Body, Soul, and Life Everlasting : Biblical

This widely acclaimed study of biblical anthropology is available once more along with a substantial new preface by the author. Fully engaged with theological, philosophical, and scientific discussions on the nature of human persons and, their destiny beyond the grave, John Cooper's fascinating defense of "holistic dualism" remains the most satisfying and biblical response to come from the monism-dualism debate. First published in 1989, Body, Soul, and Life Everlasting is required reading for anyone interested in the mind-body question.

John W. Cooper is professor of philosophical theology at Calvin Theological Seminary, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Acknowledgments

xiii

Preface to the Second Printing

xv

Introduction The Body-Soul Question: Still A Vexing Problem

1

(6)

Traditional Christian Anthropology and Its Modern Critics

7

(26)

Early Christian Views of the Afterlife

7

(3)

Dualistic Anthropologies

10

(6)

Augustine

10

(1)

Thomas Aquinas

11

(2)

John Calvin

13

(1)

Rene Descartes

14

(1)

Conclusion

15

(1)

Nondualistic Philosophical Anthropologies

16

(5)

Thomas Hobbes and Materialism

16

(2)

Baruch Spinoza and Dual-Aspect Monism

18

(2)

Conclusion

20

(1)

The Scientific Challenge to Dualism

21

(2)

The Challenge to Dualism from Biblical Scholarship

23

(2)

The Historical-Theological Challenge to Dualism

25

(1)

The Challenge to Dualism from Christian Orthopraxis

26

(5)

Conclusion

31

(2)

Old Testament Anthropology: The Holistic Emphasis

33

(19)

Introduction: The State of the Debate

33

(4)

Traditional Christian Dualism

33

(1)

Modern Christian Antidualism

34

(2)

Some Questions

36

(1)

The Holistic Emphasis of the Old Testament

37

(8)

Antidualist Emphases

37

(1)

Old Testament Anthropological Terms

38

(5)

Preliminary Results for the Holism-Dualism Debate

43

(2)

Philosophical Reflections

45

(7)

The Old Testament, Holism, and Monism

45

(4)

The Old Testament and Philosophical Anthropology

49

(3)

Old Testament Anthropology: The Dualistic Implication

52

(21)

The Old Testament View of Existence after Death

52

(14)

Introduction: The Rephaim in Sheol

52

(2)

Sheol

54

(1)

Existence in Sheol

55

(4)

Terminology for the Dead

59

(3)

Hope Beyond the Grave; Resurrection

62

(4)

Philosophical Reflection: Holistic Dualism

66

(7)

Clarifying the Anthropological Image

66

(3)

Dualism: The Inescapable Implication of Existence in Sheol

69

(1)

Holistic Dualism: Philosophical Implication of Old Testament Anthropology

70

(3)

The Anthropology of Intertestamental Eschatology

73

(21)

Introduction

73

(1)

Intertestamental Views of the Afterlife

74

(17)

Old Testament Background

74

(2)

Sheol and the Sadducees

76

(1)

The Immortality of the Soul

77

(1)

Varieties of Resurrection

78

(3)

The Intermediate State

81

(4)

Hellenistic Dualism?

85

(1)

Where Are the Dead? A Topography of the Afterlife

86

(3)

The Pharisees

89

(2)

Summary and Conclusions

91

(3)

The Monism-Dualism Debate about New Testament Anthropology

94

(16)

Introduction

94

(2)

A Preliminary Assessment of the Case for Dualism

96

(3)

A Preliminary Assessment of the Case for Monism

99

(5)

The Key Issue: What Happens When We Die?

104

(4)

An Intermediate State Presupposes Dualism

104

(2)

Alternative One: Immediate Resurrection

106

(1)

Alternative Two: Extinction-Re-creation

107

(1)

The Strategy for Concluding the Debate

108

(2)

Anthropology And Personal Eschatology in the New Testament: The Non-Pauline Writings

110

(24)

Introduction: Refining the Terms of the Debate

110

(2)

Dualism in the Anthropological Terminology

112

(7)

``Spirit''

112

(3)

``Soul''

115

(4)

Summary on ``Soul'' and ``Spirit''

119

(1)

Is There a Non-Pauline Eschatology?

119

(13)

The Time of the Resurrection

120

(1)

The God of the Living

121

(1)

The Transfiguration

122

(2)

The Rich Man and Lazarus

124

(3)

Jesus and the Thief on the Cross

127

(2)

Where Was Jesus Between Good Friday and Easter Sunday?

129

(3)

Provisional Conclusion

132

(2)

Anthropology And Personal Eschatology in the New Testament: The Pauline Epistles

134

(24)

Introduction

134

(1)

Relevant Pauline Texts

135

(19)

Acts 23:6-8

135

(2)

I Thessalonians 4:13-18

137

(2)

I Corinthians 15

139

(2)

II Corinthians 5:1-10

141

(8)

II Corinthians 12:1-4

149

(2)

Philippians 1:21-24

151

(2)

The Time of the Resurrection in Philippians and Romans

153

(1)

Conclusions

154

(4)

Paul

154

(2)

The New Testament as a Whole

156

(2)

New Testament Eschatology and Philosophical Anthropology

158

(21)

Introduction

158

(1)

The Intermediate State and Dualism

159

(5)

Immediate Resurrection: Monism or Dualism?

164

(5)

Monism, Re-creation, and the Problem of Personal Identity

169

(8)

Conclusion

177

(2)

Practical And Theological Objections against Dualism

179

(25)

Introduction: The Case Is Not Completely Closed

179

(1)

Objection One: Dualism Undermines Christian Orthopraxis

180

(11)

The Problem

180

(2)

Religious Dualism

182

(2)

Axiological Dualism

184

(3)

Functional Dualism

187

(3)

Social Dualism

190

(1)

Conclusion

190

(1)

Objection Two: At Death We Pass out of Time; There Is No Intermediate State

191

(3)

Objection Three: The Whole Person Does Not Die

194

(2)

Objection Four: An Immortal Soul Is Postulated

196

(2)

Objection Five: Dualism Is a Result of the Fall; It Is Not Inherent in Creation

198

(2)

Objection Six: The Bible Depicts the Dead as Bodily Beings, Not Immaterial Spirits

200

(2)

Conclusion

202

(2)

Holistic Dualism, Science, and Philosophy

204

(1)

Introduction: The Final Topic of Debate

204

(1)

Dualism and Science

205

(1)

Brain Physiology

205

(4)

Psychology

209

(1)

The Question of Holism

210

(2)

The Psychology of Near-Death Experiences

212

(3)

Anthropological Dualism in Philosophy

215

(1)

Introduction

215

(1)

John Cobb and Process Philosophy

216

(4)

Richard Swinburne and Dualistic Interactionism

220

(2)

Pope John Paul II and Lublin Thomism

222

(4)

Herman Dooyeweerd and Neo-Calvinist Philosophy

226

(4)

Summary

230

(1)

Final Conclusion: Holistic Dualism Vindicated

230

(3)

INDEXES

Index of Subjects

233

(3)

Index of Authors

236

(3)

Index of Scripture References

239

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Body, Soul, and Life Everlasting : Biblical Anthropology and the Monism-Dualism Debate

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials