Becoming Adult How Teenagers Prepare For The

The best-selling author of "Flow" and an award-winning sociologist draw on a unique longitudinal study to reveal how adolescents develop attitudes, skills, and expectations about their adult careers.

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi is professor of psychology and education at the University of Chicago. He is the author of a number of books, including the bestselling Flow, The Evolving Self, Creativity, and Being Adolescent. Barbara Schneider is co-director of the Alfred P. Sloan Center on Parents, Children, and Work, and is professor of sociology at the University of Chicago. She has co-authored a number of books including The Ambitious Generation and Transforming Schools.

List of Tables

ix

List of Figures

xi

Acknowledgments

xiii

Preface

xv

PART ONE ADOLESCENT VIEWS OF WORK

The Evolving Nature of Work

3

(18)

Images and Expectations of Work

6

(7)

Preparing Teenagers for Work

13

(8)

The Design of the Study: Sample and Procedures

21

(18)

Sample Selection: Sites and Schools

22

(1)

School Types

23

(2)

Student Selection

25

(2)

Instruments

27

(6)

Data Collection

33

(1)

Base-Year Findings

34

(5)

Envisioning the Future

39

(28)

Expectations of the Future

40

(4)

Expectations for Specific Careers

44

(4)

Occupational Values

48

(3)

Learning About Future Careers

51

(5)

Work-Related Motivations and Future Orientation

56

(4)

The Good News

60

(1)

The Not-So-Good News

61

(6)

PART TWO LEARNING TO WORK

Images of Work and Play

67

(28)

What's Work, What's Play?

69

(6)

What Activities Are Perceived As Like Both Work and Play?

75

(2)

Activities That Are Neither Work Nor Play

77

(3)

``Workers'' and ``Players''

80

(7)

Teenagers' Experience in Paid Employment

87

(5)

The Conundrum of Work in Adolescence

92

(3)

Learning to Like Challenges

95

(18)

The Relationship Between Enjoyment and Challenges: The Flow Model

96

(3)

Flow and the Quality of Experience

99

(12)

The Variety of Challenges in Adolescence

111

(2)

Families and the Forming of Children's Occupational Future

113

(28)

Measuring Support and Challenge

116

(1)

The Relation of Family Context to Adolescent Attitudes and Experiences

117

(2)

Family Context and School Outcomes

119

(9)

Narratives of Family Life

128

(10)

Parenting and Adolescent Development

138

(3)

The Quality of Classroom Experiences

141

(26)

Where Do Students Spend Their Time in School?

142

(3)

How Students Experience Different Classroom Activities

145

(3)

When Optimal Learning Experiences Occur in Class

148

(1)

What Do Students Think About in Class?

149

(1)

Student Experiences in Different School Subjects

150

(4)

What Students Say About School Subjects in Relation to Their Future

154

(3)

How Classroom Experiences Differ by Ability Placement

157

(1)

Individual Differences: Who Experiences Flow in Class

158

(4)

What Is Missing in Academic Classes?

162

(5)

PART THREE TRANSITIONING FROM HIGH SCHOOL

Guiding Students into the Future: Three Schools of Thoughts

167

(32)

Opportunity Structures in High Schools: A Function of Resources

168

(5)

Middle Brook High School: A Tradition of Educating

173

(7)

Del Vista High School: Everyone Can Succeed

180

(7)

Grove High School: School as a Road to Work

187

(9)

Three High Schools-Three Schools of Thought

196

(3)

Paths After High School

199

(14)

Background Characteristics and Paths After High School

202

(2)

The Impact of School Experiences

204

(4)

What Determines the Paths Taken After High School

208

(5)

Making the Transition to Adulthood

213

(24)

Personal Strengths for a Productive Adulthood

215

(10)

Social Supports for a Productive Adulthood

225

(8)

Implications for Educational Policy

233

(4)

Appendix A. Site Descriptions

237

(4)

Appendix B. Instruments

241

(2)

Appendix C. Variable List

243

(14)

Notes

257

(14)

References

271

(8)

Index

279

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Becoming Adult How Teenagers Prepare For The World Of Work

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials