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Technology > Electronics > General

Item Detail

Ccd Arrays, Cameras, and Displays

Author(s): Holst, Gerald C.

Edition: 2nd

ISBN10: 0964000040

ISBN13: 9780964000049

Cover: Hardcover

Currently Not Available

List Price ~~$78.00~~
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1. INTRODUCTION

(17)

1.1. Solid State Detectors

(1)

1.2. Imaging System Applications

(6)

1.2.1. General Imagery

(1)

1.2.2. Machine Vision

(1)

1.2.3. Scientific Applications

(1)

1.2.4. Military Applications

(1)

1.3. Configurations

(3)

1.4. Image Quality

(2)

1.5. Pixels, Datels, Disels, and Resels

(3)

1.6. References

(1)

2. RADIOMETRY and PHOTOMETRY

(27)

2.1. Radiative Transfer

(2)

2.2. Planck's Blackbody Law

(2)

2.3. Photometry

(6)

2.3.1. Units

(2)

2.3.2. Typical Illumination Levels

(2)

2.4. Sources

(4)

2.4.1. Calibration Sources

(1)

2.4.2. Real Sources

(3)

2.5. Camera Formula

(4)

2.6. Normalization

(2)

2.7. Normalization Issues

(5)

2.8. References

(1)

3. SOLID STATE ARRAYS

(57)

3.1. Photodetection

(1)

3.1.1. Photogate

(1)

3.1.2. Photodiode

(1)

3.2. CCD Array Operation

(11)

3.3. CCD Array Architecture

(16)

3.3.1. Linear Arrays

(1)

3.3.2. Full Frame Arrays

(2)

3.3.3. Frame Transfer

(2)

3.3.4. Interline Transfer

(5)

3.3.5. Progressive Scan

(2)

3.3.6. Time Delay and Integration

(4)

3.4. Charge Transfer Efficiency

(4)

3.5. Charge Conversion (Output Structure)

(1)

3.6. Dark Current

(4)

3.7. Dark Pixels

(2)

3.8. Antibloom Drain

(4)

3.9. CID

(2)

3.10. CMOS

(2)

3.11. Physical Parameters

(7)

3.11.1. Microlenses

(1)

3.11.2. Color Filter Arrays

(3)

3.11.3. Number of Detectors

(1)

3.11.4. Video Chip Size

(2)

3.12. References

100

(2)

4. ARRAY PERFORMANCE

102

(44)

4.1. Signal

103

(20)

4.1.1. Spectral Response

104

(7)

4.1.2. Responsivity

111

(8)

4.1.3. Minimum Signal

119

(1)

4.1.4. Maximum Signal

120

(1)

4.1.5. Dynamic Range

121

(2)

4.2. Noise

123

(16)

4.2.1. Shot Noise

127

(1)

4.2.2. Reset Noise

127

(1)

4.2.3. On-chip Amplifier Noise

128

(2)

4.2.4. Off-chip amplifier Noise

130

(1)

4.2.5. Quantization Noise

130

(1)

4.2.6. Pattern Noise

131

(2)

4.2.7. Photon Transfer

133

(6)

4.3. Array Signal-to-Noise Ratio

139

(2)

4.4. Correlated Double Sampling

141

(1)

4.5. Frame Rates

142

(1)

4.6. Defects

143

(1)

4.7. References

144

(2)

5. CAMERAS

146

(36)

5.1. Camera Operation

147

(2)

5.2. Video Formats

149

(14)

5.2.1. Video Timing

151

(4)

5.2.2. Broadcast/Non-broadcast Design

155

(1)

5.2.3. Component/Composite Signals

156

(1)

5.2.4. IRE Units

157

(2)

5.2.5. Digital Television

159

(1)

5.2.6. HDTV/ATS

160

(3)

5.3. Consumer/Broadcast Cameras

163

(9)

5.3.1. The Knee

164

(1)

5.3.2. Color Correction

165

(4)

5.3.3. Gamma Compensation

169

(3)

5.3.4. Aperture Correction

172

(1)

5.4. Industrial/Scientific Cameras

172

(7)

5.4.1. Analog-to-Digital Converters

174

(2)

5.4.2. Intensified Solid State Cameras

176

(3)

5.5. References

179

(3)

6. CAMERA PERFORMANCE

182

(19)

6.1. Nomenclature

183

(2)

6.2. Camera Metrics

185

(10)

6.2.1. Camera SNR

186

(1)

6.2.2. Camera Dynamic Range

187

(2)

6.2.3. Maximum Signal

189

(1)

6.2.4. Minimum Signal

189

(6)

6.3. Intensified CCD Camera

195

(5)

6.3.1. ICCD Signal

196

(1)

6.3.2. ICCD Noise

197

(1)

6.3.3. ICCD SNR

198

(2)

6.4. References

200

(1)

7. CRT-BASED DISPLAYS

201

(30)

7.1. The Observer

203

(2)

7.2. CRT Overview

205

(5)

7.2.1. Monochrome Displays

207

(1)

7.2.2. Color Displays

207

(3)

7.2.3. HDTV

210

(1)

7.3. Spot Size

210

(3)

7.4. Disels

213

(5)

7.5. Resolution

218

(4)

7.5.1. Vertical Resolution

219

(1)

7.5.2. Theoretical Horizontal Resolution

219

(1)

7.5.3. TV Limiting Resolution

220

(1)

7.5.4. MTF

221

(1)

7.6. Addressability

222

(5)

7.7. Shades of Gray

227

(1)

7.8. Character Recognition

227

(1)

7.9. Contrast

228

(1)

7.10. References

230

(1)

8. SAMPLING THEORY

231

(21)

8.1. Sampling Theorem

234

(2)

8.2. Aliasing

236

(3)

8.3. The Detector as a Sampler

239

(10)

8.3.1. Detector MTF

239

(3)

8.3.2. Detector Array Nyquist Frequency

242

(3)

8.3.3. Image Distortion

245

(4)

8.4. Aliasing in Frame Grabbers and Displays

249

(2)

8.5. References

251

(1)

9. LINEAR SYSTEM THEORY

252

(15)

9.1. Linear System Theory

253

(4)

9.1.1. Time-varying Signals

254

(2)

9.1.2. Spatially Varying Signals

256

(1)

9.2. Electronic Imaging System

257

(2)

9.3. MTF and PTF Interpretation

259

(2)

9.4. Superposition Applied to Optical Systems

261

(2)

9.5. Contrast Transfer Function

263

(3)

9.6. References

266

(1)

10. SYSTEM MTF

267

(48)

10.1. Frequency Domains

269

(5)

10.2. Optics MTF

274

(1)

10.3. Detectors

275

(11)

10.3.1. Diffusion MTF

276

(3)

10.3.2. Charge Transfer Efficiency

279

(1)

10.3.3. TDI

280

(3)

10.3.4. Optical Anti-alias Filter

283

(3)

10.4. Optics-detector Subsystem

286

(6)

10.5. Motion

292

(3)

10.5.1. Linear Motion

292

(2)

10.5.2. Random Motion (jitter)

294

(1)

10.6. Electronic Filters

295

(8)

10.6.1. Anti-alias Analog Filter

295

(1)

10.6.2. Digital Filters

296

(3)

10.6.3. Sample-and-hold

299

(1)

10.6.4. Post-reconstruction Filter

300

(2)

10.6.5. Boost

302

(1)

10.7. CRT-based Display

303

(3)

10.8. Human Visual Response

306

(4)

10.9. Intensified CCD

310

(1)

10.10. Sampling Effects

311

(1)

10.11. References

312

(3)

11. IMAGE QUALITY

315

(23)

11.1. Resolution Metrics

317

(3)

11.2. Optical Resolution Metrics

320

(1)

11.3. Detector Resolution

321

(2)

11.4. Electrical Resolution Metrics

323

(1)

11.5. MTF-based Resolution

324

(4)

11.5.1. Limiting Resolution

324

(1)

11.5.2. MTF/TM Resolution

325

(1)

11.5.3. Shade's Equivalent Resolution

325

(3)

11.6. System Resolution Examples

328

(3)

11.7. MTFA

331

(1)

11.8. Subjective Quality Factor

332

(2)

11.9. Square-root Integral

334

(2)

11.10. References

336

(2)

12. MINIMUM RESOLVABLE CONTRAST

338

(33)

12.1. The Observer

339

(7)

12.1.1. Perceived Signal-to-noise Ratio

340

(4)

12.1.2. Perceived Resolution

344

(1)

12.1.3. The HVS "Filter"

345

(1)

12.2. Three-dimensional Noise Model

346

(5)

12.3. The MRC Model

351

(4)

12.4. SNR(th) and t(e)

355

(3)

12.5. Two-dimensional MRC

358

(1)

12.6. Range Predictions

359

(10)

12.6.1. Contrast Transmittance

359

(3)

12.6.2. Johnson Criteria

362

(1)

12.6.3. Target Transfer Probability Function

363

(2)

12.6.4. Range Prediction Methodology

365

(3)

12.6.5. Sampling Effects

368

(1)

12.7. References

369

(2)

APPENDIX

371

(2)

A.1. Effective Focal Length

371

(1)

A.2. f-Number

371

(1)

A.3. Reference

372

(1)

INDEX

373

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