Art and Design Fundamentals Complete

Written for visual learners, Art and Design Fundamentals offers thorough yet succinct coverage of both traditional topics and new technologies. Details are crucial to Art and Design Fundamentals; diverse visual examples highlight new perspectives, encourage cultural awareness, and support an equal emphasis on male and female artists. Students and professors alike will appreciate its logical organization, recommended projects, and resources that encourage detailed image analysis and illustrate how art and design principles and elements work together. Art and Design Fundamentals' robust suite of digital resources and wealth of projects help students hone the skills they need to produce exceptional work in a dynamic field.

*NOTE: This text is available in two versions. For courses that focus on two-dimensional design, Oxford publishes a separate, briefer version of this text, entitled Art and Design Fundamentals: 2D and Color (enhanced e-book ISBN 978-0-19-753711-4 / softcover ISBN 978-0-19-063268-7). For coverage of 3D and 4D design, Oxford publishes a separate, more comprehensive version of this text that includes a Part Four: Three-Dimensional Design and Beyond. Check out Art and Design Fundamentals (enhanced e-book ISBN 978-0-19-063267-0 / softcover ISBN 978-0-19-063260-1).

Steven Bleicher is a Professor of Visual Arts at Coastal Carolina University.

*NOTE: This text is available in two versions. Chapters marked with an asterisk appear in both the comprehensive Art and Design Fundamentals (enhanced e-book ISBN 978-0-19-063267-0 / softcover ISBN 978-0-19-063260-1) and briefer Art and Design Fundamentals: 2D and Color (enhanced e-book ISBN
978-0-19-753711-4 / softcover ISBN 978-0-19-063268-7). Part Four: Three-Dimensional Design and Beyond appears only in the more comprehensive volume, Art and Design Fundamentals (enhanced e-book ISBN 978-0-19-063267-0 / softcover ISBN 978-0-19-063260-1).


Brief Contents

Preface
Introduction: Art and Design Today
Part One: Process and Principles*
1 Thinking, Meaning, and Creativity*
2 The Design Process*
3 Perception, Composition, and the Principles of Design*
Part Two: The Elements of Two-Dimensional Design*
4 Line*
5 Shape*
6 Texture*
7 Value*
8 Space*
9 Motion*
Part Three: Color*
10 Color*
11 Digital Color*
Part Four: Three-Dimensional Design and Beyond - available only in Art and Design Fundamentals
12 Thinking in Three Dimensions
13 Three-Dimensional Elements and Principles
14 Methods of Construction
15 New Forms of Art and Design
16 Four-Dimensional Art and Design
Glossary
References
Index


Detailed Contents

Preface
Introduction: Art and Design Today

Part One: Process and Principles

1 Thinking, Meaning, and Creativity
Looking Ahead
Thinking Creatively
Seven Principles of Creative Thinking
Approaches to Thinking Creatively
Conceptual Thinking
Lateral Thinking
Questioning Assumptions
New Perspectives: David Hammons's Basketball Drawings
Finding Inspiration
Creating Meaning
Perception and Meaning
Modernism and Postmodernism
Postmodernism and Contemporary Contexts
Thinking Critically: A Framework
Form and Content
Global Connections: Benin Sculpture
Form and Function
Subject and Content
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary

2 The Design Process
Looking Ahead
Problem Solving
Getting Started
Identify the Criteria
Investigate the Person, Object, or Topic
Evaluate the Context
Audience
Purpose
Media and Materials
Tone
New Perspectives: Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
Generating Ideas
Free Association
Brainstorming
Mind Mapping
Role Playing
What If?
Talk to a Friend
Jump Right In
Drawing and Visual Ideation
Creating and Revising Your Work
Global Connections: The Expanding Thought Process of Shahzia Sikander
Evaluating Your Work: The Critique
Ground Rules for Group Critiques
Approaches to the Critique
Descriptive Analysis
Formal Analysis
Comparative Analysis
Accountability
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


3 Perception, Composition, and the Principles of Design
Looking Ahead
Perception
Gestalt
Visual and Conceptual Perception
Starting Points for Composition
Visual Orientation
Open and Closed Composition
How Viewers Read a Page
Concept and Point of View
Principles of Design
Balance
Global Connections: Symmetry and Meaning in Native American and Tibetan Art
Scale and Proportion
Emphasis
Isolation
Contrast
Placement
New Perspectives: Katharina Grosse's Site-Specific Installation Cincy
Unity and Variety
Proximity
Rhythm and Repetition
Pattern
The Grid
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


Part Two: The Elements of Two-Dimensional Design

4 Line
Looking Ahead
Line Defined
Characteristics of Line
Measure
Direction
Character
Line Quality
Types of Line
Contour Line
Gestural Line
Global Connections: Calligraphy
Decorative Line
Implied Line
New Perspectives: Jochem Hendricks's Eye-Drawings
Using Line
Generating Shapes
Creating Texture
Creating Value
Establishing Space
Suggesting Movement
Conveying Symbolic Meaning
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


5 Shape
Looking Ahead
Shape Defined
Characteristics of Shape
Contour
New Perspectives: Kara Walker's Silhouettes
Two-Dimensionality
Types of Shape
Representational Shapes
Non-Representational Shapes
Abstract Shapes
Decorative Shapes
Positive and Negative Shapes
Actual and Implied Shapes
Using Shape
Unifying a Composition
Conveying Symbolic Meaning
Global Connections: National Symbols
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


6 Texture
Looking Ahead
Texture Defined
Characteristics of Texture
Types of Texture
Actual Textures
Global Connections: Evocative Textures in Aboriginal Dreamtime Paintings
Simulated Textures
Invented Textures
Using Texture
Creating Patterns
New Perspectives: Willie Cole's Sunflowe
Establishing Depth and Space
Tactile Evocation
Art for the Visually Impaired
Type as Textural Element
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


7 Value
Looking Ahead
Value Defined
Local and Relative Value
Value Scales
Characteristics of Value
Types of Value
High-Key Values
Low-Key Values
Global Connections: Maria Martinez's Jar
Continuous Values
High Contrast (Chiaroscuro)
Using Value
Open-Value vs Closed-Value Compositions
Establishing Depth and Space
Simulating Volume
Techniques for Creating Value
Shading
Stippling
Hatching and Cross-Hatching
New Perspectives: Kate Kretz's Grace and Shame
Medium and Value
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


8 Space
Looking Ahead
Space Defined
Characteristics of Space
_{Linear Perspective}
One-Point Perspective
Two-Point Perspective
Three-Point Perspective
Multiple Perspectives
Isometric Perspective
Atmospheric Perspective
Amplified Perspective
Global Connections: Hierarchical Space in Ancient Egyptian Art
Types of Space
Illusionistic Space
Cubist Space
Psychological Space
Decorative Space
Virtual Space
New Perspectives: The Virtual World of Char Davies' Ephémère
Using Space
Overlapping
Relative Size and Proximity
Vertical Location
Transparency
Symbolic Use of Space: Maps
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


9 Motion
Looking Ahead
Motion Defined
Characteristics of Motion
Linear Formats/Narrative
New Perspectives: Graphic Novelist Faith Erin Hicks, Zombies Calling
Nonlinear Formats/Non-Narrative
Types of Motion
Implied Motion
Optical Illusions
Using Motion
Diagonals
Lines of Force
Stop Motion
Motion Blur
Multiple Images
Global Connections: Multiple Images and Storytelling in Inuit Carvings: Bear and Caribou
Cropping and Placement
Foreshortening
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


Part Three: Color

10 Color
Looking Ahead
Color Defined
Characteristics of Color
Hue
Value
Saturation
Types of Color
Additive Color
Subtractive Color
Using Color
The Color Wheel
Color Schemes
Global Connections: The Artwork of Richmond Ackam
Monochromatic Colors
Analogous Colors
Complements
Split Complements
Neutrals
Chromatic Gray
Triads
Disharmony
Color Interactions
Successive Contrast
Simultaneous Contrast
The Bezold Effect
Warm and Cold Colors
Working with Color
Color and Contrast
Color and Balance
Color and Space
Color and Meaning
Innate and Learned Responses
New Perspectives: Portia Munson's Pink Project
Color Psychology and Design
Language and Emotion
Expressionism
Culture
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


11 Digital Color
Looking Ahead
Digital Color Defined
Characteristics of Digital Color
Color Space
Color Depth
Viewing Digital Color
Digital Color on a Monitor
Digital Color in Print
Digital Color in 3D
Using Digital Color
Vector-based and Raster-based Programs
Global Connections: Typefaces Inspired by African Writing Systems
Digital Color Selection
Digital Color Management
Digital Color Presentation
New Perspectives: David Hockney's Fresh Flowers
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


Part Four: Three-Dimensional Design and Beyond - available only in Art and Design Fundamentals

12 Thinking in Three Dimensions
Looking Ahead
Three-Dimensional Art and Design Defined
Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Art and Design
Mass and Volume
Positive and Negative Space
Light and Value
Types of Three-Dimensional Art and Design
Relief
New Perspectives: Tin Ly's Three-Dimensional "Paintings"
High Relief
Freestanding Works
Permanent and Impermanent Works
Global Connections: Temporal Art in Igbo Mbari Figures
Virtual Works
Using Three Dimensions in Art and Design
Ergonomics
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


13 Three-Dimensional Design Elements and Principles
Looking Ahead
Perception and Composition
Three-Dimensional Design Elements
Plane
Color
Global Connections: Totem Poles and Memorial Poles
Natural Color
Colorants
Enhancing Dimensionality Using Color
Flattening Using Color
Texture
Motion
Three-Dimensional Design Principles
Scale and Proportion
New Perspectives: Eric Fischl's Tumbling Woman
Emphasis
Contrast
Placement
Isolation
Balance
Unity and Variety
Rhythm and Repetition
Pattern
The Grid
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


14 Methods of Construction
Looking Ahead
Subtraction Method
Wood Carving
Stone Carving
Addition Method
Clay Modeling
Polymer-Clay Modeling
Plaster, Wax, and Cement Modeling
Substitution Method
Waste Molds
Flexible Molds
Lost Wax Process
Assemblage and Construction
Metal Fabrication
Mixed Media
Found Objects
Global Connections: Kongo Power Figures
New Perspectives: Mixed Media Artist Mimi Shapiro's Altered Book
Hybrid Works
Digitally Constructed Design
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


15 New Forms of Art and Design
Looking Ahead
Conceptual Art
Installations
Memorials
Global Connections: Native American Mound Builders
Earthworks
Body Art
New Perspectives: Graphic Designer Stephan Sagmeister's AIGA Detroit Poster
Postmodern Elements
Sound
Smell
Taste
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


16 Four-Dimensional Art and Design
Looking Ahead
Four-Dimensional Art and Design Defined
Global Connections: Toshiharu Umeya's Kites
Characteristics of Four-Dimensional Art and Design
Duration
Tempo
Intensity
Transition
Types of Four-Dimensional Art and Design
Linear Time
Non-linear Time
Real Time
Using Four-Dimensions in Art and Design
Performance Art
New Perspectives: Performance Artist in Marina Abramovic's The Artist is Present
Film and Video
Animation
Digital Art and Video Games
Action Games
Role Playing Games (RPGs)
Think About It
In the Studio
Visual Vocabulary


Glossary
Index