Arabs and Young Turks

Arabs and Young Turksprovides a detailed study of Arab politics in the late Ottoman Empire as viewed from the imperial capital in Istanbul. In an analytical narrative of the Young Turk period (1908-1918) historian Hasan Kayali discusses Arab concerns on the one hand and the policies of the Ottoman government toward the Arabs on the other. Kayali's novel use of documents from the Ottoman archives, as well as Arabic sources and Western and Central European documents, enables him to reassess conventional wisdom on this complex subject and to present an original appraisal of proto-nationalist ideologies as the longest-living Middle Eastern dynasty headed for collapse. He demonstrates the persistence and resilience of the supranational ideology of Islamism which overshadowed Arab and Turkish ethnic nationalism in this crucial transition period. Kayali's study reaches back to the nineteenth century and highlights both continuity and change in Arab-Turkish relations from the reign of Abdulhamid II to the constitutional period ushered in by the revolution of 1908. Arabs and Young Turksis essential for an understanding of contemporary issues such as Islamist politics and the continuing crises of nationalism in the Middle East.

Acknowledgments
Note on Sources
Note on Transliteration
Introduction	p. 1
Arabs and Arab Provinces in the Evolution of the Young Turk Movement	p. 17
Tanzimat Centralization, Arabs, and Ottomanism	p. 18
The Constitution, Parliament, and Arab Representation	p. 25
The Hamidian Era: Continuity and Change	p. 30
The Young Turk Opposition and the Arabs	p. 38
The Second Constitutional Experiment, 1908-1909	p. 52
Crisis of Authority in the Capital and the Provinces	p. 56
The 1908 Revolution and the CUP in the Arab Provinces	p. 60
The 1908 Elections	p. 64
The Arab Parliamentary Contingent in the First Legislative Year	p. 67
The Counterrevolution	p. 72
Reform and Centralization	p. 75
The Opposition and the Arabs, 1910-1911	p. 81
"Turkification"	p. 82
Parliament: Arabs in Opposition Parties and Issues of Arab Concern	p. 96
Unrest in the Arab Provinces	p. 108
The Decentralist Challenge and a New "Arab Policy," 1912-1913	p. 116
The 1912 Elections	p. 116
The CUP's Broken Fortunes and Arabs	p. 122
The CUP Comeback	p. 130
Conclusion: Islamist Reinterpretation of Ottomanism	p. 141
A Case Study in Centralization: The Hijaz under Young Turk Rule, 1908-1914	p. 144
The Young Turk Revolution and the Hijaz	p. 145
The Grand Sharifate of Husayn Ibn Ali	p. 147
Extension of Ottoman Influence in the Hijaz	p. 154
Sharif Husayn's Campaigns	p. 161
Sharif Husayn's Struggle to Maintain His Authority	p. 165
The War Years, 1914-1918	p. 174
The Elections of 1914 and the Eclipse of the Reform Movement	p. 174
The Hijaz on the Eve of War	p. 181
The Arab Provinces and the Early Period of the War	p. 185
The Sharif Husayn-Istanbul Correspondence	p. 190
Syria under Cemal Pasha's Governorship	p. 192
The Arab Uprising and Istanbul's Response	p. 196
War, Politics, and Ideology	p. 200
The End of the Empire and Turkish-Arab Relations	p. 202
Conclusion	p. 207
Notes	p. 213
Bibliography	p. 263
Index	p. 277
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Arabs and Young Turks

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