Manipulation of Endocrine Function	p. 57
Hormone delivery methods	p. 57
Types of sustained-release devices	p. 58
Pulsatile release of hormone	p. 59
Hormone residues	p. 60
Immunomodulation of hormone action	p. 61
Types of immunoglobulins	p. 61
Transgenic animals	p. 62
Uses for transgenic animals	p. 62
Production of transgenic animals	p. 63
Questions for Study and Discussion	p. 64
Further Reading	p. 65
Manipulation of Growth and Carcass Composition	p. 66
Overview	p. 66
Effects on growth, feed efficiency and lean yield	p. 67
Anabolic Steroids and Analogues	p. 68
Mechanism of action	p. 70
Direct effects	p. 71
Indirect effects	p. 72
Delivery systems	p. 72
Safety issues	p. 74
Use of Intact (Uncastrated) Male Pigs	p. 75
Advantages and problems of intact male pigs	p. 75
Effects of sex steroid hormones	p. 76
Description of boar taint	p. 77
Measurement of boar taint	p. 78
Use of tainted meat in processed products	p. 79
Metabolism of androstenone and skatole	p. 80
Factors affecting boar taint	p. 81
Diet and management	p. 82
Genetic factors	p. 82
Immunological methods to control boar taint	p. 83
Somatotrophin	p. 83
Control of ST release	p. 85
Mechanism of action of ST	p. 88
Direct effects	p. 88
ST receptors	p. 88
Metabolic effects	p. 88
Indirect effects	p. 89
Delivery/dose effects	p. 89
Safety/quality aspects	p. 90
[beta]-Adrenergic Agonists	p. 90
Mechanism of action	p. 91
[beta]-AA structures	p. 91
[beta]-AA receptors	p. 91
Physiological responses to [beta]-AA	p. 93
Delivery/dose	p. 94
Safety aspects	p. 94
Alternative approaches for using growth promoters	p. 95
Thyroid Hormones	p. 96
Synthesis and metabolism	p. 96
Metabolic effects	p. 97
Effects on growth and development	p. 98
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids	p. 99
Mechanism of action	p. 99
Linoleic acid, linolenic acid and [gamma]-linolenic acid	p. 100
Applications	p. 102
Conjugated linoleic acid	p. 102
Metabolic effects of CLA isomers	p. 103
Mechanism of action of CLA	p. 104
CLA preparations	p. 104
Leptin	p. 105
Leptin receptors	p. 105
Involvement in energy metabolism and reproduction	p. 106
Direct effects	p. 106
Applications	p. 107
Cholecystokinin and Appetite	p. 107
Mechanism of action	p. 107
Applications	p. 108
Antibiotics, Animicrobials and Other Factors	p. 108
Dietary Chromium and Insulin	p. 109
Insulin	p. 109
Glucagon	p. 110
Mechanisms of action	p. 110
Physiological effects	p. 111
Dose	p. 111
Safety issues	p. 112
Effects of Stress on Meat Quality	p. 112
Pale, soft, exudative and dark, firm, dry meat	p. 112
Porcine stress syndrome	p. 114
Testing for PSS	p. 115
Endocrine factors that affect PSS pigs and PSE pork	p. 117
Manipulations to reduce the incidence of PSE	p. 118
Summary and Conclusions	p. 118
Questions for Study and Discussion	p. 119
Further Reading	p. 120
Endocrine Effects on Animal Products	p. 124
Mammary Gland Development and Milk Production	p. 124
Introduction	p. 124
Mammary gland development	p. 124
Involution and the dry period	p. 126
Model systems for studying mammary gland development and function	p. 126
In vitro cell culture systems	p. 126
Whole animal studies	p. 126
Hormones and mammary gland development (mammogenesis)	p. 127
Hormones and initiation of lactogenesis	p. 128
Maintenance of lactation (galactopoiesis)	p. 129
Hormonal effects	p. 129
Milk removal	p. 130
Effect of bST	p. 130
Mechanism of action	p. 131
Delivery	p. 131
Safety concerns of bST use	p. 132
Factors affecting milk composition	p. 132
Milk protein	p. 132
Milk fat	p. 133
Metabolic diseases related to lactation	p. 134
Ketosis	p. 134
Milk fever	p. 134
Hormones involved	p. 134
Predisposing factors	p. 135
Treatment and prevention	p. 135
Egg Production	p. 136
Sexual development	p. 136
Hormonal effects	p. 137
Genetic effects	p. 137
Regulation of follicular development and egg production	p. 138
Application	p. 140
Eggshell formation	p. 141
Shell matrix	p. 142
Calcium metabolism	p. 143
Applications	p. 145
Wool Production and Endocrine Defleecing	p. 145
Introduction	p. 145
Defleecing methods	p. 145
Model systems used to study function of follicles	p. 147
Growth factor effects on hair and wool follicles	p. 147
Insulin-like growth factors	p. 147
Fibroblast growth factors	p. 148
Transforming growth factor-[beta]	p. 149
EGF family of growth factors	p. 149
EGF receptor	p. 150
Effects of EGF on follicles	p. 150
Other effects of EGF	p. 151
Summary of growth factors affecting fibre growth	p. 151
Questions for Study and Discussion	p. 151
Further Reading	p. 152
Endocrine Manipulation of Reproduction	p. 154
Manipulation of Reproduction in Mammals	p. 154
Sexual differentiation and maturation	p. 154
Differentiation of the gonads and ducts	p. 155
Differentiation of the brain	p. 155
Sex differentiation in cattle, sheep and pigs	p. 156
Sex-determining genes	p. 157
Regulation of meiosis in germ cells	p. 157
Regulation of the oestrous cycle	p. 158
Overview of the oestrous cycle	p. 159
Follicular development	p. 159
Oestrus and ovulation	p. 161
Luteal phase	p. 161
Pregnancy	p. 162
Parturition	p. 162
Puberty and seasonality	p. 162
Regulation of LH production	p. 163
Regulation of steroidogenesis	p. 164
Manipulation of the oestrous cycle	p. 164
Hormone preparations for manipulating reproduction	p. 165
Use of hormone agonists to control fertility	p. 170
Methods for the detection of oestrus	p. 171
Oestrus behaviour	p. 171
Milk progesterone	p. 172
Induction and synchronization of oestrus	p. 172
Strategies for synchronizing oestrus	p. 173
Prostaglandin F[subscript 2alpha]-based systems	p. 173
GnRH and the Ovsynch protocol	p. 173
Progestin-based systems	p. 174
Superovulation and embryo transfer	p. 175
In vitro production of embryos	p. 176
Maintenance of pregnancy	p. 177
Induction of abortion/parturition	p. 177
Postpartum interval	p. 178
Cystic ovarian disease	p. 178
Effects of nutrition	p. 179
Effects of stress	p. 179
Inducing puberty	p. 180
Advancing cyclicity in seasonal breeders	p. 180
Endocrine Manipulations in Aquaculture Fish	p. 182
Control of reproduction	p. 182
Sex reversal	p. 182
Hormonal treatments for sex reversal	p. 183
Indirect methods	p. 183
Induction of spawning	p. 185
Effects on growth and nutrient utilization	p. 186
Applications	p. 187
Stress and effects on the immune system	p. 188
Applications	p. 189
Questions for Study and Discussion	p. 189
Further Reading	p. 189
Effects on Animal Behaviour, Health and Welfare	p. 192
Control of Broodiness in Poultry	p. 192
Applications	p. 193
Applications of Pheromones	p. 194
Types of pheromones	p. 194
Chemistry of pheromones	p. 194
Pheromone production and release	p. 195
Detection of pheromones	p. 196
Vertebrate pheromones	p. 196
Rodents	p. 197
Pigs	p. 198
Cattle	p. 198
Sheep and goats	p. 199
Fish	p. 199
Other	p. 199
Insect pheromones	p. 200
Applications	p. 202
Pest control	p. 202
Population monitoring	p. 202
Mating disruption	p. 202
Mass trapping	p. 203
Insect management	p. 204
Reproduction control in mammals	p. 204
Effects of Stress	p. 204
What is stress?	p. 204
Hormonal responses to stress	p. 205
SA system	p. 205
HPA axis	p. 206
CRH and CRH receptors	p. 207
Role of various hormones in stress responses	p. 208
Assessment of stress	p. 210
Behavioural and physiological measures	p. 210
Hormonal measures	p. 210
Issues related to sampling	p. 211
Effects of stress on the immune system and disease resistance	p. 212
Overview	p. 212
Stress effects on the immune system	p. 214
Effects on reproduction	p. 215
Effects on growth performance	p. 217
Summary	p. 218
Endocrine Applications in Toxicology	p. 218
Endocrine disruptors or modulators	p. 218
Assessment of endocrine disruptor activity	p. 219
In vitro assays	p. 220
In vivo assays	p. 220
Sources of endocrine disruptors	p. 221
Plant-derived endocrine modulators	p. 221
Xenobiotic endocrine modulators	p. 223
Indirect mechanisms of action	p. 224
Effects on hormone metabolism	p. 224
Effects on thyroid function	p. 225
Effects on adrenal function	p. 225
Effects on CNS function and behaviour	p. 225
Summary	p. 226
Questions for Study and Discussion	p. 227
Further Reading	p. 227
Index	p. 230
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Applied Animal Endocrinology

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials