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Item Detail

Understanding Sonet Sdh: Standards & Applications

Author(s): Chow, Ming-Chwan

ISBN10: 0965044823

ISBN13: 9780965044820

Cover: Hardcover

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Preface

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Outline

(1)

Introduction

(3)

Digital networking

(1)

Advantages of digital transmission

(2)

Issues on digital transmission

(1)

What is SONET/SDH?

(1)

Why SONET/SDH?

(2)

PDH, SONET and SDH

(15)

PDH three digital hierarchies

(2)

Various signal rates/format: Example DS1 vs. CEPT-1

(3)

Various zero suppression schemes: Example B3ZS vs. HDB3

(1)

Clock accuracy

(1)

Clock synchronization

(2)

Various multiplexing procedures

(2)

Various overhead organizations/percentages

(3)

Network Interconnection

(3)

Multivendor incompatibility

(1)

Global interconnectivity

(2)

SONET/SDH Players

(4)

Standards bodies and SONET/SDH

(2)

SONET phase 1 and phase 2 capabilities

(1)

Key SONET/SDH Attributes and benefits

(1)

More on customer needs and future trends

(1)

Fiber-based SONET/SDH

(1)

Scope of SONET/SDH standards

(1)

Key SONET/SDH attributes

(2)

SONET/SDH benefits

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Appendix 1-1

(7)

Appendix 1-2

SONET Signal Hierarchy

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Outline

(1)

Areas Covered in SONET Standards

(1)

SONET Signal Hierarchy

(3)

A SONET End-to-End Connection

(4)

Optical Interface Layer

(3)

SONET Frame Structure

(7)

SONET STS-1 frame

(3)

SONET STS-N and STS-Nc frames

(3)

STS-1 Overhead

(18)

Section overhead

(4)

Line overhead

(4)

Transport overhead for an STS-N/STS-Nc signal

(2)

Section DCC and line DCC usage

(1)

STS-1 path overhead

(5)

Summary of overhead usage

(1)

SONET Multiplexing Procedure

(6)

Two-stage multiplexing

(1)

One-stage multiplexing

(1)

Intermediate level interleaved multiplexing

(1)

Scrambling

(2)

Formation of an OC-N Signal

(2)

Virtual Tributary (VT)

(1)

Purposes, types (sizes) and capacities of VTs

(1)

VT groups

(3)

VT-structured STS-1 SPE: all VT1.5s

(2)

VT-structured STS-1 SPE: all VT2s

(1)

VT-structured STS-1 SPE: all VT3s or VT6s

(2)

VT-structured STS-1 SPE: mixed VTs

(3)

VT superframe/capacity

(6)

Floating and locked VT modes

(2)

Review Questions

SONET Pointer Applications

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Outline

(1)

Pointer Concept and STS-1 Payload Pointer

(3)

With or without pointer

(1)

Introduction to SONET pointers

(2)

STS-1 Pointer Functions

(17)

New data flag

(1)

Pointer (offset) value

(3)

Frequency justification

(4)

Positive frequency justification

(1)

Negative frequency justification

(4)

Pointer generation and interpretation

(1)

STS-1 concatenation indication

(2)

VT Payload Pointer

(8)

VT payload offset values

(3)

VT Path Overhead (POH)

(4)

SONET STS-1 Mappings

(1)

Direct mapping: asynchronous DS3

(4)

STS-1 mapping via VT group

(2)

Mapping for asynchronous DS1 payload

(4)

Mapping for byte-synchronous DS1 payload

(4)

Mapping for bit-synchronous DS1 payload

(1)

Mapping for asynchronous 2.048 Mbps payload

(1)

Mapping for bit-synchronous 2.048 Mbps payload

(1)

Mapping for byte-synchronous 2.048 Mbps payload-30 channel with CAS

(1)

Mapping for byte-synchronous 2.048 Mbps payload-31 channel with CCS

(1)

Asynchronous mapping for DS1C payload

(2)

Mapping for asynchronous DS2 payload

(1)

STS-3c mapping

(1)

ATM mapping into STS-3c

(1)

Mapping for asynchronous FDDI

(2)

Mapping for asynchronous 139.264 Mbps payload

(2)

Review Questions

SDH Signal Hierarchy

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Outline

(1)

SDH and PDH

(3)

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)

(1)

PDH and SDH containers

(1)

SDH End-to-End Connection

(1)

SDH Frame

(5)

SDH frame concept

(1)

STM-1 frame

(1)

A special (or an imaginary) frame: STM-0

(1)

An STM-N (N = 4, 16 or 64)

(1)

SDH and SONET frame comparisons

(2)

SDH Transport and Path Overhead Bytes

(6)

Locations/names of SDH bytes

(4)

Functions of regenerator section overhead

(1)

Functions of multiplex section overhead

(1)

VT-4 Path Overhead

(3)

STM-1 Signal Composition

(2)

Containers C-n

(7)

C-4, VC-4, AU-4, AUG and STM-1

(1)

C-3, VC-3, TU-3, TUG-3, VT-4, AU-4, AUG and STM-1

(1)

C-3, VC-3, AU-3, AUG and STM-1

(1)

C-2, VC-2, AU-2, TUG-2, VC-3, AU-3, AUG and STM-1

(1)

C-12, VC-12, TU-12, TUG-2, TUG-3, VC-4, AU-3, AUG and STM-1

(1)

C-11, VC-11, TU-11, TUG-2, VC-3, AU-3, AUG and STM-1

(1)

Tributary unit (TU)

(1)

Purpose and capacity of TU

(1)

Relationship between TU-n(n = 11, 12 or 2) and TUG-2

(1)

TU and STM-1

(2)

Review Questions

SDH Pointer Applications

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Outline

(1)

STM-1 Pointer

(1)

STM-1 Pointer Classification and Pointers' Locations

(3)

(H1, H2) Pointer

(14)

(H1, H2) as an AU-4 pointer

(1)

Pointer value range

(1)

Positive frequency justification

(3)

Negative frequency justification

(2)

Special cases: overflow and underflow

(4)

Pointer (H1, H2) generation and interpretation

(2)

(H1, H2) as an AU-3 pointer

(1)

TU-3 Pointer

(2)

TU-1/TU-2 Pointer

(5)

TU-1/TU-2 payload offset values

(1)

TU-1/TU-2 pointer operations

(1)

VC-1/VC-2 Path Overhead

(4)

SDH STM-1 Mapping/Multiplexing

(30)

Mapping of C-4 into STM-1

(4)

Mapping/Multiplexing of C-3 into STM-1

(8)

Mapping/Multiplexing of C-2 into STM-1

(5)

Mapping/Multiplexing of C-12 into STM-1

(7)

Mapping/Multiplexing of C-11 into STM-1

(5)

Mapping Summary: Signal Rate Derivations

(2)

Codes Used for Digital Cellular Networks

(2)

VC-11 to VC-12 conversion for transport by a TU-12

(1)

Floating and locked mode conversion

(3)

Review Questions

Timing and Synchronization

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Outline

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Frame Synchronization

(6)

Superframe and frame pattern of a DSI signal

(1)

Frame pattern detection of a DSI signal

(1)

Extended SuperFrame (ESF)-structured DSI

(2)

SONET/SDH frame synchronization

(1)

Network Synchronization

(12)

Purpose of network synchronization

(1)

Major attributes of network synchronization

(1)

Implementation of network synchronization

(1)

Three levels of synchronization

(1)

Synchronization clock hierarchy

(1)

Synchronization architecture

(1)

Clock accuracy

(1)

Slip rate requirements

(4)

SONET/SDH synchronization requirement

(1)

Synchronization status

(2)

Clock and Timing Recovery

(6)

Clock functions and operations

(1)

Timing recovery

(2)

Line encoding to guarantee ones density

(2)

Scrambler for zero suppression

(1)

Timing configuration

(1)

Switched and Private Network Synchronization

(1)

Switched network synchronization

(2)

Verification methodology

(1)

PRC performance

(1)

Private network synchronization

(1)

Review Questions

Network Management

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Outline

(1)

Centralized network Surveillance

(6)

Network management architecture

(1)

Network organization model/management terminologies

(3)

Relationship among TMN, SMN and SMS

(1)

SDH/SONET management functions

(1)

Performance Management: Monitoring Function

(8)

Performance primitives and parameters

(2)

Performance monitoring history

(2)

Performance data reporting

(2)

Fault (or Maintenance) Management

(6)

Required alarm indication

(1)

Application of AIS and RDI signals: SONET

(2)

Application of AIS and RDI signals: SDH

(1)

Major maintenance signals

(1)

Configuration Management

(1)

Linear APS

(1)

Protection switching boundaries

(1)

Protection architecture

(2)

Two automatic protection switch initiation criteria

(1)

Switch commands

(1)

Switch priority

(1)

Applications of K1 and K2 bytes

(3)

Ring APS

(1)

Definition of ring

(1)

Ring classification

(1)

A unidirectional ring versus a bidirectional ring

(1)

Two-fiber versus four-fiber ring

(1)

Ring switch versus span switching

(1)

Channel assignment

(1)

Example (BLSR and UPSR)

(4)

Characteristics and network objectives of ring APS

(1)

Definitions/functions of K1 and K2

(1)

Review Questions

Optical Interface Specification

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Outline

(1)

An End-to-End Optical Fiber Link

(1)

A Light Source

(7)

Linear versus nonlinear operations

(1)

Major parameters of a ligh source

(2)

Optical signal characteristics: pulse shape

(3)

Transmission Medium: Fibers

(7)

Fiber structure

(1)

Fiber attenuation

(1)

Fiber dispersion

(3)

Receiver: photodiode

(1)

Optical Interface Specifications

(1)

SONET optical interface specifications

(3)

Optical engineering approach

(1)

SDH optical interface specifications

(5)

Review Questions

Network Elements

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Outline

(1)

Network Components

(4)

Layer topology of network interconnection

(2)

SONET/SDH impact on equipment

(2)

Access Layer's Functionality and Equipment

(4)

Access layer functionality

(2)

Access layer product example

(2)

Junction Layer's Functionality and Equipment

(9)

Transport capabilities

(1)

Digital cross-connect (bandwidth management)

(3)

Add/drop multiplexing

(1)

Regeneration of digital signal

(1)

Junction layer product example

(3)

Core Layer's Functionality and Equipment

(2)

SONET/SDH Digital Switch

(1)

SONET/SDH Transmission Product Example

(3)

Network Element Applications

(8)

Point-to-point transport

(1)

Point-to-point loop feeder

(1)

Point-to-point interoffice connection

(1)

Access and/or hubbing

(2)

Linear add/drop

(1)

Customer location application

(1)

DCS/switch network applications

(3)

SONET/SDH Product Vendors

(2)

Review Questions

Beyond SONET/SDH: ATM

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Outline

(1)

Introduction

(7)

Information transfer modes

10-3

(3)

Circuit switching versus packet switching

(2)

Traditional versus fast packet switching

(2)

Why ATM now?

(2)

ATM Basics

(12)

ATM cell structure

(2)

Pre-defined header field values

(2)

VC, VP, VCI, VPI, VCC and VPC, and routing table

(2)

ATM layered model

(4)

Cell delineation & HEC and cell payload scrambling

(2)

ATM AAL Protocol Types and Description

(10)

AAL protocol type 1

(1)

AAL protocol type 2

(1)

AAL protocol type 3/4

(5)

AAL protocol type 5

(2)

ATM Cell Transmission

(1)

ATM Switching

(5)

Switch fabric topology

(3)

Buffering/queuing options

(1)

ATM Management

(8)

Traffic management

(1)

Congestion management

(1)

Performance and fault (or maintenance) management

(5)

ATM Products and Services

(6)

Potential ATM based services

(1)

ATM products and vendors

(2)

Review Questions

(2)

Appendix 10.1

(1)

Answers to Review Question

References

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Index

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