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Understanding Telecommunications: Systems, Networks and Applications

Author(s): Chow, Ming-Chwan
ISBN10: 0965044831
ISBN13: 9780965044837
Cover: Hardcover
 
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Table of Contents
Volume 1
Preface
Introduction: Basic Definitions and Terminologies
Chapter Objectives
1(1)
Introduction
2(1)
Signals
3(16)
Units and Measurements
4(1)
Signal Amplitude (Power)
5(1)
Signal Frequency/Wavelength
6(5)
Signal Bandwidth
11(1)
Signal Speed (Rate)
12(1)
Signal Phase
12(2)
Signal Types
14(3)
Speech Signal: a Special Analog Signal
17(2)
Signaling
19(10)
In-band Signaling/Out-of-band Signaling
20(1)
A Simplified Call Process
21(2)
Dial Tone
23(1)
Address of a Call: Telephone Number (Numbering Plan)
23(1)
ITU-T Numbering Plan
24(1)
E.163 Numbering Plan
24(1)
E.164 Numbering Plan
25(1)
Numbering Plan for Mobile Subscriber
25(1)
North American Numbering Plan (NANP)
26(1)
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency or Touch Tone
26(1)
Ringing Tone and Audible Ringing Tone
27(1)
Busy Tone Audible Busy Tone
28(1)
Common Channel Signaling
28(1)
Switching
29(8)
Switching versus Cross-connection
29(1)
Blocking versus Non-blocking
30(1)
Information Transfer Modes
31(2)
Local versus Toll Switch
33(2)
Public versus Private (Customer) Switch
35(1)
Review Questions I for Chapter 1
36(1)
Transmission
37(9)
Transmission Facilities
37(1)
System Bandwidth
38(2)
Transmission Equipment
40(6)
Network
46(11)
Network Types
49(1)
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
50(1)
Public Data Network (PDN)
50(1)
Private (Packet-Switched) Data Network
51(1)
Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)
51(1)
Network Services
52(2)
Network Services Example: Centrex Services
54(1)
Network Services Example: Automatic Message Accounting (AMA)
54(2)
Network Services Example: Local Area Signaling Service (LASS)
56(1)
Telecommunications Standards & Organizations
57
Types of Telecommunications Standards
57(2)
Standards Development Process
59(1)
Standards Organizations
59(1)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
59(5)
Review Questions II for Chapter 1
64(1)
Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance
65(2)
dB, dBm, TLP, dBmO, dBrn, dBrnC and dBrnCO
67(12)
ITU-U Study Groups and Recommendations
79
Network, Services and Call Connection
Chapter Objectives
1(1)
Introduction
2(2)
Telecommunications Services
4(17)
Telecommunications Service Platforms
4(3)
Classification of Telecommunications Services
7(1)
Service Example: Fax Services/Standard Fax Groups
8(1)
Service Example: Video Conference
8(5)
Service Example: Alliance 1000/2000
13(1)
Service Example: 800-Type Service
14(1)
Service Example: Multimedia Service
15(2)
Service Example: Software Defined Network (SDN)
17(1)
Service Example: MultiQuest Service
18(1)
Service Example: Advanced Intelligent Network
19(1)
Service Example: AT&T Skynet
20(1)
Voice-Channel Connection
21(20)
An Inter-Office (Inter-Toll) Connection
21(1)
Call Origination, Originating Register and Dial Tone
21(1)
Translation, Routing, Path Selection, Outpulsing Register, and AMA
22(1)
Trunk Seizing, Ready Signal, Outpulsing and Seizing Incoming Register
23(1)
Alerting, Ringing, Audible Ring and Connection Complete
24(1)
Access Feature Groups
25(1)
An Inter-Toll Connection Example (NYC to San Francisco)
26(1)
The Access Connection
27(1)
Inter-Exchange Trunk (Backbone) Connection
27(4)
The Egress (Access) Connection
31(1)
Local (Intra-LATA or Intra-Office) Call Connection
32(1)
International Call Connection
33(2)
A Private Network Connection
35(1)
A Wireless (Cellular) Connection
36(1)
Simplified (Generic) Call Flow Scenario: Mobile to Land
36(1)
Simplified (Generic) Call Flow Scenario: Land to Mobile
37(1)
The Handoff (One MSC)
38(2)
Review Questions I for Chapter 2
40(1)
An Internet Connection
41(8)
TCP/IP Protocol Overview
41(1)
TCP/IP Capabilities and Functions
42(1)
Routers/Gateways
43(1)
Internet Connection
44(1)
IP Connections for Voice over IP (VolP)
44(3)
Dial-up Connections
47(1)
Dedicated Link to ISP
48(1)
An ATM Connection
49(11)
Overview of ATM Technology
49(2)
ATM Services
51(3)
ATM Connection Subscription/Provisioning
54(2)
ATM Application Connection
56(4)
A SONET/SDH Connection
60(10)
SONET/SDH Protocol Overview
60(1)
SONET Signal Hierarchy
60(1)
SDH Signal Hierarchy
61(1)
SONET/SDH Generic End-to-end Connection
62(3)
SONET/SDH Network Topology
65(1)
SONET/SDH Application Connections
66(1)
Access, Junction and Core-layer Connection
66(1)
SONET/SDH Access Network Connection
67(1)
SONET/SDH Intra-office Connections
68(1)
SONET/SDH Inter-office Connections
69(1)
WDM Connection
70(2)
Future Trends
72
Review Questions II for Chapter 2
75
Access: Traditional and Broadband - HDSL, ADSL, VDSL & Wireless
Chapter Objectives
1(1)
Introduction
2(1)
Traditional Twisted-Pair Analog Loops
3(5)
An Outside Plant
3(1)
Outside Plant Planning
4(3)
Typical Loop Facility Tests
7(1)
Integrated Digital Loop Carrier (IDLC) Systems
8(2)
Business Remote Terminal (BRT)
10(1)
Channel Capacity and Spectral Efficiency
11(6)
Nyquist Signaling Frequency or Nyquist Rate
12(1)
Shannon-Hartley Law
13(4)
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
17(20)
Twisted-pair: Traditional and Broadband Access
18(2)
Comparison Among Various Modem Technologies
20(3)
xDSL Loop Environment Considerations
23(1)
Copper Loop Frequency Spectra
24(3)
Frequency Plan for xDSL
27(2)
Loop Insertion Loss
29(1)
The xDSL Family
30(2)
Copper Loop Characteristics/Impairments
32(2)
Loop Qualification and Testing
34(3)
High-speed Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL)
37(19)
HDSL Rates and Payloads
38(1)
Loop Architectures for HSDL Systems
39(1)
Echo Canceled Hybird Transmission Scheme
40(1)
2B1Q Transmission Technology
40(2)
Theoretical Loop Analysis Model
42(2)
Loop Performance Test Requirements and Test Procedure
44(1)
Recommended Functional Characteristics
45(3)
HDSL Electrical Characteristics
48(1)
HDSL System OAM&P
49(1)
Carrierless AM/PM (CAP) Transmission Technology
50(3)
Discrete Multitone (DMT) Transmission Technology
53(2)
Review Questions I for Chapter 3
55(1)
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
56(27)
ADSL Network Architecture
56(1)
ATU-C/ATU-R Transmitter Reference Models
57(3)
ADSL Transport Capacity
60(2)
ATU-C Functional Characteristics
62(9)
ATU-R Functional Characteristics
71(3)
ADSL System Operations and Maintenance
74(1)
ADSL Electrical and Physical Characteristics
74(2)
ADSL Loop Plant, Impairments and Testing
76(1)
Very High-speed Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL)
77(2)
Services Provided by a VDSL Link
79(1)
VDSL Transmission Environment
80(1)
VDSL DMT Transmission
80(2)
xDSL versus Other Access Networks
82(1)
Wireless Access Technologies
83(15)
Wireless Local Loop System Interfaces
85(1)
Wireless Local Loop System Components
86(1)
Channel Frequencies Used in Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
87(2)
Optical Wireless
89(1)
Transmission from Optical Fiber to Optical Wireless Communications
89(2)
Issues and Limitations of Optical Wireless
91(1)
Atmospheric Loss
91(2)
Infra-Red Data Association (IrDA)
93(1)
Laser Power and Eye Safety
93(2)
Long Distance (100 m to 5 km) Optical Wireless Systems
95(1)
Short Distance (< 100 m) Optical Wireless Systems (< 100 m) Optical Wireless Systems
96(1)
Very-short Distance (1 m or Less) Optical Wireless Systems
97(1)
Fiber In The Loop (FITL)
98(4)
Satellite Broadband Access
102
Fixed Service Satellite Communication Network
104(1)
System Overview: Fixed Service Satellite System
104(3)
Review Questions II for Chapter 3
107(1)
Modem Standards, Protocols, and Applications
108
Signaling Concepts and Applications
Chapter Objectives
1(1)
Introduction
2(5)
What is a Signaling System?
3(1)
Signaling Objectives
3(1)
Signaling Types
3(2)
Modes of Common Channel Signaling
5(1)
Signaling System Classification
6(1)
Call Progress Tones in North America
7(3)
Audible Tones
7(1)
More Call Progress Tones
8(2)
Loop Signaling
10(4)
Loop-Start Signaling
12(1)
Ground-Start Signaling
13(1)
Inter-Exchange Signaling
14(4)
Early Signaling Systems
18(4)
Examples of Early Signaling Systems
18(3)
Limitation of Early Signaling Systems
21(1)
Common Channel Signaling System
22(9)
Advantage of Common Channel Signaling
23(1)
Common Channel Signaling Operation Modes
24(2)
Network Configuration for Common Channel Signaling
26(3)
CCS Network Interconnection
29(1)
Review Questions I for Chapter 4
30(1)
ITU-T Signaling System No. 7 (SS7)
31(33)
ITU-T SS7 Architecture
32(1)
Relation between SS7 Functional Blocks and OSI Layers
33(1)
Message Transfer Part (MTP)
34(1)
Signaling Data Link
35(2)
Signaling Link Functions
37(2)
Basic Signaling Unit Format
39(3)
Signaling Message Handling Functions
42(2)
Signaling Network Management Functions
44(1)
Signaling System User Parts
45(1)
Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
46(3)
Telephone User Part (TUP)
49(4)
ISDN User Part (ISDN-UP or ISUP)
53(4)
Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP)
57(3)
Link-by-link Signaling versus End-to-end Signaling
60(1)
Link-by-link Signaling
60(1)
End-to-end Signaling
61(2)
Numbering Plan for International Signaling Points
63(1)
Digital Subscriber Signaling System No. 1
64(7)
Main LAPD Functions
65(1)
LAPD Frame Structure
66(3)
LAPD Operation Types
69(1)
Data Link Connection Identifier and TEI Endpoint Identifier
70(1)
Selected Vocabulary of Signaling
71
Review Questions II for Chapter 4
76
Switching Principles and Applications
Chapter Objectives
1(1)
Introduction
2(7)
The Need for Switching
2(4)
The Random Nature of Traffic/Service Demand
6(2)
Switching Technology Evolution
8(1)
Circuit Switching Technology
9(16)
Switching Functions
9(3)
Switching System Architecture
12(1)
Switching Networks - General Concepts
13(2)
Space Division Switching Network (Fabric) Technology
15(2)
Advantages of Multiples and Stages of Smaller Switches
17(2)
Network Blocking
19(2)
Time Division Switching Network (Fabric) Technology
21(3)
Time Multiplexed Space Division Switching Network (Fabric) Technology
24(1)
Digital Switching Network Architecture
25(9)
Switching Control
26(1)
Switching Functions and Interfaces
27(1)
Switch Functions related to Interfaces
27(1)
Switch Interfaces
28(3)
Switching Software
31(1)
System Administration Management Software
31(1)
Maintenance Software
32(1)
Location Database
33(1)
Operating System (OS)
33(1)
Switching Applications
33(1)
Exchange Switching
34(14)
Local Exchange Switches
35(1)
Terminations of a Local Exchange Switch
36(4)
Billing and Administration
40(4)
Trunk Exchange and Gateway Switches
44(1)
Trunk Exchange Functions and Features
44(1)
Trunk Exchange Evolution
45(1)
Gateway Applications (Gateway Exchange)
46(1)
Review Questions I for Chapter 5
47(1)
Customer Switching Systems
48(8)
Customer Switch Functions
48(1)
Customer Switching Types
49(1)
Key Telephone System (KTS)
49(1)
Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
50(1)
Hybrid (Customer Switching) System
51(1)
Centrex Services
51(2)
Automatic Call Distributor
53(1)
Telephone Answering System
54(1)
Customer Switching Evolution
54(2)
Customer Switching Future Trend
56(1)
Packet Switching Technology
56(13)
Voice and Data Signal Characteristics
56(1)
Circuit Switching
57(1)
Stored-and-Forward Switching
58(1)
Packet Switching Evolution
58(2)
X.25 Packet Switching
60(1)
Fast Packet Switching
60(1)
Frame Relay
61(1)
ATM Cell Switching
61(1)
ATM Network and Network Interfaces
62(1)
ATM Channels
63(1)
ATM Cell Structure/Organization
64(1)
ATM Virtual Path Switching and Virtual Channel Switching
65(1)
ATM Switching Technology
66(3)
5ESS Switch System
69(18)
5ESS Switch System Architecture
70(1)
Switching Module
71(3)
Remote Switching Module
74(1)
Communication Module
75(1)
Administrative Module
76(1)
ISDN and Common Channel Signaling Architectures
77(2)
Wireless Architecture
79(1)
MSC Administrative/maintenance Functions
80(1)
Digital Cellular Switch Other Than 5ESS
81(2)
5ESS-2000
83(1)
Switch Module (SM)
84(1)
Sizes (Types) of 5ESS-2000 Switches
85(1)
Functions of 5ESS-2000 Switch
86(1)
Other Switch Examples
87(9)
4ESS Digital Switch
87(1)
4ESS Functional Blocks
88(1)
(4ESS) Automatic Message Accounting (AMA)
88(1)
Software Defined Network (SDN)
89(1)
Datakit II Virtual Circuit Switch (VCS)
90(1)
BNS-2000 Broadband System
91(1)
Globe View-2000
92(4)
Selected Vocabulary of Switching
96
Review Questions II for Chapter 5
98
Transmission Systems and Applications
Chapter Objectives
1(1)
Introduction
2(4)
A Local or Toll Call
3(1)
Brief Descriptions on Equipment for a Call Connection
4(2)
Digital Hierarchy Overview
6(2)
Voice Digitization
8(13)
Sampling and Hold Functions
9(2)
Quantization of Sampled Signals
11(1)
Linear (or Uniform) Quantization
12(3)
Nonlinear Quantization
15(3)
Coding (Sampled/Quantized) Speech Signal
18(3)
Modulation and Multiplexing
21(18)
Modulation Application
22(1)
The Need for Modulation
23(1)
Amplitude (Frequency, or Phase) Modulation
24(2)
Modulation Used to Carry Digital Signals over an Analog System
26(2)
Basic (Binary) ASK, FSK and PSK
28(1)
M-ary FSK (or M-FSK)
28(3)
M-ary PSK (or M-PSK)
31(1)
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
32(1)
Variation of Modulation: 4-PSK, 4-QAM and QPSK
33(1)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)
34(1)
Comparison of Modulation Techniques
35(2)
Bandwidth Management using Multiplexing Techniques
37(2)
The μ-Law Digital Hierarchy
39(22)
DS1 Signal/TI Digital Carrier Systems
41(1)
DS1 Singal Format and DS1 Signal Types
42(1)
DSI Superframe (SF) Framing Format
43(2)
Extended Superframe DS1 Signal Format
45(2)
DS1C Signal/T1C Digital Carrier System
47(1)
DSIC Signal Format
48(1)
Control Signals (Overhead)for DSIC Signals
49(2)
Pulse Stuffing for DSIC Signals
51(1)
DS2 Signals/T2 Digital Carrier Systems
52(1)
DS2 Signal Format
52(1)
Control Signals (Overhead) for DS2 Signals
53(1)
Pulse Stuffing for DS2 Signals
53(2)
DS3 Signals/T3 Digital Carrier Systems
55(1)
DS3 Signal Format
55(1)
Control Signals (Overhead) for DS3 Signals
56(1)
Pulse Stuffing for DS3 Signals
57(3)
Review Questions I for Chapter 6
60(1)
The A-Law Digital Hierarchy
61(15)
E-1 (2 Mbps) Digital Carrier Systems
62(1)
E-1 Signal Foromat and E-1 Signal Types
63(1)
E-1 Overhead Channels
64(2)
E-2 Signals
66(1)
E-2 Signal Format and Overhead
67(3)
E-3 Signals
70(1)
E-3 Signal Format
70(1)
E-3 Overhead Channels
70(2)
E-4 Signals
72(1)
E-4 Signal Format
73(1)
E-4 Overhead Channels
73(3)
The SONET Digital Hierarchy
76(10)
STS-1 Signal Format
78(1)
Virtual Tributaries and Virtual Tributary Group
79(2)
Path, Line and Section
81(2)
SONET Overhead Channels (Bytes)
83(2)
SONET Multiplexing
85(1)
The SDH Digital Hierarchy
86(3)
Transmission Equipment/Terminals
89
Digital Channels Banks
91(1)
Integrated Digital Loop Carrier (IDLC) Systems
92(2)
Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)
94(1)
Digital Cross-connect System (DCS)
95(2)
Digital Regenerators
97(3)
Transmission Equipment Applications in the Network
100(4)
Review Questions II for Chapter 6
104(1)
Extended Superframe for Channel Associated Signaling
105(1)
Bit Compression Techniques for Voice Applications
106
Optical Fiber Communications
Chapter Objectives
1(1)
Introduction
2(2)
Optical Fundamentals
4(6)
Incident, Reflection, Refraction and Total Internal Reflection
4(3)
Lenses and Lens Properties
7(3)
Light Sources
10(10)
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
12(4)
Laser Diodes (LDs)
16(4)
Optical Fibers
20(20)
Fiber Structure
21(1)
Fiber Dimension
22(1)
Index of Reflection
22
Fiber Materials
23F(24)
Fiber Signal Attenuation
24(1)
Signal Loses Along the Transmission Path
24(1)
Signal Loses within Optical Fibers
25(1)
Fiber Dispersion
26(1)
Material Dispersion
27(2)
Waveguide Dispersion
29(2)
(Inter)-Model Distortion
31(2)
Fiber Modes
33(1)
Numerical Aperture
34(1)
Fiber Specifications
35(2)
Fiber Cables
37(2)
Passive Components
39(1)
Light Detectors
40(7)
The Receiver Front-end Circuit for an Optical Link
40(1)
Photodiode Parameters
41(1)
Rise Time
41(1)
Quantum Efficiency
41(1)
Responsivity
41(2)
APD Internal Gain
43(1)
Sensitivity
44(1)
VI Characteristics
45(2)
Systen Performance Measurements
47(6)
Noise Analysis
48(1)
Background for Noise Analysis
48(3)
Noise Power in an Optical Fiber Link
51(2)
Optical Link Design
53(14)
System Specifications
53(1)
Power Budget Design
54(1)
Bandwidth (Rise-time) Budget Design
54(2)
System Performance Measurements
56(1)
Digital Optical Fiber Link Design Example
57(7)
Optical Fiber Measurements and OTDR
64(2)
Review Qustions I for Chapter 7
66(1)
Lightwave Network and Applications
67(17)
Access Connection/Networks
67(1)
DDM-1000
68(1)
SLC-2000 RT-2000
69(1)
Integrated Narrowband/Broadband Access System
70(1)
BRT-2000
70(1)
Optimux (PDH: 8TR661)
71(1)
Combimux (PHD: 8TR671)
72(1)
ISM-2000 Access System
73(1)
Inter-office Connection
73(1)
FT Series G
73(1)
FT-2000
74(1)
PDH 8TR694 and 8TR695
75(1)
SLM-2000
75(1)
Bandwidth Management
76(2)
Undersea Lightwave Systems
78(2)
Local Area Network Applications
80(1)
Various Network Layouts
81(1)
Point-to-Point Networks
81(1)
Linear Add-Drop Chain Networks
82(1)
Hub Networks
82(1)
DCS-Based Mesh Networks
83(1)
Ring Add/Drop Networks
84(1)
The Trend: All-Optical Networking
84
Optical Networking
85(1)
Electronic Regenerators Optical Amplifiers
85(6)
All-Optical Regenerators and Wavelength Converters
91(3)
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
94(3)
Unidirectional WDM
97(2)
Bidirectional WDM
99(1)
All-wave Fibers and Channel Spacing for DWDM Systems
99(2)
Wavelength Add/Drop, Routing, Cross-Connect/Switching
101(3)
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD), and Dispersion Compensation
104(2)
Nonlinear Optical Effects
106(1)
Solition Transmission
107(2)
Review Questions II for Chapter 7
109(1)
Error and Complementary Error Functions
110
Answers to Review Questions
References
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Index

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