Applied Sport Psychology : Personal Growth to Peak Performance

, by Williams, Jean

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ISBN: 9780073376530 | 0073376531
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/5/2009

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Summary

Drawing upon the expertise of more than twenty leaders of their fields, this is a comprehensive and practical guide to psychological concepts and theories as well as to strategies and techniques designed to help future coaches and sport psychologists cultivate peak performance and personal growth through recent advances in sport psychology. The text's four-part organization focuses on motivation and leadership, social interactions, mental training, program implementation, and issues that go beyond performance enhancement. Contributing authors are experts in their topic, and each chapter has been written specifically for this collection..

Sport Psychology: Past, Present, Future	p. 1
History of Sport Psychology	p. 2
History of Sport Psychology in Eastern Europe	p. 10
Future Directions in North American Applied Sport Psychology	p. 11
Learning, Motivation, and Social Interaction	p. 19
Motor Skill Learning for Effective Coaching and Performance	p. 21
Motor Learning Defined	p. 21
Phases of Motor Skill Learning	p. 22
Practice Considerations	p. 26
Teaching Several Skills: Blocked versus Random Practice	p. 27
Teaching Several Variations of a Skill: Variable Practice	p. 29
Whole versus Part Practice	p. 30
Feedback: Its Functions and Use in Skill Learning and Performance	p. 32
Diagnosing and Correcting Errors	p. 35
A Positive Approach to Coaching Effectiveness and Performance Enhancement	p. 42
The ABCs of Behavior Control	p. 43
Positive and Aversive Approaches to Influencing Behavior	p. 45
Positive Reinforcement: Getting Good Things to Happen	p. 47
Performance Feedback	p. 52
Motivational Processes and the Facilitation of Quality Engagement in Sport	p. 59
Believing That One Can: The Construct of Self-Efficacy	p. 60
Achievement Goals: The Importance of How We Judge Our Competence	p. 63
Doing It for the Joy: The Determinants of Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination	p. 71
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Theory: When Coaches' Expectations Become Reality	p. 81
The Expectation-Performance Process	p. 82
Sport Applications	p. 90
Behavioral Recommendations for Coaches	p. 98
Leadership Effectiveness and Decision Making in Coaches	p. 106
What is Leadership?	p. 107
Leadership Theories and Implications	p. 107
Authentic Leadership	p. 115
Multidimensional Models of Leadership in Sport	p. 117
Decision Making in Coaches	p. 118
Evaluating Leadership	p. 120
Leading Ethically	p. 121
Developing Leadership within the Team	p. 122
Developing Morale within the Team	p. 123
The Sport Team as an Effective Group	p. 132
The Nature of Sport Groups	p. 133
Group Cohesion	p. 134
Developing a Team Concept: Correlates of Cohesion	p. 135
Team Building	p. 141
Communicating Effectively	p. 149
Communication Defined	p. 150
Communication in Sport	p. 151
Communication and Groups	p. 153
The Sport Psychologist as a Skilled Helper	p. 160
Mental Training for Performance Enhancement	p. 167
Psychological Characteristics of Peak Performance	p. 169
Overview of Peak Performance	p. 170
Psychological Characteristics During Peak Experiences in Sport	p. 170
Flow and Peak Performance	p. 171
The Individualized Zone of Optimal Functioning	p. 173
Psychological Attributes and Skills of Successful and Less Successful Athletes	p. 175
A Profile of Mental Toughness	p. 178
Team, Coach, Family, and Organizational Influences on Peak Performance	p. 179
Conclusion: What It Takes to "Make It"	p. 180
Increasing Awareness for Sport Performance	p. 189
The Importance of Awareness in Athletics	p. 190
Awareness as it Relates to Skill Development	p. 191
Techniques for Developing Awareness	p. 195
Appendix: Guidelines for Keeping a Sport Journal	p. 199
Goal Setting for Peak Performance	p. 201
Goal-Setting Research and Theory	p. 201
Examining Athletes' and Coaches' Uses of Goal Setting	p. 204
Goal-Setting Guidelines	p. 206
A Goal-Setting System for Coaches	p. 211
Common Problems in Setting Goals	p. 212
Arousal-Performance Relationships	p. 221
The Nature of Arousal	p. 222
Defining Arousal and Related Constructs	p. 222
The Relationship between Arousal and Motor Performance	p. 227
Estimating the Relationship between an Athlete's Optimal Arousal and Performance	p. 237
Relaxation and Energizing Techniques for Regulation of Arousal	p. 247
Muscle-to-Mind Relaxation Skills and Strategies	p. 251
Mind-to-Muscle Relaxation Techniques	p. 257
Skills and Strategies for Learning How to Increase Activation and Energy	p. 261
Seeing Is Believing: Understanding and Using Imagery in Sport	p. 267
What Is Imagery?	p. 268
Does Imagery Work to Enhance Athletes' Performance?	p. 271
How Does Imagery Enhance Athletes' Performance?	p. 275
How Do You Set Up an Imagery Training Program?	p. 278
Imagery Cookbook for Coaches and Practitioners	p. 282
Case Studies	p. 292
Appendix A Sample Imagery Script for Competition Preparation	p. 300
Appendix B Sport Imagery Evaluation	p. 301
Cognitive Techniques for Building Confidence and Enhancing Performance	p. 305
Key Definitions: Confidence, Mental Toughness, Optimism, Self-Efficacy	p. 306
Common Misconceptions about Confidence	p. 307
Prerequisites for Gaining Confidence	p. 309
Self-Talk	p. 311
Identifying Self-Talk	p. 316
Techniques for Controlling Self-Talk	p. 318
Concentration and Strategies for Controlling It	p. 336
Attention Control Training Principles	p. 337
Increasing Awareness of Types of Attention	p. 344
External Factors: Strategies to Minimize External Distractions	p. 347
Internal Factors: Strategies to Stay Centered	p. 349
Implementing Training Programs	p. 359
Integrating and Implementing a Psychological Skills Training Program	p. 361
Are Psychological Interventions Effective in Improving Sport Performance?	p. 362
Who Will Benefit from Psychological Skills Training?	p. 363
Who Should Conduct the Psychological Skills Training Program?	p. 363
When Should You Implement a Psychological Skills Training Program?	p. 366
When Should Athletes Practice Psychological Skills?	p. 367
How Much Time Should Be Spent in Mental Training?	p. 368
Setting Up a Mental Skills Training Program	p. 369
Determining What Skills to Include	p. 375
Evaluation of Program Effectiveness	p. 377
Practical Pointers for Teaching Mental Skills	p. 379
Ethical Considerations for the Coach and Sport Psychology Consultant	p. 385
Potential Problem Areas	p. 385
Conducting Psychologically Oriented Coach-Training Programs: A Social-Cognitive Approach	p. 392
Developing Coach-Training Programs	p. 393
Implementing Sport Psychology Workshops for Coaches	p. 400
A Final Word	p. 406
Summary of Coaching Guidelines	p. 414
Coach Self-Report Form	p. 416
Gender and Cultural Considerations	p. 417
Overview and Framework	p. 417
The Cultural Context of Sport	p. 419
Gender and Sexuality	p. 422
Race, Ethnicity, and Social Class	p. 426
Cultural Competence in Sport Psychology	p. 429
Enhancing Health and Well-Being	p. 441
When to Refer Athletes for Counseling or Psychotherapy	p. 443
Counseling and Sport Psychology	p. 444
Differentiating Performance Enhancement From More Problematic Personal Issues	p. 445
How to start the Referral Process	p. 446
When Referrals Don't Go Smoothly	p. 448
More Specific Athlete-Related Issues	p. 449
Professional Development Tasks for Practitioners and Students	p. 454
Drug Abuse in Sport: Causes and Cures	p. 463
Review of Drugs Banned in Sport	p. 465
Rationale for an Antidrug Policy in Sport	p. 469
How Widespread Is Drug Abuse in Sport?	p. 469
Likely Causes of Drug Abuse in Sport	p. 472
Strategies for Controlling Drug Abuse	p. 474
Burnout in Sport: Understanding the Process-From Early Warning Signs to Individualized Intervention	p. 492
Introduction	p. 492
Burnout, Dropout, Overtraining, and Staleness	p. 494
Signs, Symptoms, and Consequences of Burnout	p. 495
Theories and Models of Burnout in Sport	p. 496
Examining Burnout in Sport	p. 499
Monitoring Burnout	p. 502
Interventions	p. 504
Case Study	p. 506
Injury Risk and Rehabilitation: Psychological Considerations	p. 512
Factors That Predispose Athletes to Injury	p. 513
Interventions to Reduce Injury Vulnerability	p. 517
Athletes' Reactions to Injury	p. 519
Reacting to Injured Athletes	p. 526
Teaching Specific Psychological Rehabilitation Strategies	p. 529
Career Transition among Athletes: Is There Life after Sports?	p. 542
History and Background	p. 542
Theoretical Perspectives on Career Transition	p. 544
Conceptual Model of Career Transition	p. 545
Stage 1: Causes of Career Termination	p. 545
Stage 2: Factors Related to Adaptation to Career Transition	p. 547
Stage 3: Available Resources for Adaptation to Career Transition	p. 550
Stage 4: Quality of Career Transition	p. 552
Stage 5: Intervention for Career Transition	p. 552
Exercise Psychology	p. 563
Exercise and Mental Health	p. 564
Plausible Mediators or Mechanisms	p. 568
Physical Activity Behavior Change	p. 572
Author Index	p. 596
Subject Index	p. 607
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Applied Sport Psychology : Personal Growth to Peak Performance

Summary

Table of Contents

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