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Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics

Author(s): Prosper, Harrison B.; Danilov, Michael
Edition: 1st
ISBN10: 1402001576
ISBN13: 9781402001574
Cover: Hardcover
 
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SummaryTable of Contents
As its predecessors, this, the eleventh ASI on Techniques and Concepts of High Energy Physics discusses the latest advances in the field, with contributions which are sufficiently detailed to be useful to advanced graduate students looking for an introduction to contemporary ideas in high energy physics, but not so long as to be burdensome. The present volume covers a wide range of topics from particle detectors to string theory at a level that should be useful to advanced graduate students specializing in experimental high energy physics. The volume includes a timely historical perspective on the past thirty years of the field.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in St. Croix, Virgin Islands. Covers a wide range of topics from particle detectors to string theory.
Preface xiii
The Standard Model: 30 Years of Glory
1(50)
Jacques Lefrancois
Introduction
1(1)
QCD
2(20)
Deep inelastic at SLAC
2(3)
Neutrino scattering results (1972-1974)
5(2)
R(e+e-)
7(1)
Scaling violation
8(2)
Drell-Yan reactions
10(5)
Observation of jets
15(5)
Gluon jet observation
20(2)
Weak interaction and quark and lepton families
22(21)
Neutral current discovery (1973-1974)
22(7)
Discovery of the W and Z bosons
29(2)
The collider
31(1)
The experimental apparatus
32(3)
A new quark: Charm (The 1974 ``November revolution'')
35(5)
The third family: the T lepton and b quark
40(1)
τ discovery
40(1)
b quark discovery
41(2)
LEP and SLC: The ideal machines for Standard Model Studies
43(6)
The detectors
44(3)
Electroweak results
47(2)
Conclusion
49(2)
Bremsstrahlung
51(46)
Yuri L. Dokshitzer
Introduction
51(1)
Small coupling, large logarithms and evolution
52(13)
Logarithm is not a function
53(1)
Puzzle of DIS and QCD partons
54(2)
QCD DIS minutes
56(2)
LLA parton evolution
58(1)
Space-like parton evolution
58(1)
Time-like parton cascades
59(1)
Apparent and hidden in parton dynamics
60(2)
Fluctuation Time and Evolution Times: Coherence
62(2)
Vanishing of the forward inelastic diffraction
64(1)
Bremsstrahlung, coherence, conservation of current
65(15)
Photon Bremsstrahlung
65(2)
Classical Consideration
67(1)
Soft radiation cross Section
68(1)
Low-Barnett-Kroll wisdom
69(1)
Soft Photons don't carry quantum numbers
70(1)
Gribov Bremsstrahlung theorem
71(1)
Soft Gluons don't carry away no color
71(2)
Independent and coherent radiation
73(1)
The role of interference: strict angular ordering
74(1)
Angular ordering on the back of envelope
75(2)
Time delay and decoherence effects
77(3)
Back to QCD
80(17)
QCD scattering and cross-channel radiation
80(4)
Conservation of color and QCD angular ordering
84(3)
Humpbacked plateau and LPHD
87(1)
Solving the DIS evolution
87(2)
Coherent hump
89(2)
Coherent damping of the Landau singularity
91(1)
Brave gluon counting
92(2)
QCD Radiophysics
94(1)
Soft confinement
95(2)
Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe
97(46)
V. A. Rubakov
Introduction
97(4)
Non-conservation of baryon number
101(9)
Grand unified theories
101(2)
Anomalous electroweak non-conservation of fermion quantum numbers
103(7)
Hot Big Bang
110(1)
Grand unified baryogenesis
111(5)
Baryogenesis in decays of ultra-heavy particles
111(3)
Survival of primordial baryon asymmetry
114(2)
Leptogenesis
116(3)
Electroweak baryogenesis
119(15)
Preliminaries
119(1)
Electroweak phase transition
120(2)
Electroweak sphalerons after the phase transition
122(2)
Sources of CP-violation in the EW theory and its extensions
124(1)
Uniform scalar fields
125(4)
Asymmetry from fermion-domain wall interactions
129(5)
Conclusions
134(9)
Introduction to Superstring Theory
143(46)
John H. Schwarz
Introduction
143(1)
Lecture 1: Overview and Motivation
144(10)
Supersymmetry
146(1)
Basic Ideas of String Theory
147(1)
A Brief History of String Theory
148(1)
Compactification
149(1)
Perturbation Theory
150(1)
The Second Superstring Revolution
151(1)
The Origins of Gauge Symmetry
152(1)
Conclusion
153(1)
Lecture 2: String Theory Basics
154(13)
World-Line Description of a Point Particle
155(1)
World-Volume Actions
156(2)
Boundary Conditions
158(2)
Quantization
160(1)
The Free String Spectrum
161(3)
The Number of Physical States
164(1)
The Structure of String Perturbation Theory
165(1)
Recapitulation
166(1)
Lecture 3: Superstrings
167(9)
The Gauge-Fixed Theory
168(1)
The R and NS Sectors
169(2)
The GSO Projection
171(2)
Type II Superstrings
173(1)
Anomalies
174(1)
Heterotic Strings
175(1)
T Duality
175(1)
Lecture 4: From Superstrings to M Theory
176(13)
M Theory
178(2)
Type II p-branes
180(1)
Type IIB Superstring Theory
181(2)
The D3-Brane and N = 4 Gauge Theory
183(2)
Conclusion
185(4)
Neutrino Mass and Oscillations
189(62)
Janet Conrad
Introduction
189(1)
Neutrinos in the Standard Model
190(7)
Direct Measurements of Neutrino Mass
197(5)
Motivating Neutrino Mass and Sterile Neutrinos in the Theory
202(3)
Neutrino Oscillation Formalism
205(6)
Experimental Signals for Oscillations
211(20)
The Solar Neutrino Deficit
211(5)
The Atmospheric Neutrino Deficit
216(7)
The LSND Signal
223(8)
Experiments Which Set Limits on Oscillations
231(5)
Limits on νμ ↔ νe oscillations
231(1)
Limits on νμ ↔ ντ oscillations
232(3)
Limits on νe ↔ ντ oscillations
235(1)
Theoretical Interpretation of the Data
236(2)
The Future (Near and Far)
238(8)
Future Tests of Solar Neutrino Oscillations
238(2)
Future Tests of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations
240(3)
Future Tests of the LSND Signal
243(2)
And Beyond...
245(1)
Conclusions
246(5)
New Developments in Charged Particle Tracking
251(62)
Andreas S. Schwarz
Introduction
251(1)
Experimental Environment - New Challenges
252(7)
e+e- B factories - Belle and BaBar
253(1)
Heavy Ion Physics - ALICE at the LHC
254(1)
Hadronic B factories - HERA-B
255(2)
The High Energy Frontier - ATLAS and CMS at the LHC
257(2)
Charged Particle Tracking with Gaseous Detectors
259(15)
Ionization of Gases by Charged Particles
259(1)
Drift and Diffusion
260(5)
Gas amplification
265(6)
The Choice of the Gas Mixture
271(1)
Generic Gaseous Tracking Detectors
272(2)
Charged Particle Tracking with Semiconductor Detectors
274(8)
Historical Remarks
274(1)
Basic Semiconductor Physics
275(1)
The p - n diode junction
276(4)
Position Sensitive Silicon Detectors
280(1)
Comparison of Silicon and Gaseous Detectors
281(1)
Radiation Damage Issues - (a) Gaseous Detectors
282(9)
Introduction and Historical Remarks
282(1)
Aging Mechanisms - Case Studies
282(1)
The Choice of the Gas Composition
283(2)
Gas Contamination
285(2)
Anode/Cathode Material
287(2)
Gain and Irradiation Type
289(1)
Recommendations/Conclusions
290(1)
Radiation Damage Issues - (b) Silicon Detectors
291(7)
New Tracking Systems - Selected Example
298(9)
The ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker
300(3)
The HERA-B Outer Tracker
303(4)
Summary
307(6)
Issues in Calorimetry
313(56)
Fabiola Gianotti
Introduction
313(2)
Physics of electromagnetic showers
315(3)
Energy resolution of electromagnetic calorimeters
318(6)
Stochastic term
319(2)
Noise term
321(1)
Constant term
321(1)
Additional contributions
322(2)
Physics of hadronic showers
324(1)
Energy resolution of hadronic calorimeters
325(4)
Muons and neutrinos
325(1)
Strong interactions
325(1)
Saturation effects
326(1)
Non compensation
326(2)
Compensation techniques
328(1)
Calorimeter performance requirements
329(5)
Main calorimeter techniques
334(22)
Homogeneous calorimeters
334(1)
Semiconductor calorimeters
335(1)
Cerenkov calorimeters
336(2)
Scintillation calorimeters
338(8)
Noble liquid calorimeters
346(3)
Sampling calorimeters
349(1)
Scintillation sampling calorimeters
350(1)
Gas sampling calorimeters
350(1)
Solid-state sampling calorimeters
351(1)
Liquid sampling calorimeters
351(5)
Calorimeter calibration
356(5)
Calorimeter integration in an experiment
361(3)
Impact of material
362(2)
Particle identification
364(1)
Conclusions
364(5)
An Update on the Properties of the Top Quark
369(12)
T. Ferbel
Introduction
369(3)
More on mass and cross Section
372(2)
Search for decay of top into a charged Higgs
374(1)
Helicity of the W and spin correlations in top decays
375(2)
Conclusion
377(4)
Accelerator Physics and Circular Colliders
381(8)
John M. Jowett
Accelerator Physics Concepts
381(1)
Present Day Circular Colliders
382(2)
Future Circular Colliders
384(5)
Workshop on Confidence Limits
389(12)
Harrison B. Prosper
Introduction
389(1)
Goal of Workshop
390(1)
Main Issues
391(8)
What is probability?
391(2)
What are confidence limits?
393(1)
Neyman
393(2)
Feldman and Cousins: The Unified Approach
395(1)
Alex Read: The CLs Method
396(1)
Bayesian
397(1)
How should one handle nuisance parameters?
398(1)
What can we agree on?
398(1)
Conclusions
399(2)
Participants 401(4)
Index 405

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