Australian Beach Cultures: The History of

Australians are surrounded by beaches. But this enclosure is more than a geographical fact for the inhabitants of an island continent; the beach is an integral part of the cultural envelope. This work analyzes the history of the beach as an integral aspect of Australian culture.

Douglas Booth teaches history at the University of Otago, New Zealand.

List of Illustrations

ix

Acknowledgements

xi

Abbreviations

xii

Measurements and Units

xiii

Series Editor's Foreword

xv

Preface

xvii

Beaches, Bathers and Bodies

1

(21)

The Beach as Culture

3

(3)

Beach Cultures

6

(2)

Culture and the Body

8

(6)

Prestige and the Body

14

(2)

Synopsis

16

(6)

Mrs Grundy and Daylight Bathers

22

(19)

Ascetic Traditions and Clothed Bathing

22

(7)

The Battle for Daylight Bathing

29

(3)

Mixed Bathing

32

(4)

Surfing

36

(5)

Undressed Bathers

41

(24)

Tanned, Healthy Bathers and the `Skirt' Protests

42

(3)

Backless Costumes and Trunks

45

(3)

Bikini Mayhem

48

(4)

The Sexual Revolution

52

(3)

Nudity on the Margins

55

(4)

Reef Beach: Redefining the Moral Terrain

59

(4)

New Nude Beaches

63

(2)

Valorous Surf Lifesavers?

65

(19)

The Economics of Surfbathing

67

(4)

Humane Directions ... and Dilemmas

71

(5)

From Saviours to Auxiliaries

76

(4)

Lifesaving's Darker Side

80

(4)

Hedonistic Surfers

84

(23)

Early Surfing Philosophy

84

(7)

Surfing: The Cultural Context

91

(6)

The Lifesaving Movement and Surfing

97

(3)

Surfing Styles

100

(7)

Subversive Soul-surfers

107

(17)

Troublemakers on the Beach?

107

(2)

War and Peace

109

(3)

Counterculture, the New Era and Soul-surfing

112

(6)

Baywatch, Black Shirts and White Shorts

118

(6)

Managing Surfers: The Professional Era

124

(18)

Grand Prix Politics

125

(8)

Gendered Politics

133

(3)

Marketing Male Surfers

136

(3)

Managing Athletic and Feminine Surfers

139

(3)

Managing Iron Men and Iron Women: The Professional Era

142

(20)

Mates, `Pogs' and Saviours

142

(7)

A Sporting Problem

149

(3)

Professional Sport: Raising the Heat

152

(10)

The End of the Beach?

162

(23)

Class, Pollution and the New Promenade

162

(6)

Mrs Grundy and the Moral Cover Up

168

(2)

The Abrasive Generation

170

(5)

Wahines and Commercializing the Culture of Irreverence

175

(6)

Lifeguards: The Death of a Culture

181

(4)

Notes

185

(48)

Bibliography

233

(16)

Index

249

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Australian Beach Cultures: The History of Sun, Sand and Surf

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials