- ISBN: 9780312640996 | 0312640994
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 8/8/2011
Approaching Literaturehas been designed to give even reluctant students a comfortable way in to literature. The authors Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl set out to use contemporary literary works as entry points to canonical literature and to make the instruction in reading and writing welcoming and accessible to all students, not just potential English majors. With its affordable price, its streamlined and student-friendly text and its commitment to showcasing the most engaging and diverse literary works publishing right now, all students will find something in Approaching Literaturethat allows them to experience meaningful immersion into the world of literature.
Peter Schakel is Peter C. and Emajean Cook Professor of English at Hope College. He is author of The Poetry of Jonathan Swift (1978) and four books on C.S. Lewis, including The Way into Narnia: A Reader’s Guide and Imagination and the Arts in C.S. Lewis. He is also editor of Critical Approaches to Teaching Swift and The Longing for a Form: Essays and Fiction on C.S. Lewis; coeditor with Charles A. Huttar of Word and Story in C.S. Lewis and The Rhetoric of Vision: Essays on Charles Williams. For Bedford/St. Martin’s, with Jack Ridl he co-edited 250 Poems, Approaching Poetry and he is coeditor with Janet Gardner, Beverley Lawn, and Jack Ridl of Literature: a Portable Anthology. Jack Ridl is Professor Emeritus of English at Hope College where he taught courses in literature, essay writing, poetry writing, and the nature of poetry for thirty-five years. He has published six volumes of poetry and more than 200 poems in some fifty literary magazines; his most recent collection, Broken Symmetry, was selected by the Society of Midland Authors as one of the two best volumes of poetry published in 2006. His chapbook Against Elegies received the 2001 Letterpress Award from the Center for Book Arts. His recognitions for teaching excellence include the Hope Outstanding Professor-Educator award at Hope College for 1976, the Michigan Teacher of the Year award from the Carnegie Foundation in 1996, and the Favorite Faculty/Staff Member award at Hope College in 2003. For Bedford/St. Martin’s, with Peter Schakel he co-edited 250 Poems and Approaching Poetry; and he is coeditor with Janet Gardner, Beverley Lawn, and Peter Schakel of Literature: a Portable Anthology.
PART 1 Approaching LITERATURE 1 Reading Literature
Taking Part in a Process
SHERMAN ALEXIE, Superman and Me
The Nature of Reading
Active Reading
JULIA ALVAREZ, Daughter of Intervention 2 Writing in Response to Literature
Entering the Conversation
ALICE WALKER, The Flowers
Writing in the Margins
Journal Writing
TIPS for Effective Journal Writing
Writing Essay Examination Answers
* Writing Short Papers, with a Student, Kortney DeVito, on Her Writing Process
* TIPS for Writing Literary Analysis Papers
* TIPS for Writing Comparison-Contrast Papers
* TIPS for Writing Social and Cultural Criticism Papers
*Sample Short Paper
*Kortney DeVito’s Rough Draft
*Kortney Devito’s Final Draft with her Notes: “The Death of Myop’s Childhood”
TIPS for Writing a Successful Short Paper
*A Closer Look at Handling Titles
*A Closer Look at Punctuating and Formatting Quotations 3 Writing a Literary Research Paper
Entering the Larger Conversation
*The Research Process, with a Student, Kristina Martinez, on Her Writing Process
Finding Materials
Evaluating Sources
*Writing a Research Paper
*Revising, Proofreading, and Double-Checking
Sample Research Paper: The Structure of Story in Toni Morrison’s “Recitatif”
*A Closer Look at Avoiding Plagiarism
*A Closer Look at Preparing a Works Cited Page
* TIPS for Handling Online Sources PART 2 Approaching FICTION 4 Reading Fiction
Responding to the Real World of Stories
What Is Fiction?
Why Read Fiction?
Active Reading: Fiction
Rereading: Fiction 5 Plot and Characters
Watching What Happens, to Whom
DAGOBERTO GILB, Love in L.A.
Reading for Plot
Reading for Character
Further Reading
LOUISE ERDRICH, The Red Convertible
FLANNERY O’CONNOR, A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Approaching Graphic Fiction
LYNDA BARRY, Today’s Demon: Magic
Responding through Writing
6 Point of View and Theme
Being Alert to Angles, Open to Insights
SANDRA CISNEROS, The House on Mango Street
Reading for Point of View
Reading for Theme
Further Reading
ALICE WALKER, Everyday Use
WILLIAM FAULKNER, A Rose for Emily
*MARJANE SATRAPI, The Cigarette from Persepolis
Responding through Writing
7 Setting and Symbol
Meeting Meaning in Places and Objects
Reading for Setting
ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Hills Like White Elephants
Reading for Symbols
Reading for Allegory
Further Reading
TONI CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson
DAVID MEANS, The Secret Goldfish
*RICHARD MCGUIRE, Here
Responding through Writing 8 Tone, Style, and Irony
Attending to Expression and Attitude
KATE CHOPIN, The Story of an Hour
Reading for Tone
Reading for Style
Reading for Irony
Further Reading
JAMES JOYCE, Araby
KATHERINE MIN, Courting a Monk
*ART SPIEGELMAN, from Maus
Responding through Writing 9 Writing about Fiction
*Applying What You’ve Learned, with a Student, Alicia Abood, on her Writing Process
Sample Short Paper
*Alicia Abood’s Rough Draft
*Final Draft: “A Lost Identity: Taking a Deeper Look at Jake in ‘Love in L.A.’” 10 Sherman Alexie – An Author in Depth
“I’ve Always Had Crazy Dreams”
SHERMAN ALEXIE, This is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona
SHERMAN ALEXIE, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven TOMSON HIGHWAY, Interview with Sherman Alexie
ÅSE NYGREN, A World of Story-Smoke: A Conversation with Sherman Alexie
JOSEPH L. COULOMBE, The Approximate Size of His Favorite Humor: Sherman Alexie’s Comic Connections and Disconnections in The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (criticism)
JEROME DENUCCIO, Slow Dancing with Skeletons: Sherman Alexie’s The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (criticism)
JAMES COX, Muting White Noise: The Subversion of Popular Culture Narratives of Conquest in Sherman Alexie’s Fiction (criticism)
Responding through Writing 11 A Collection of Stories
Investigating a Variety of Vistas
*Flash Fiction
*ANN BEATTIE, Snow
*LYDIA DAVIS, What She Knew
*DAVE EGGERS, Accident
*RAY GONZÁLES, The Jalapeño Contest
JAMAICA KINCAID, Girl
*MICHAEL OPPENHEIMER, The Paring Knife *Two Short Story Pairings
JOHN STEINBECK, The Chrysanthemums
*CHITRA BANERJEE DIVAKARUNI, Clothes
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, Young Goodman Brown
*HA JIN, Saboteur
Stories for Further Reading
ISABEL ALLENDE, And of Clay Are We Created
JAMES BALDWIN, Sonny’s Blues
RAYMOND CARVER, What We Talk about When We Talk about Love
* JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, Nada
RALPH ELLISON, Battle Royal
GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ (COLUMBIA), A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
*LANGSTON HUGHES, Thank You Ma’am
ZORA NEALE HURSTON, Sweat
*BEL KAUFMAN, Sunday in the Park
*YIYUN LI, The Princess of Nebraska
TONI MORRISON, Recitatif
*BHARATI MUKHERJEE, The Management of Grief
HARUKI MURAKAMI (JAPAN), Birthday Girl
JOYCE CAROL OATES, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
TIM O’BRIEN, The Things they Carried
TILLIE OLSEN, I Stand Here Ironing
*Z Z PACKER, Brownies
EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Cask of Amontillado
KATHERINE ANNE PORTER, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
LESLIE MARMON SILKO, The Man to Send Rain Clouds
AMY TAN, Two Kinds
JOHN UPDIKE, A & P
HELENA MARÍA VIRAMONTES, The Moths PART 3 Approaching POETRY 12 Reading Poetry
Realizing the Richness in Poems
What Is Poetry?
Why Read Poetry?
Active Reading: Poetry
Rereading: Poetry
13 Words and Images
Seizing on Sense and Sight
Reading for Denotation
ROBERT HAYDEN, Those Winter Sundays
Reading for Connotation
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, The Bean Eaters
Reading for Images
MAXINE KUMIN, The Sound of Night
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, The Red Wheelbarrow
Further Reading
*RICHARD JONES, OED
*RON KOERTGE, Q and A
ALLISON JOSEPH, On Being Told I Don’t Speak like a Black Person
*NATASHA TRETHEWAY, History Lesson
ANITA ENDREZZE, The Girl Who Loved the Sky
*WENDELL BERRY, The Peace of Wild Things
*CATHY SONG, Heaven
Responding through Writing
14 Voice, Tone, and Sound
Hearing How Sense Is Said
Reading for Voice
LI-YOUNG LEE, Eating Alone
CHARLES BUKOWSKI, my old man
Reading a Dramatic Monologue
Reading for Tone
THEODORE ROETHKE, My Papa’s Waltz
Reading for Irony
MARGE PIERCY, Barbie Doll
Reading for Sound
TIPS for Reading Poems Aloud
SEKOU SUNDIATA, Blink Your Eyes
Further Reading
*GERALD STERN, The Dog
*JANE KENYON, A Boy Goes into the World
*PAT MORA, La Migra
WILFRED OWEN, Dulce et Decorum Est
YOSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It
ROBERT BROWNING, My Last Duchess
Responding through Writing 15 Figurative Language
Wondering What This Has to Do with That
Reading for Simile
*MARTÍN ESPADA, Latin Night at the Pawnshop
LANGSTON HUGHES, Harlem
Reading for Metaphor
DENNIS BRUTUS, Nightsong: City
Reading for Personification
ANGELINA EMILY GRIMKÉ, A Winter Twilight
Reading for Metonymy and Synecdoche
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON, Richard Cory
Two Other Observations about Figures
WILLIAM STAFFORD, Traveling through the Dark
Further Reading
*ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, The Eagle
*TED KOOSER, Student
*EMILY DICKINSON, It sifts from leaden sieves
MARY OLIVER, First Snow
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, Cold as Heaven
JULIA ALVAREZ, How I Learned to Sweep
Responding through Writing
Writing about Figurative Language
Writing about Connections
TIPS for Writing about Figurative Language
Writing Research Papers
16 Rhythm and Meter
Feeling the Beat, the Flux, and the Flow
Reading for Rhythm
E. E. CUMMINGS, Buffalo Bill’s
Reading for Meter
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, We Wear the Mask
Further Reading
LUCILLE CLIFTON, at the cemetery, walnut grove plantation, south carolina, 1989
LORNA DEE CERVANTES, Freeway 280
*SEAMUS HEANEY, Mid Term Break
ROBERT FROST, The Road Not Taken
GARY MIRANDA, Love Poem
A. K. RAMANUJAN, Self-Portrait
EMILY DICKINSON, I’m Nobody! Who are you?
SYLVIA PLATH, Metaphors
GEORGIA DOUGLAS JOHNSON, Wishes
Responding through Writing 17 Form and Type
Delighting in Design
Reading for Lines
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, We Real Cool
Reading for Stanzas
COUNTEE CULLEN, Incident
Reading Sonnets
English (or Shakespearean) Sonnet
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, That time of year thou mayst in me behold
Italian (or Petrarchan) Sonnet
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, God’s Grandeur
Reading Free Verse
LESLIE MARMON SILKO, Prayer to the Pacific
Reading for Internal Form
Further Reading
JAMES WRIGHT, A Blessing
JOY HARJO, She Had Some Horses
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS, The Lake Isle of Innisfree
CLAUDE MCKAY, If we must die
HELENE JOHNSON, Sonnet to a Negro in Harlem
*E. E. CUMMINGS, next to of course god america i
DAVID MURA, Grandfather-in-Law
ELIZABETH BISHOP, Sestina
JOHN YAU, Chinese Villanelle
Responding through Writing 18 Writing about Poetry
Applying What You’ve Learned, with a Student, Sunkyo Hong, on His Writing Process
* TIPS for Quoting Poetry
*Sample Short Paper
*Final Draft: “Experiencing ‘First Snow’” 19 A Poet in Personal Context – Judith Ortiz Cofer
Two Worlds, One Vision
*The Changeling (poem)
*The Birthplace (poem)
*On the Island I Have Seen (poem)
*The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica (poem)
*My Father in the Navy: A Childhood Memory (poem)
*First Job: The Southern Sweets Sandwich Shop and Bakery (poem)
*Silent Dancing (memoir)
*And Are You a Latina Writer? (essay in interview form)
*RAFAEL OCASIO, Speaking in Puerto Rican: An Interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer
*MARILYN KALLET, The art of not forgetting: an interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer
*LORRAINE M. LÓPEZ, Possibilities for Salsa Music in the Mainstream: An Interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer
*BRIDGET KEVANE AND JUANITA HEREDIA, The Poetic Truth: An Interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer
*Responding Through Writing
20 A Collection of Poems
Valuing a Variety of Vistas *A Dozen Very Short Poems
*ANONYMOUS, Western Wind
*MARGARET ATWOOD, you fit into me
*LUCILLE CLIFTON, adam and eve
*COUNTEE CULLEN, For a Lady I know
*LANCE HENSON, song in january
*RANDALL JARRELL, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
*DENISE LEVERTOV, Leaving Forever
*ARIANNE MOORE, Poetry
*DOROTHY PARKER, Résumé
*EZRA POUND, In a Station of the Metro
*MARY RUEFLE, Barbarians
*CARL SANDBURG, Fog A Variety of Poems for Further Reading
AI, Why Can't I Leave You?
AGHA SHAHID ALI, I Dream It Is Afternoon When I Return to Delhi
ANONYMOUS, Sir Patrick Spens
*A PAIRING OF POEMS
MARGARET ATWOOD, True Stories
RICHARD GARCIA, Why I Left the Church
W. H. AUDEN, Musée des Beaux Arts
JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA, Family Ties
JIM BARNES, Return to La Plata, Missouri
*OLGA BOUMAS, Cinderella
ELIZABETH BISHOP, In the Waiting Room
WILLIAM BLAKE, The Chimney Sweeper
EAVAN BOLAND, The Pomegranate
ANNE BRADSTREET, To My Dear and Loving Husband
STERLING A. BROWN, Riverbank Blues
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING, How do I love thee? Let me count the ways
*JO CARSON, I cannot remember all the times
*TINA CHANG, Naming the Light
*MARILYN CHIN, How I Got That Name
*LUCILLE CLIFTON, homage to my hips
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Kubla Khan
*BILLY COLLINS, I Chop Some Parsley While Listening to Art Blakey’s Version of “Three Blind Mice”
VICTOR HERNÁNDEZ CRUZ, Problems with Hurricanes
TOI DERRICOTTE, A Note on My Son’s Face
*TODD DAVIS, Accident
EMILY DICKINSON, I heard a Fly buzz
EMILY DICKINSON, Because I could not stop for death
*CHITRA BANERJEE DIVAKARUNI, Nargis’ Toilette
*JOHN DONNE, Break of Day
JOHN DONNE, Death, be not proud
MARK DOTY, Tiara
*RITA DOVE, Fifth Grade Autobiography
CORNELIUS EADY, My Mother, If She Had Won Free Dance Lessons
T. S. ELIOT, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
*GRAY EMERSON, The Indexer in Love
CAROLYN FORCHÉ, The Colonel
*VIEVEE FRANCIS, 1864, A Pocket Full of Rye
ROBERT FROST, After Apple-Picking
*ROBERT FROST, Birches
*A PAIRING OF POEMS
*ROBERT FROST, Design
DAVID HERNANDEZ, The Butterfly Effect *TESS GALLAGHER, The Hug
ALLEN GINSBERG, A Supermarket in California
NIKKI GIOVANNI, Nikka Rosa
*ARACELIS GIRMAY, Consider the Hands That Write This Letter
*DIANE GLANCY, Emmigrant
RAY GONZÁLEZ, Praise the Tortilla, Praise Menudo, Praise Chorizo
KIMIKO HAHN, Mother’s Mother
*THOMAS HARDY, The Man He Killed
MICHAEL S. HARPER, Nightmare Begins Responsibility
*TERRANCE HAYES, Talk
SAMUEL HAZO, For Fawzi in Jerusalem
GEORGE HERBERT, The Pulley
ROBERT HERRICK, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
*BOB HICOK, In the Loop
*JANE HIRSHFIELD, To Drink
*TONY HOAGLAND, History of Desire
*LINDA HOGAN, Crow Law
GARRETT KAORU HONGO, Yellow Light *A PAIRING OF POEMS
A. E. HOUSMAN, To an Athlete Dying Young
*QUINCY TROUPE, A Poem for “Magic”
LANGSTON HUGHES, The Negro Speaks of Rivers
*HONOREE FANONNE JEFFERS, Unidentified Female Student, Former Slave
BEN JONSON, On My First Son
A. VAN JORDAN, From
JOHN KEATS, Ode on a Grecian Urn
ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane
LI-YOUNG LEE, Visions and Interpretations
*DENISE LEVERTOV, Talking to Grief
PHILIP LEVINE, What Work Is
*LARRY LEVIS, The Poem You Asked For
AUDRE LORDE, Hanging Fire
RICHARD LOVELACE, To Lucasta, Going to the Wars
ROBERT LOWELL, Skunk Hour
HEATHER McHUGH, What He Thought
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
ANDREW MARVELL, To His Coy Mistress
JOHN MILTON, When I consider how my light is spent
MARIANNE MOORE, Poetry
*THYLIAS MOSS, Rush Hour
*MARILYN NELSON, Minor Miracle
LORINE NIEDECKER, My Life by Water
NAOMI SHIHAB NYE, The Small Vases from Hebron
*SHARON OLDS, I Go Back to May 1937
SIMON ORTIZ, Speaking
*LINDA PASTAN, love poem
ROBERT PINSKY, Shirt
SYLVIA PLATH, Daddy
DUDLEY RANDALL, Ballad of Birmingham
*HENRY REED, Naming of Parts
*ADRIENNE RICH, Rape
*JACK RIDL, First Cut
ALBERTO RÍOS, Nani
*LUIS RODRIGUEZ, Running to America
WENDY ROSE, Loo-Wit
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? *A PAIRING OF POEMS
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, Ozymandias
*PETER BLUE CLOUD, Crazy Horse Monument
CHARLES SIMIC, Classic Ballroom Dances
*GARY SOTO, Moving Away
EDMUND SPENSER, One day I wrote her name upon the strand
*WALLACE STEVENS, Anecdote of the Jar
MARK STRAND, Eating Poetry
VIRGIL SUÁREZ, Tea Leaves, Caracoles, Coffee Beans
*MAY SWENSON, The Sound of Death
*ARTHUR SZE, The Shapes of Leaves
*MARY TALLMOUNTAIN, Matmiya
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, Ulysses
DYLAN THOMAS, Do not go gentle into that good night
JEAN TOOMER, Face
JAMES WELCH, Christmas Comes to Moccasin Flat
*PATRICIA JABBEH WESLEY, There’s Nothing You can Do
ROBERTA HILL WHITEMAN, The White Land
WALT WHITMAN, From Song of Myself
RICHARD WILBUR, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
*NANCY WILLARD, Questions My Son Asked Me, Answers I Never Gave Him
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, Spring and All *A PAIRING OF POEMS
*WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, The world is too much with us
CHERYL SAVAGEAU, Bones—A City Poem WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS, The Second Coming
AL YOUNG, A Dance for Ma Rainy
RAY A. YOUNG BEAR, Green Threatening Clouds
*PAUL ZIMMER, Zimmer’s Head Thudding against the Blackboard PART 4 Approaching DRAMA 21 Reading Drama
Participating in Serious Play
Active Reading: Drama
Rereading: Drama 22 Character, Conflict, and Dramatic Action
Thinking about Who Does What to Whom and Why
KELLY STUART, The New New
Reading for Character
Reading for Dialogue
Reading for Conflict
Reading for Dramatic Action
Further Reading
*EDUARDO MACHADO, Crossing the Border
Responding through Writing 23 Setting and Structure
Examining Where, When, and How It Happens
Reading for Setting
SUSAN GLASPELL, Trifles
Reading for Structure
Compression and Contrast
Further Reading
*DON NIGRO, Letters from Quebec to Providence in the Rain
Responding through Writing 24 Writing about Drama
Applying What You’ve Learned, with a Student, Julian Hinson, on his Writing Process
TIPS for Quoting Drama
Sample Short Paper: “Out with the Old, in with the New: the Spin on Contemporary Values in The New New” 25 August Wilson’s Fences – A Casebook
Wrestling with One Writer’s Work
AUGUST WILSON, Fences
“Some people build fences to keep people out... and other people build fences to keep people in. Rose wants to hold onto you all.”
LLOYD RICHARDS, Fences: Director’s Introduction
CLIVE BARNES, Fiery Fences: A Review (criticism)
FRANK RICH, Family Ties in Wilson’s Fences: A Review (criticism)
BONNIE LYONS, An Interview with August Wilson
MILES MARSHALL LEWIS, Miles Marshall Lewis Talks with August Wilson
MISSY DEHN KUBITSCHEK, August Wilson’s Gender Lesson (criticism)
HARRY J. ELAM JR., August Wilson (criticism)
SUSAN KOPRINCE, Baseball as History and Myth in August Wilson’s Fences (criticism)
Responding through Writing 26 A Collection of Plays
Viewing from a Variety of Vantage Points *Four Ten-Minute Plays
DAVID IVES, Sure Thing
*MARK LAMBECK, Intervention
*SUZAN LORI-PARKS, Father Comes Home from the Wars
*JOYCE CAROL OATES, When I Was a Little Girl and My Mother Didn’t Want Me *Two Pairings of Plays
*EDWARD ALBEE, The Sandbox
DAVID HENRY HWANG, As the Crow Flies *TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, This Property Is Condemned
*MARCO RAMIREZ, I Am Not Batman Four Classic Plays
The Impact of Genre and Theater
The Greek Theater
SOPHOCLES, Antigone
Elizabethan Drama
*WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Othello
Post-Elizabethan Theaters
Late 18th- and 19th-Century Plays
HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll House
Twentieth-Century Theaters
*LORRAINE HANSBERRY, A Raisin in the Sun
Biographical Sketches
Appendix on Scansion
EMILY DICKINSON, I like to see it lap the miles
Reading Critical Essays
Approaching Critical Theory
Glossary of Literary Terms
Taking Part in a Process
SHERMAN ALEXIE, Superman and Me
The Nature of Reading
Active Reading
JULIA ALVAREZ, Daughter of Intervention 2 Writing in Response to Literature
Entering the Conversation
ALICE WALKER, The Flowers
Writing in the Margins
Journal Writing
TIPS for Effective Journal Writing
Writing Essay Examination Answers
* Writing Short Papers, with a Student, Kortney DeVito, on Her Writing Process
* TIPS for Writing Literary Analysis Papers
* TIPS for Writing Comparison-Contrast Papers
* TIPS for Writing Social and Cultural Criticism Papers
*Sample Short Paper
*Kortney DeVito’s Rough Draft
*Kortney Devito’s Final Draft with her Notes: “The Death of Myop’s Childhood”
TIPS for Writing a Successful Short Paper
*A Closer Look at Handling Titles
*A Closer Look at Punctuating and Formatting Quotations 3 Writing a Literary Research Paper
Entering the Larger Conversation
*The Research Process, with a Student, Kristina Martinez, on Her Writing Process
Finding Materials
Evaluating Sources
*Writing a Research Paper
*Revising, Proofreading, and Double-Checking
Sample Research Paper: The Structure of Story in Toni Morrison’s “Recitatif”
*A Closer Look at Avoiding Plagiarism
*A Closer Look at Preparing a Works Cited Page
* TIPS for Handling Online Sources PART 2 Approaching FICTION 4 Reading Fiction
Responding to the Real World of Stories
What Is Fiction?
Why Read Fiction?
Active Reading: Fiction
Rereading: Fiction 5 Plot and Characters
Watching What Happens, to Whom
DAGOBERTO GILB, Love in L.A.
Reading for Plot
Reading for Character
Further Reading
LOUISE ERDRICH, The Red Convertible
FLANNERY O’CONNOR, A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Approaching Graphic Fiction
LYNDA BARRY, Today’s Demon: Magic
Responding through Writing
6 Point of View and Theme
Being Alert to Angles, Open to Insights
SANDRA CISNEROS, The House on Mango Street
Reading for Point of View
Reading for Theme
Further Reading
ALICE WALKER, Everyday Use
WILLIAM FAULKNER, A Rose for Emily
*MARJANE SATRAPI, The Cigarette from Persepolis
Responding through Writing
7 Setting and Symbol
Meeting Meaning in Places and Objects
Reading for Setting
ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Hills Like White Elephants
Reading for Symbols
Reading for Allegory
Further Reading
TONI CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson
DAVID MEANS, The Secret Goldfish
*RICHARD MCGUIRE, Here
Responding through Writing 8 Tone, Style, and Irony
Attending to Expression and Attitude
KATE CHOPIN, The Story of an Hour
Reading for Tone
Reading for Style
Reading for Irony
Further Reading
JAMES JOYCE, Araby
KATHERINE MIN, Courting a Monk
*ART SPIEGELMAN, from Maus
Responding through Writing 9 Writing about Fiction
*Applying What You’ve Learned, with a Student, Alicia Abood, on her Writing Process
Sample Short Paper
*Alicia Abood’s Rough Draft
*Final Draft: “A Lost Identity: Taking a Deeper Look at Jake in ‘Love in L.A.’” 10 Sherman Alexie – An Author in Depth
“I’ve Always Had Crazy Dreams”
SHERMAN ALEXIE, This is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona
SHERMAN ALEXIE, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven TOMSON HIGHWAY, Interview with Sherman Alexie
ÅSE NYGREN, A World of Story-Smoke: A Conversation with Sherman Alexie
JOSEPH L. COULOMBE, The Approximate Size of His Favorite Humor: Sherman Alexie’s Comic Connections and Disconnections in The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (criticism)
JEROME DENUCCIO, Slow Dancing with Skeletons: Sherman Alexie’s The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (criticism)
JAMES COX, Muting White Noise: The Subversion of Popular Culture Narratives of Conquest in Sherman Alexie’s Fiction (criticism)
Responding through Writing 11 A Collection of Stories
Investigating a Variety of Vistas
*Flash Fiction
*ANN BEATTIE, Snow
*LYDIA DAVIS, What She Knew
*DAVE EGGERS, Accident
*RAY GONZÁLES, The Jalapeño Contest
JAMAICA KINCAID, Girl
*MICHAEL OPPENHEIMER, The Paring Knife *Two Short Story Pairings
JOHN STEINBECK, The Chrysanthemums
*CHITRA BANERJEE DIVAKARUNI, Clothes
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, Young Goodman Brown
*HA JIN, Saboteur
Stories for Further Reading
ISABEL ALLENDE, And of Clay Are We Created
JAMES BALDWIN, Sonny’s Blues
RAYMOND CARVER, What We Talk about When We Talk about Love
* JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, Nada
RALPH ELLISON, Battle Royal
GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ (COLUMBIA), A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
*LANGSTON HUGHES, Thank You Ma’am
ZORA NEALE HURSTON, Sweat
*BEL KAUFMAN, Sunday in the Park
*YIYUN LI, The Princess of Nebraska
TONI MORRISON, Recitatif
*BHARATI MUKHERJEE, The Management of Grief
HARUKI MURAKAMI (JAPAN), Birthday Girl
JOYCE CAROL OATES, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
TIM O’BRIEN, The Things they Carried
TILLIE OLSEN, I Stand Here Ironing
*Z Z PACKER, Brownies
EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Cask of Amontillado
KATHERINE ANNE PORTER, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
LESLIE MARMON SILKO, The Man to Send Rain Clouds
AMY TAN, Two Kinds
JOHN UPDIKE, A & P
HELENA MARÍA VIRAMONTES, The Moths PART 3 Approaching POETRY 12 Reading Poetry
Realizing the Richness in Poems
What Is Poetry?
Why Read Poetry?
Active Reading: Poetry
Rereading: Poetry
13 Words and Images
Seizing on Sense and Sight
Reading for Denotation
ROBERT HAYDEN, Those Winter Sundays
Reading for Connotation
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, The Bean Eaters
Reading for Images
MAXINE KUMIN, The Sound of Night
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, The Red Wheelbarrow
Further Reading
*RICHARD JONES, OED
*RON KOERTGE, Q and A
ALLISON JOSEPH, On Being Told I Don’t Speak like a Black Person
*NATASHA TRETHEWAY, History Lesson
ANITA ENDREZZE, The Girl Who Loved the Sky
*WENDELL BERRY, The Peace of Wild Things
*CATHY SONG, Heaven
Responding through Writing
14 Voice, Tone, and Sound
Hearing How Sense Is Said
Reading for Voice
LI-YOUNG LEE, Eating Alone
CHARLES BUKOWSKI, my old man
Reading a Dramatic Monologue
Reading for Tone
THEODORE ROETHKE, My Papa’s Waltz
Reading for Irony
MARGE PIERCY, Barbie Doll
Reading for Sound
TIPS for Reading Poems Aloud
SEKOU SUNDIATA, Blink Your Eyes
Further Reading
*GERALD STERN, The Dog
*JANE KENYON, A Boy Goes into the World
*PAT MORA, La Migra
WILFRED OWEN, Dulce et Decorum Est
YOSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It
ROBERT BROWNING, My Last Duchess
Responding through Writing 15 Figurative Language
Wondering What This Has to Do with That
Reading for Simile
*MARTÍN ESPADA, Latin Night at the Pawnshop
LANGSTON HUGHES, Harlem
Reading for Metaphor
DENNIS BRUTUS, Nightsong: City
Reading for Personification
ANGELINA EMILY GRIMKÉ, A Winter Twilight
Reading for Metonymy and Synecdoche
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON, Richard Cory
Two Other Observations about Figures
WILLIAM STAFFORD, Traveling through the Dark
Further Reading
*ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, The Eagle
*TED KOOSER, Student
*EMILY DICKINSON, It sifts from leaden sieves
MARY OLIVER, First Snow
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, Cold as Heaven
JULIA ALVAREZ, How I Learned to Sweep
Responding through Writing
Writing about Figurative Language
Writing about Connections
TIPS for Writing about Figurative Language
Writing Research Papers
16 Rhythm and Meter
Feeling the Beat, the Flux, and the Flow
Reading for Rhythm
E. E. CUMMINGS, Buffalo Bill’s
Reading for Meter
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, We Wear the Mask
Further Reading
LUCILLE CLIFTON, at the cemetery, walnut grove plantation, south carolina, 1989
LORNA DEE CERVANTES, Freeway 280
*SEAMUS HEANEY, Mid Term Break
ROBERT FROST, The Road Not Taken
GARY MIRANDA, Love Poem
A. K. RAMANUJAN, Self-Portrait
EMILY DICKINSON, I’m Nobody! Who are you?
SYLVIA PLATH, Metaphors
GEORGIA DOUGLAS JOHNSON, Wishes
Responding through Writing 17 Form and Type
Delighting in Design
Reading for Lines
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, We Real Cool
Reading for Stanzas
COUNTEE CULLEN, Incident
Reading Sonnets
English (or Shakespearean) Sonnet
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, That time of year thou mayst in me behold
Italian (or Petrarchan) Sonnet
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, God’s Grandeur
Reading Free Verse
LESLIE MARMON SILKO, Prayer to the Pacific
Reading for Internal Form
Further Reading
JAMES WRIGHT, A Blessing
JOY HARJO, She Had Some Horses
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS, The Lake Isle of Innisfree
CLAUDE MCKAY, If we must die
HELENE JOHNSON, Sonnet to a Negro in Harlem
*E. E. CUMMINGS, next to of course god america i
DAVID MURA, Grandfather-in-Law
ELIZABETH BISHOP, Sestina
JOHN YAU, Chinese Villanelle
Responding through Writing 18 Writing about Poetry
Applying What You’ve Learned, with a Student, Sunkyo Hong, on His Writing Process
* TIPS for Quoting Poetry
*Sample Short Paper
*Final Draft: “Experiencing ‘First Snow’” 19 A Poet in Personal Context – Judith Ortiz Cofer
Two Worlds, One Vision
*The Changeling (poem)
*The Birthplace (poem)
*On the Island I Have Seen (poem)
*The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica (poem)
*My Father in the Navy: A Childhood Memory (poem)
*First Job: The Southern Sweets Sandwich Shop and Bakery (poem)
*Silent Dancing (memoir)
*And Are You a Latina Writer? (essay in interview form)
*RAFAEL OCASIO, Speaking in Puerto Rican: An Interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer
*MARILYN KALLET, The art of not forgetting: an interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer
*LORRAINE M. LÓPEZ, Possibilities for Salsa Music in the Mainstream: An Interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer
*BRIDGET KEVANE AND JUANITA HEREDIA, The Poetic Truth: An Interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer
*Responding Through Writing
20 A Collection of Poems
Valuing a Variety of Vistas *A Dozen Very Short Poems
*ANONYMOUS, Western Wind
*MARGARET ATWOOD, you fit into me
*LUCILLE CLIFTON, adam and eve
*COUNTEE CULLEN, For a Lady I know
*LANCE HENSON, song in january
*RANDALL JARRELL, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
*DENISE LEVERTOV, Leaving Forever
*ARIANNE MOORE, Poetry
*DOROTHY PARKER, Résumé
*EZRA POUND, In a Station of the Metro
*MARY RUEFLE, Barbarians
*CARL SANDBURG, Fog A Variety of Poems for Further Reading
AI, Why Can't I Leave You?
AGHA SHAHID ALI, I Dream It Is Afternoon When I Return to Delhi
ANONYMOUS, Sir Patrick Spens
*A PAIRING OF POEMS
MARGARET ATWOOD, True Stories
RICHARD GARCIA, Why I Left the Church
W. H. AUDEN, Musée des Beaux Arts
JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA, Family Ties
JIM BARNES, Return to La Plata, Missouri
*OLGA BOUMAS, Cinderella
ELIZABETH BISHOP, In the Waiting Room
WILLIAM BLAKE, The Chimney Sweeper
EAVAN BOLAND, The Pomegranate
ANNE BRADSTREET, To My Dear and Loving Husband
STERLING A. BROWN, Riverbank Blues
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING, How do I love thee? Let me count the ways
*JO CARSON, I cannot remember all the times
*TINA CHANG, Naming the Light
*MARILYN CHIN, How I Got That Name
*LUCILLE CLIFTON, homage to my hips
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Kubla Khan
*BILLY COLLINS, I Chop Some Parsley While Listening to Art Blakey’s Version of “Three Blind Mice”
VICTOR HERNÁNDEZ CRUZ, Problems with Hurricanes
TOI DERRICOTTE, A Note on My Son’s Face
*TODD DAVIS, Accident
EMILY DICKINSON, I heard a Fly buzz
EMILY DICKINSON, Because I could not stop for death
*CHITRA BANERJEE DIVAKARUNI, Nargis’ Toilette
*JOHN DONNE, Break of Day
JOHN DONNE, Death, be not proud
MARK DOTY, Tiara
*RITA DOVE, Fifth Grade Autobiography
CORNELIUS EADY, My Mother, If She Had Won Free Dance Lessons
T. S. ELIOT, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
*GRAY EMERSON, The Indexer in Love
CAROLYN FORCHÉ, The Colonel
*VIEVEE FRANCIS, 1864, A Pocket Full of Rye
ROBERT FROST, After Apple-Picking
*ROBERT FROST, Birches
*A PAIRING OF POEMS
*ROBERT FROST, Design
DAVID HERNANDEZ, The Butterfly Effect *TESS GALLAGHER, The Hug
ALLEN GINSBERG, A Supermarket in California
NIKKI GIOVANNI, Nikka Rosa
*ARACELIS GIRMAY, Consider the Hands That Write This Letter
*DIANE GLANCY, Emmigrant
RAY GONZÁLEZ, Praise the Tortilla, Praise Menudo, Praise Chorizo
KIMIKO HAHN, Mother’s Mother
*THOMAS HARDY, The Man He Killed
MICHAEL S. HARPER, Nightmare Begins Responsibility
*TERRANCE HAYES, Talk
SAMUEL HAZO, For Fawzi in Jerusalem
GEORGE HERBERT, The Pulley
ROBERT HERRICK, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
*BOB HICOK, In the Loop
*JANE HIRSHFIELD, To Drink
*TONY HOAGLAND, History of Desire
*LINDA HOGAN, Crow Law
GARRETT KAORU HONGO, Yellow Light *A PAIRING OF POEMS
A. E. HOUSMAN, To an Athlete Dying Young
*QUINCY TROUPE, A Poem for “Magic”
LANGSTON HUGHES, The Negro Speaks of Rivers
*HONOREE FANONNE JEFFERS, Unidentified Female Student, Former Slave
BEN JONSON, On My First Son
A. VAN JORDAN, From
JOHN KEATS, Ode on a Grecian Urn
ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane
LI-YOUNG LEE, Visions and Interpretations
*DENISE LEVERTOV, Talking to Grief
PHILIP LEVINE, What Work Is
*LARRY LEVIS, The Poem You Asked For
AUDRE LORDE, Hanging Fire
RICHARD LOVELACE, To Lucasta, Going to the Wars
ROBERT LOWELL, Skunk Hour
HEATHER McHUGH, What He Thought
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
ANDREW MARVELL, To His Coy Mistress
JOHN MILTON, When I consider how my light is spent
MARIANNE MOORE, Poetry
*THYLIAS MOSS, Rush Hour
*MARILYN NELSON, Minor Miracle
LORINE NIEDECKER, My Life by Water
NAOMI SHIHAB NYE, The Small Vases from Hebron
*SHARON OLDS, I Go Back to May 1937
SIMON ORTIZ, Speaking
*LINDA PASTAN, love poem
ROBERT PINSKY, Shirt
SYLVIA PLATH, Daddy
DUDLEY RANDALL, Ballad of Birmingham
*HENRY REED, Naming of Parts
*ADRIENNE RICH, Rape
*JACK RIDL, First Cut
ALBERTO RÍOS, Nani
*LUIS RODRIGUEZ, Running to America
WENDY ROSE, Loo-Wit
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? *A PAIRING OF POEMS
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, Ozymandias
*PETER BLUE CLOUD, Crazy Horse Monument
CHARLES SIMIC, Classic Ballroom Dances
*GARY SOTO, Moving Away
EDMUND SPENSER, One day I wrote her name upon the strand
*WALLACE STEVENS, Anecdote of the Jar
MARK STRAND, Eating Poetry
VIRGIL SUÁREZ, Tea Leaves, Caracoles, Coffee Beans
*MAY SWENSON, The Sound of Death
*ARTHUR SZE, The Shapes of Leaves
*MARY TALLMOUNTAIN, Matmiya
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, Ulysses
DYLAN THOMAS, Do not go gentle into that good night
JEAN TOOMER, Face
JAMES WELCH, Christmas Comes to Moccasin Flat
*PATRICIA JABBEH WESLEY, There’s Nothing You can Do
ROBERTA HILL WHITEMAN, The White Land
WALT WHITMAN, From Song of Myself
RICHARD WILBUR, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
*NANCY WILLARD, Questions My Son Asked Me, Answers I Never Gave Him
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, Spring and All *A PAIRING OF POEMS
*WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, The world is too much with us
CHERYL SAVAGEAU, Bones—A City Poem WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS, The Second Coming
AL YOUNG, A Dance for Ma Rainy
RAY A. YOUNG BEAR, Green Threatening Clouds
*PAUL ZIMMER, Zimmer’s Head Thudding against the Blackboard PART 4 Approaching DRAMA 21 Reading Drama
Participating in Serious Play
Active Reading: Drama
Rereading: Drama 22 Character, Conflict, and Dramatic Action
Thinking about Who Does What to Whom and Why
KELLY STUART, The New New
Reading for Character
Reading for Dialogue
Reading for Conflict
Reading for Dramatic Action
Further Reading
*EDUARDO MACHADO, Crossing the Border
Responding through Writing 23 Setting and Structure
Examining Where, When, and How It Happens
Reading for Setting
SUSAN GLASPELL, Trifles
Reading for Structure
Compression and Contrast
Further Reading
*DON NIGRO, Letters from Quebec to Providence in the Rain
Responding through Writing 24 Writing about Drama
Applying What You’ve Learned, with a Student, Julian Hinson, on his Writing Process
TIPS for Quoting Drama
Sample Short Paper: “Out with the Old, in with the New: the Spin on Contemporary Values in The New New” 25 August Wilson’s Fences – A Casebook
Wrestling with One Writer’s Work
AUGUST WILSON, Fences
“Some people build fences to keep people out... and other people build fences to keep people in. Rose wants to hold onto you all.”
LLOYD RICHARDS, Fences: Director’s Introduction
CLIVE BARNES, Fiery Fences: A Review (criticism)
FRANK RICH, Family Ties in Wilson’s Fences: A Review (criticism)
BONNIE LYONS, An Interview with August Wilson
MILES MARSHALL LEWIS, Miles Marshall Lewis Talks with August Wilson
MISSY DEHN KUBITSCHEK, August Wilson’s Gender Lesson (criticism)
HARRY J. ELAM JR., August Wilson (criticism)
SUSAN KOPRINCE, Baseball as History and Myth in August Wilson’s Fences (criticism)
Responding through Writing 26 A Collection of Plays
Viewing from a Variety of Vantage Points *Four Ten-Minute Plays
DAVID IVES, Sure Thing
*MARK LAMBECK, Intervention
*SUZAN LORI-PARKS, Father Comes Home from the Wars
*JOYCE CAROL OATES, When I Was a Little Girl and My Mother Didn’t Want Me *Two Pairings of Plays
*EDWARD ALBEE, The Sandbox
DAVID HENRY HWANG, As the Crow Flies *TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, This Property Is Condemned
*MARCO RAMIREZ, I Am Not Batman Four Classic Plays
The Impact of Genre and Theater
The Greek Theater
SOPHOCLES, Antigone
Elizabethan Drama
*WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Othello
Post-Elizabethan Theaters
Late 18th- and 19th-Century Plays
HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll House
Twentieth-Century Theaters
*LORRAINE HANSBERRY, A Raisin in the Sun
Biographical Sketches
Appendix on Scansion
EMILY DICKINSON, I like to see it lap the miles
Reading Critical Essays
Approaching Critical Theory
Glossary of Literary Terms
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