Bio- and Bioinspired Nanomaterials

A comprehensive overview of nanomaterials that are inspired by or targeted at biology, including some of the latest breakthrough research. Throughout, valuable contributions from top-level scientists illustrate how bionanomaterials could lead to novel devices or structures with unique properties.
The first and second part cover the most relevant synthetic and bioinspired nanomaterials, including surfaces with extreme wettability properties, functional materials with improved adhesion or structural and functional systems based on the complex and hierarchical organization of natural composites. These lessons from nature are explored in the last section where bioinspired materials are proposed for biomedical applications, showing their potential for future applications in drug delivery, theragnosis, and regenerative medicine.
A navigational guide aimed at advanced and specialist readers, while equally relevant for readers in research, academia or private companies focused on high added-value contributions. Young researchers will also find this an indispensable guide in choosing or continuing to work in this stimulating area, which involves a wide range of disciplines, including chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering, biology, and medicine.

Daniel Ruiz-Molina got his PhD on polyradical dendrimers at the Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB). Afterwards he took a postdoctoral position at the UC San Diego working on single-molecule magnets and molecular switches for three years. Since 2001 he got a permanent position at the CSIC. More recently he moved to the new Institut Catala de Nanociencia I Nanotecnologia (ICN2) where he is leading the Nanostructured Functional Materials group. His main research areas are fabrication of hybrid colloids and surfaces, biomimetic functional nanostructures, coordination polymers and micro-/nanoparticles for smart applications and encapsulation/delivery systems.

Fernando Novio is a researcher at the Institut Catala de Nanociencia I Nanotecnologia (ICN2) in Barcelona, Spain, in the group led by Prof. Ruiz- Molina. He received his PhD in chemistry from the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and afterwards did two years of post-doctorate study at the Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination of the Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse, France. Since joining ICN2 in 2011 he has initiated different research approaches based on the technological and biomedical application of nanostructures based on coordination polymers.

Claudio Roscini is a researcher in Prof. Ruiz-Molina?s group at the Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2) in Barcelona, Spain. He gained his PhD from the University of Bristol, UK, before spending two years as a post-doc at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. He was also a project manager at the Technology Institute Fundacion Privada ASCAMM in Barcelona. He joined ICN2 in 2013 where he is involved in the optimization of micro and nanoencapsulation processes on the small and large scale, and in the development of new nanostructured

Preface

PART I: Bionanomaterials

SYNTHESIS OF COLLOIDAL GOLD AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR PROPERTIES
Introduction
Physical and Chemical Properties of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Gold and Silver Core Nanoparticles
Some Applications of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

CERAMIC SMART DRUG DELIVERY NANOMATERIALS
Introduction
Biodistribution, Toxicity, and Excretion of Nanoparticles
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles
Carbon Allotropes
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

POLYMERSOMES AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Introduction
Self-Assembly of Amphiphiles
Polymersome -
The Synthetic Analog of a Liposome
Polymersomes as Drug Delivery Devices
Embedding Channel Proteins in Artificial Polymer Membranes and Creating New Applications
Conclusions and Outlook

MOFS IN PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Metal-Organic Frameworks
MOFs for Therapeutics
Conclusions

AMORPHOUS COORDINATION POLYMER PARTICLES FOR BIOMEDICINE
Introduction
Interaction of Nanoplatforms with the Biological Environment
CPPs as Realistic Alternative to Classical Nanosystems
Conclusion and Future Challenges

MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR MAGNETIC HYPERTHERMIA AND CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY
Introduction
Principles of Magnetically Induced Heat Generation
Sythesis of MNPs and their Heat Performance
Local Heating and Induced Biological and Drug Release Effects
In Vivo Drug Release from Magnetic Hybrid Systems Under Alternating Magnetic Field Exposure

PHOTOTHERMAL EFFECT OF GOLD NANOSTRUCTURES FOR APPLICATION IN BIOIMAGING AND THERAPY
Introduction
Photophysical Characterizations of Gold Nanostructures
Tuning the Absorption Spectrum of Gold Nanostructures
Plasmonic Photothermal Effect of GNS in Imaging
Concluding Remarks

NANOMATERIAL-BASED BIOIMAGING PROBES
Introduction
Nanoprobes
Imaging Probes
Targeting Strategies
Nanotheranostics
Design Considerations
Summary and Future Trends

MOLECULAR BASES OF NANOTOXICOLOGY
Introduction
Impact on Environment: Nanoecotoxicology
Impact on Health: Nanotoxicology

PART II: Bioinspired Materials -
Bioinspired Materials for Technological Application

BIOINSPIRED INTERFACES FOR SELF-CLEANING TECHNOLOGIES
The Concept of Bioinspiration in Materials Engineering
Basics of Wetting
Self-Cleaning Technologies
Summary

CATECHOL-BASED BIOMIMETIC FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Introduction
Adhesives
Functionalizable Platforms (Primers) on Macroscopic Surfaces
Micro-/Nanoscopic Surface Functionalization
Functional Scaffolds
Chelating Materials/Siderophore-Like Materials
Materials for Chemo-/Biosensing
Electronic Devices

CURRENT APPROACHES TO DESIGNING NANOMATERIALS INSPIRED BY MUSSEL ADHESIVE PROTEINS
Introduction
Mussel Adhesive Proteins and DOPA
Nanoparticle Stabilization
Nanocomposite Materials
Gecko and Mussel Dual Mimetic Adhesive
Polydopamine as a Multifunctional Anchor
Summary and Future Outlook

PART III: Bioinspired Materials -
Bioinspired Materials for Biomedical Applications

FUNCTIONAL GRADIENTS IN BIOLOGICAL COMPOSITES
Introduction
Chemical Gradient
Hydration Gradient
Mineral Gradient
Texture Gradient
Porosity Gradient
Conclusions

NOVEL BIOINSPIRED PHOSPHOLIPID POLYMER BIOMATERIALS FOR NANOBIOENGINEERING
Introduction
Molecular Design of an Artificial Cell Membrane Surface
Polymer Nanoparticles System with an Artificial Cell Membrane Structure
Nanomaterials Entrapped in the Polymeric Nanoparticles with an Artificial Cell Membrane
Future Perspectives

BIOINSPIRED FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES AS TOOLS FOR DETECTIO, QUANTIFICATION AND TARGETING OF BIOMOLECULES
Introduction
Bioinspired Functionalized Nanoparticles
Biomedical Applications
Therapeutics Applications of Nanoparticles
Mass Spectrometry and Nanomaterials for Biomolecule Identification
Clinical Proteomics and Biomarker Detection
Concluding Remarks

ENGINEERING PROTEIN BASED NANOPARTICLES FOR APPLICATIONS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING
Introduction
Inclusion Bodies: Protein-Based Nanoparticles as Novel Bionanomaterials
Physicochemical and Nanoscale Properties of Inclusion Bodies
Cell Proliferation Assisted by Protein-Based Nanoparticles
Microscale Engineering of Protein-Based Nanoparticles for Cell Guidance
Conclusions and Perspectives

Index