Archetypes of Wisdom An Introduction to Philosophy (Clothbound with InfoTrac)

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ISBN: 9780534566593 | 0534566596
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/11/2000

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Philosophy doesn't need to be set in stone. ARCHETYPES OF WISDOM: AN INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY brings philosophy to life and sets you on a course to search for your own wisdom. With this philosophy textbook, you'll get the best readings from the best philosophers and the explanation you need to understand them. Plus with End-Of-Chapter self-testing questions and other review study tools, ARCHETYPES OF WISDOM: AN INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY is the one you need for the test, too.

Philosophy and the Search for Wisdom

(24)

What to Expect from This Book

(1)

Areas of Philosophy

(1)

Philosophical Archetypes

(2)

Are Philosophers Always Men?

(1)

Philosophy and the Search for Truth

(2)

``Isn't All This Just a Matter of Opinion?''

(2)

Wisdom, Knowledge, and Belief

(2)

Knowledge

(1)

Belief

(1)

Willed Ignorance

(1)

A Note about the Spirit of Philosophy

(7)

Summary of Main Points

(1)

Reflections

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

(1)

Overview of Classical Themes

(2)

Nature and Convention

(1)

Contemporary Lessons from the Past

(1)

The Search for Excellence

(1)

The Search for Happiness

(1)

The Asian Sage: Lao-tzu and Buddha

(36)

The Taoist Sage: Lao-tzu

(3)

The Way

(2)

People Cannot Stop Talking About It

(1)

The Way of Reversal

(2)

Prefer Yin to Yang

(2)

The Union of Relative Opposites

(1)

The Doctrine of Inaction

(4)

Doing Nothing

(3)

The Buddha

(2)

Siddhartha the Seeker

(1)

The Long Search

(1)

The Bodhisattva

(4)

The Death of the Buddha

(2)

Buddha's Philosophy Lab

(1)

Unsatisfactoriness

(2)

Karma

(1)

The Four Noble Truths

(1)

The Eightfold Path

(2)

Buddha Now

(1)

Buddha's Dharma Family

(1)

The Buddha's Legacy

(3)

Five Precepts

(1)

What The Buddha Did Not Explain

(1)

Commentary

(5)

Summary of Main Points

(1)

Reflections

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

(1)

The Presocratic Sophos

(21)

From Sophos to Philosopher

(1)

The Search for a Common Principle

(1)

Thales

(1)

Rational Discourse

(1)

The Problem of Change

(1)

Quality and Quantity

(1)

The One

(3)

Being and Change

(1)

The Many

(2)

Mind

(1)

Atoms and the Void

(3)

Reason and Necessity

(1)

Nature and Convention

(1)

The Logos

(2)

Appearance and Reality

(2)

War and Strife

(1)

Commentary

(3)

Summary of Main Points

(1)

Reflections

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

(1)

The Sophist: Protagoras

(20)

The Advent of Professional Educators

(1)

The Sophists

(3)

Power and Education

(1)

Relativism

(1)

Protagoras the Pragmatist

(4)

Moral Realism: Might Makes Right

(2)

The Doctrine of the Superior Individual

(1)

Commentary

(5)

Summary of Main Points

100

(1)

Reflections

100

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

101

(1)

The Wise Man: Socrates

102

(35)

The General Character of Socrates

104

(8)

The Ugliest Man in Athens

105

(2)

Barefoot in Athens

107

(1)

A Most Unusual Father and Husband

108

(1)

The Archetypal Individual

109

(3)

The Teacher and His Teachings

112

(1)

The Dialectic

113

(1)

Socratic Irony

113

(1)

Socrates at Work

114

(5)

Sophos versus Sophist

116

(3)

The Unexamined Life

119

(5)

Socratic Ignorance

120

(2)

The Power of Human Wisdom

122

(2)

The Physician of the Soul

124

(4)

No One Knowingly Does Evil

125

(1)

Virtue Is Wisdom

126

(2)

The Trial and Death of Socrates

128

(5)

The Death of Socrates

130

(3)

Commentary

133

(4)

Summary of Main Points

135

(1)

Reflections

135

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

136

(1)

The Philosopher-King: Plato

137

(35)

Plato's Life and Work

139

(5)

The Decline of the Aristocracy

140

(2)

Plato's Disillusionment

142

(1)

The Academy

143

(1)

Plato's Epistemology

144

(1)

Plato's Dualistic Solution

145

(1)

Knowledge and Being

145

(1)

The Theory of Forms

146

(5)

What Are Forms?

146

(2)

Why Plato Needed the Forms

148

(1)

Knowledge and Opinion

149

(1)

What Happens When We Disagree?

150

(1)

The Divided Line

151

(3)

Levels of Awareness

152

(2)

The Simile of the Sun

154

(1)

The Allegory of the Cave

155

(3)

The Rule of the Wise

158

(1)

The Republic

159

(5)

The Search for Justice

160

(1)

Function and Happiness

161

(1)

The Ideal State

161

(1)

The Parts of the Soul

162

(1)

The Cardinal Virtues

163

(1)

Societies and Individuals

164

(4)

The Origin of Democracy

164

(2)

The Pendulum of Imbalance

166

(2)

The Tyranny of Excess

168

(1)

Commentary

168

(4)

Summary of Main Points

170

(1)

Reflections

171

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

171

(1)

The Naturalist: Aristotle

172

(30)

Works

174

(1)

Aristotle's Life

174

(1)

The Lyceum

175

(2)

The Naturalist

177

(1)

Natural Changes

178

(3)

Form

178

(1)

Matter

179

(1)

Change

180

(1)

Aristotle's Hierarchy of Explanations

181

(1)

The Four Causes

182

(3)

Material Cause

182

(1)

Formal Cause

183

(1)

Efficient Cause

184

(1)

Final Cause

184

(1)

Entelechy

185

(1)

Psyche as Entelechy

185

(2)

The Hierarchy of Souls

186

(1)

Natural Happiness

187

(6)

The Good

188

(1)

Teleological Thinking

188

(2)

The Science of the Good

190

(1)

Eudaimonia

191

(1)

The Good Life Is a Process

192

(1)

Hitting the Mark

193

(5)

The Principle of the Mean

194

(1)

Character and Habit

195

(1)

Application of the Mean

196

(2)

Commentary

198

(4)

Summary of Main Points

200

(1)

Reflections

200

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

201

(1)

The Stoic: Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius

202

(31)

The Cynical Origins of Stoicism

205

(2)

The Slave and the Emperor

207

(2)

Epictetus: From Slave to Sage

208

(1)

Marcus Aurelius: Philosopher-King

209

(1)

The Fated Life

210

(5)

The Stoic Logos

211

(2)

The Disinterested Rational Will

213

(2)

Stoic Wisdom

215

(9)

Control versus Influence

216

(1)

Some Things Are Not in Our Control

217

(1)

Some Things Are in Our Control

218

(1)

Relationships

219

(3)

Everything Has a Price

222

(1)

Suffering and Courage

222

(2)

Stoicism Today

224

(5)

Reality Therapy: William Glasser

225

(1)

Rational-Emotive Therapy: Albert Ellis

225

(1)

Logotherapy: Viktor E. Frankl

226

(1)

Epictetus in Vietnam

227

(2)

Commentary

229

(4)

Summary of Main Points

231

(1)

Reflections

232

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

232

(1)

The Scholar: Thomas Aquinas

233

(34)

The God-Centered Universe

235

(3)

The Seeds of Change

236

(1)

The Need to Reconcile Faith and Reason

237

(1)

The Life of Thomas Aquinas

238

(4)

The Dominican

239

(1)

The University of Paris

239

(1)

Albertus Magnus: The Universal Teacher

240

(2)

The Task of the Scholar

242

(1)

The Wisdom of the Scholar

242

(2)

Why Do People Argue About Spiritual Matters?

244

(1)

God and Natural Reason

244

(1)

Proving the Existence of God

245

(6)

The First Way: Motion

246

(1)

The Second Way: Cause

246

(1)

The Third Way: Necessity

247

(2)

The Fourth Way: Degree

249

(1)

The Fifth Way: Design

250

(1)

Commentary on the Five Ways

251

(3)

Complications for Natural Theology

254

(3)

The Problem of Evil

254

(3)

Commentary

257

(4)

Summary of Main Points

258

(1)

Reflections

259

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

259

(1)

Overview of Modern Themes

260

(1)

Reason, Reformation, and Revolution

261

(6)

The Reformation

261

(2)

The Copernican Revolution

263

(3)

Where Are We, Then?

266

(1)

The Rationalist: Rene Descartes

267

(27)

The Problem of Authority

268

(1)

Rene Descartes: The Solitary Intellect

269

(2)

Rationalism

271

(2)

Against Disorganized Thinking

271

(2)

The Method of Doubt

273

(5)

The Cartesian ``I'' and Methodic Doubt

275

(1)

Standard of Truth

276

(1)

Innate Ideas

277

(1)

The Cartesian Genesis

278

(5)

The Doubting Self

278

(1)

Maybe It's All a Dream?

279

(1)

The Evil Genius

280

(1)

Cogito, ergo sum

281

(2)

The Innate Idea of God

283

(5)

The Perfect Idea of Perfection

283

(2)

Descartes' Ontological Argument

285

(2)

Reconstructing the World

287

(1)

The Cartesian Bridge

288

(3)

Cartesian Dualism

288

(1)

The Mind-Body Problem

289

(2)

Commentary

291

(3)

Summary of Main Points

292

(1)

Reflections

293

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

293

(1)

The Skeptic: David Hume

294

(36)

John Locke

297

(6)

Experience Is the Origin of All Ideas

298

(1)

Locke's Rejection of Innate Ideas

299

(1)

Locke's Dualism

300

(1)

Primary and Secondary Qualities

301

(1)

Locke's Egocentric Predicament

302

(1)

George Berkeley

303

(3)

David Hume: The Scottish Skeptic

306

(4)

The Skeptical Masterpiece

307

(1)

An Honest Man

308

(2)

Hume's Skeptical Empiricism

310

(5)

Impressions and Ideas

311

(1)

The Empirical Criterion of Meaning

311

(1)

The Self

312

(2)

Personal Immortality

314

(1)

The Limits of Reason

315

(1)

The Limits of Science

316

(2)

The Limits of Theology

318

(2)

The Limits of Ethics

320

(5)

The Facts, Just the Facts

322

(1)

Moral Sentiments

323

(1)

Rejection of Egoism

324

(1)

Commentary

325

(5)

Summary of Main Points

328

(1)

Reflections

329

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

329

(1)

The Universalist: Immanuel Kant

330

(29)

The Professor

332

(3)

The Solitary Writer

333

(2)

A Scandal in Philosophy

335

(2)

Kant's Copernican Revolution

337

(7)

Critical Philosophy

339

(1)

Phenomena and Noumena

340

(1)

Transcendental Ideas

340

(2)

The Objectivity of Experience

342

(2)

The Metaphysics of Morals

344

(4)

Practical Reason

344

(1)

The Moral Law Within

345

(1)

The Good Will

346

(1)

Inclinations, Wishes, Acts of Will

347

(1)

Moral Duty

348

(7)

Hypothetical Imperatives

349

(1)

The Categorical Imperative

350

(3)

The Kingdom of Ends

353

(2)

Commentary

355

(4)

Summary of Main Points

357

(1)

Reflections

358

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

358

(1)

The Utilitarian: John Stuart Mill

359

(30)

Unrefined Hedonism

361

(2)

The Meaning of Life Is Pleasure

361

(1)

Knowledge and Pleasure

362

(1)

Epicurean Hedonism

363

(2)

The Garden of Epicurus

364

(1)

Quality versus Quantity

364

(1)

Social Hedonism

365

(2)

Philosophy and Social Reform

367

(1)

The Principle of Utility

368

(3)

The Hedonic Calculus

369

(1)

The Egoistic Foundation of Social Concern

370

(1)

John Stuart Mill

371

(4)

Mill's Crisis

372

(1)

Redemption and Balance

373

(2)

Refined Utilitarianism

375

(4)

Higher Pleasures

377

(1)

Lower Pleasures

377

(2)

Altruism and Happiness

379

(3)

Utilitarian Social Logic

381

(1)

Happiness and Mere Contentment

382

(1)

Mill's Persistent Optimism

382

(2)

Commentary

384

(5)

Summary of Main Points

387

(1)

Reflections

387

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

388

(1)

The Materialist: Karl Marx

389

(33)

The Prophet

391

(5)

Marx's Hegelian Roots

391

(1)

Other Influences

392

(1)

The Wanderer

393

(2)

Friedrich Engels

395

(1)

Vindication

395

(1)

Dialectical Materialism

396

(6)

Mystification and Materialism

398

(2)

Economic Determinism

400

(2)

Critique of Capitalism

402

(6)

The Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat

402

(3)

Co-Option

405

(1)

Class Struggle

406

(1)

Seeds of Destruction

407

(1)

Alienation

408

(4)

Psychic Alienation

410

(1)

Species-Life

411

(1)

Commentary

412

(5)

Summary of Main Points

414

(1)

Reflections

415

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

415

(1)

Overview of Postmodern Themes

416

(1)

What Is Philosophy (continued)?

417

(1)

Of Metaphors and Margins

418

(1)

Is Objectivity Possible?

419

(1)

Is Objectivity Desirable?

420

(2)

The Existentialists: Søren Kierkegaard and Jean-Paul Sartre

422

(33)

Existentialism Was Bound to Happen

424

(1)

Søren Kierkegaard

425

(4)

The Family Curse

425

(1)

The Universal Formula

426

(2)

The Christian

428

(1)

That Individual

429

(1)

Truth as Subjectivity

429

(8)

Objectivity as Untruth

432

(1)

The Present Age

433

(1)

An Age of Virtual Equality

434

(3)

Sartre and the Age of Forlornness

437

(1)

Jean-Paul Sartre

438

(3)

Nausea

439

(1)

Existence Is Absurd

440

(1)

The Celebrity Philosopher

440

(1)

Freedom and Anguish

441

(10)

Forlornness

442

(2)

Condemned to Be Free

444

(2)

Anguish

446

(2)

Despair

448

(2)

Optimistic Toughness

450

(1)

Commentary

451

(4)

Summary of Main Points

453

(1)

Reflections

454

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

454

(1)

The Anti-Philosopher: Friedrich Nietzsche

455

(33)

The Outsider

458

(6)

Beyond the Academy

459

(1)

Tragic Optimism

460

(1)

Zarathustra Speaks

460

(3)

The Last Philosopher

463

(1)

Truth Is a Matter of Perspective

464

(1)

Attack on Objectivity

465

(1)

The Will to Power

466

(1)

The Diseases of Modernity

467

(5)

The Problem of Morality

468

(1)

The Problem of Being Moralistic

469

(1)

The Problem of Utilitarianism

470

(1)

The Problem of Altruism

470

(1)

The Problem of Generalized Accounts

471

(1)

God Is Dead

472

(1)

Nihilism

473

(1)

Overman

474

(1)

Slave Morality

475

(4)

Ressentiment

477

(2)

Master Morality

479

(3)

The Eternal Recurrence

482

(2)

Amor Fati

484

(1)

Commentary

484

(4)

Summary of Main Points

486

(1)

Reflections

487

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

487

(1)

The Pragmatist: William James

488

(31)

An American Original

490

(4)

The Education of a Philosopher

490

(2)

The Philosopher as Hero

492

(1)

The Philosopher as Advocate

493

(1)

Charles Sanders Peirce

494

(2)

Peirce's ``Pragmaticism''

494

(1)

Pragmatic Theory of Meaning

495

(1)

Pragmatism

496

(12)

Pragmatic Method and Philosophy

496

(2)

The Temper of Belief

498

(2)

The Will to Believe

500

(1)

Truth Happens to an Idea

501

(2)

The Dilemma of Determinism

503

(1)

The Inner Sense of Freedom

504

(2)

Morality and the Good

506

(1)

The Heroic Life

507

(1)

Pragmatic Religion

508

(4)

A Religious Dilemma

509

(1)

Ultramarginal Life

510

(2)

Truth Is Always Personal

512

(2)

Danger Signs

513

(1)

Commentary

514

(5)

Summary of Main Points

517

(1)

Reflections

518

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

518

(1)

Philosophy as a Way of Life

519

(30)

Public and Private Philosophy

522

(2)

Can Wisdom Be Generalized?

522

(2)

The Masculinization of Thought

524

(2)

From Cosmos To Machine

524

(2)

A Masculine Theory of Justice

526

(3)

What About Family Justice?

527

(2)

The Reemergence of Other Voices

529

(2)

Philosophizing in a Different Voice

529

(2)

Public Philosophers

531

(1)

Martha C. Nussbaum: ``Lawyer for Humanity''

532

(1)

Martin Luther King, Jr.: Philosophic Activist

533

(5)

Character Is Destiny

535

(1)

The Value of Moral Tension

536

(2)

Peter Singer: ``The Dangerous Philosopher''

538

(3)

The Singer Solution to World Poverty

539

(2)

A Vision for You

541

(1)

Philosophy as a Way of Life

542

(2)

Let Philosophy Touch Your Heart

544

(1)

A Message From Epictetus

545

(1)

Commentary

545

(4)

Summary of Main Points

546

(1)

Reflections

547

(1)

Philosophy Internet Resources

547

(2)

Notes

549

(12)

Glossary

561

(10)

Bibliography of Interesting Sources

571

(6)

Credits

577

(2)

Index of Margin Quotes

579

(2)

Index

581

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Archetypes of Wisdom An Introduction to Philosophy (Clothbound with InfoTrac)

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials