Bending the Arc of Innovation Public Support of R&D in Small, Entrepreneurial Firms

In this exciting work, Link and Scott summarize more than a decade of their research on public support of R&D in small, entrepreneurial firms, concluding public R&D investments, primarily funded by the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, are indeed bending the arc of innovation. Firms that receive SBIR project funding would not undertake the projects in the absence of SBIR's support. SBIR support has had a positive impact on the employment trajectory of firms and their ability to commercialize innovations.

Bending the Arc of Innovation offers a theoretical model of the effects of the SBIR program. Link and Scott demonstrate that with SBIR support of R&D often comes contractual commercial agreements with other firms to sell the rights to the technology generated by the public support. These agreements between another firm and a small firm with a SBIR-award enable an effective transfer of knowledge created with the small firm's publicly-supported research. Both parties to the agreement have better access to the knowledge resources of the other. Link and Scott show how these agreements allow the dedication of resources and organizational efforts necessary for the commercially successful access to and use of external knowledge.

Albert N. Link is Professor of economics at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG). He received the B.S. degree in mathematics from the University of Richmond and the Ph.D. degree in economics from Tulane University. His research is in the areas of the economics of R&D, technological change, and innovation policy. Recently, he completed a five-year term as the U.S. Representative to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), Team of Specialists on Innovation and Competitiveness Policies Initiative. He is currently Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Technology Transfer (Springer). He is also editor of this Palgrave series.

John T. Scott received the Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University and the A.B. in Economics and English from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He holds the position of Professor of Economics at Dartmouth College. His research is in the areas of industrial organization and the economics of technological change. He served as the President of the Industrial Organization Society and as an Associate Editor, and he has been a member of several editorial boards.

1. Introduction
2. Market Failure and Public Support of R&D
3. The Productivity Slowdown in the United States
4. An Emphasis on Small, Entrepreneurial Firms
5. The SBIR Program
6. The Economic Role of the SBIR Program
7. The National Research Council Database
8. Studies Conducted Using the National Research Council Database
9. Toward an Evaluation of the SBIR Program
10. Concluding Observations about Public Support of R&D in Small, Entrepreneurial Firms
References
Appendices