| Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
| Preface |
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xv | |
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1 | (10) |
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Intelligent control: what does it mean? |
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2 | (1) |
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Components of intelligent control systems |
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3 | (3) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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The structure and use of the book |
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6 | (5) |
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The structure of the material |
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6 | (1) |
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Prerequisites and potential readers |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (20) |
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12 | (3) |
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Data representation and data items in traditional databases |
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12 | (2) |
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Data representation and data items in relational databases |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (7) |
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15 | (3) |
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Syntax and semantics of rules |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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The dependence graph of datalog rule sets |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (4) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (4) |
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Reasoning and Search in Rule-Based Systems |
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31 | (28) |
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Solving problems by reasoning |
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31 | (7) |
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The structure of the knowledge base |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (2) |
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Explanation of the reasoning |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (6) |
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The method of forward reasoning |
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38 | (3) |
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A simple case study of forward reasoning |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (7) |
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Solving problems by reduction |
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44 | (1) |
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The method of backward reasoning |
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45 | (3) |
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A simple case study of backward reasoning |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (8) |
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The general search algorithm |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
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Verification and Validation of Rule-Bases |
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59 | (10) |
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60 | (4) |
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The notion of contradiction freeness |
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60 | (1) |
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Testing contradiction freeness |
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61 | (2) |
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The search problem of contradiction freeness |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (2) |
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The notion of completeness |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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The search problem of completeness |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Joint contradiction freeness and completeness |
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66 | (1) |
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Contradiction freeness and completeness in other types of knowledge bases |
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66 | (1) |
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Decomposition of knowledge bases |
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67 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Tools for Representation and Reasoning |
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69 | (40) |
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The Lisp programming language |
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70 | (14) |
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The fundamental data types in Lisp |
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70 | (2) |
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Expressions and their evaluation |
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72 | (1) |
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Some useful Lisp primitives |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Primitives manipulate on lists |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (1) |
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Some simple examples in Lisp |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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The Prolog programming language |
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84 | (19) |
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The elements of Prolog programs |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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The declarative and procedural views of a Prolog program |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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The execution of Prolog programs |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Dynamic database handling predicates |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Expression-handling predicates |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Some simple examples in Prolog |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (6) |
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Components of an expert system shell |
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104 | (1) |
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Basic functions and services in an expert system shell |
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105 | (4) |
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109 | (18) |
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The architecture of real-time expert systems |
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110 | (4) |
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111 | (2) |
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The intelligent subsystem |
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113 | (1) |
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Synchronization and communication between real-time and intelligent subsystems |
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114 | (2) |
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Synchronization and communication primitives |
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114 | (1) |
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Priority handling and time-out |
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115 | (1) |
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Data exchange between the real-time and the intelligent subsystems |
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116 | (5) |
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117 | (2) |
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The blackboard architecture |
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119 | (2) |
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Software engineering of real-time expert systems |
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121 | (6) |
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The software lifecycle of real-time expert systems |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (26) |
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Sign and interval calculus |
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128 | (4) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (13) |
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Constraint type qualitative differential equations |
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132 | (6) |
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The solution of QDEs: the qualitative simulation algorithm |
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138 | (1) |
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Initial data for the simulation |
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138 | (1) |
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Steps of the simulation algorithm |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (3) |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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Signed directed graph (SDG) models |
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148 | (5) |
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The structure graph of state-space models |
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148 | (3) |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (38) |
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154 | (24) |
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The basic components of Petri nets |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (8) |
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The formal definition of Petri nets |
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162 | (1) |
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The firing of transitions |
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162 | (3) |
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Special cases and extensions |
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165 | (1) |
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Source and sink transitions |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (4) |
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172 | (3) |
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Decomposition of Petri nets |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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The state-space of Petri nets |
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177 | (1) |
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The use of Petri nets for intelligent control |
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178 | (1) |
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The analysis of Petri nets |
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178 | (13) |
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Analysis Problems for Petri Nets |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Reachability and Coverability |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (5) |
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Analysis with matrix equations |
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186 | (5) |
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191 | (36) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (23) |
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192 | (8) |
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200 | (1) |
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Primitive fuzzy set operations |
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201 | (4) |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (1) |
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Relation between fuzzy sets |
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209 | (2) |
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Implication between fuzzy sets |
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211 | (3) |
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214 | (1) |
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Rule-based fuzzy controllers |
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215 | (12) |
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Design of fuzzy controllers |
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216 | (1) |
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The input and output signals |
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216 | (1) |
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The selection of universes and membership functions |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (3) |
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The operation of fuzzy controllers |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (2) |
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An Example of a Real-Time Expert System |
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227 | (24) |
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Knowledge representation in G2 |
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228 | (2) |
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The organization of the knowledge base |
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230 | (9) |
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Objects and object definitions |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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Connections and relations |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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Reasoning and simulation in G2 |
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239 | (2) |
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The real-time inference engine |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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Tools for developing and debugging knowledge bases |
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241 | (6) |
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The developers' interface |
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241 | (1) |
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The graphic representation |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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The interactive text editor |
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242 | (1) |
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The interactive icon editor |
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243 | (1) |
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Knowledge base handling tools |
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244 | (1) |
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Documenting in the knowledge base |
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245 | (1) |
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Tracing and debugging facilities |
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246 | (1) |
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The access control facility |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (3) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Messages, message board and logbook |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
| Appendices |
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251 | (30) |
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A- A Brief Overview of Computer Controlled Systems |
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251 | (24) |
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1. Basic notions in systems and control theory |
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251 | (1) |
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1.1 Signals and signal spaces |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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2. State-space models of linear and nonlinear systems |
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253 | (1) |
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2.1 State-space models of LTI systems |
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254 | (1) |
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2.2 State-space models of nonlinear systems |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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3. Common functions of a computer controlled system |
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258 | (1) |
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3.1 Primary data processing |
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258 | (2) |
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3.2 Process monitoring functions |
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260 | (1) |
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3.3 Process control functions |
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260 | (2) |
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3.4 Functional design requirements |
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262 | (1) |
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4. Real-time software systems |
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262 | (1) |
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4.1 Characteristics of real-time software systems |
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262 | (2) |
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4.2 Elements of real-time software systems |
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264 | (1) |
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4.3 Tasks in a real-time system |
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264 | (4) |
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5. Software elements of computer controlled systems |
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268 | (1) |
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5.1 Characteristic data structures of computer controlled systems |
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268 | (1) |
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5.1.1 Raw measured data and measured data files |
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269 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Primary processing data file |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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5.2 Typical tasks of computer controlled systems |
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272 | (1) |
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5.2.1 Measurement device handling |
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272 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Primary and secondary processing |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Controller(s) and actuator handling |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (6) |
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275 | (2) |
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2. Dynamic model equations |
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277 | (1) |
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2.1 Differential (balance) equations |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (2) |
| References |
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281 | (8) |
| Index |
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289 | (12) |
| About the Authors |
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301 | |
