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Science > Radiation

Item Detail

TERRESTRIAL RADIATIVE TRANSFER: MODELING, COMPUTATION, AND DATA ANALYSIS

Author(s): Natsuyama, H.h.

Edition: 1st

ISBN10: 4431702067

ISBN13: 9784431702061

Cover: Paperback

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Provides a modern treatment of both direct and inverse problems applicable to the remote sensing of earth from space or from the air. Paper.

Basic Concepts

(18)

Introduction

(1)

Invariant imbedding and a simple model of reflection

(3)

Computation of reflection function

(4)

Internal intensity and source functions

(2)

Internal intensity model

(1)

Source function

(1)

Physical/mathematical descriptions

(3)

Intensity of radiation and source function

(2)

Discussion

(3)

References

(2)

Inhomogeneous Plane-Parallel Atmospheres

(54)

Introduction

(1)

Diffuse Reflection and Transmission

(7)

The physical problem

(1)

Invariant imbedding

(6)

Computational method and results

(10)

Discretization by Gaussian quadrature

(1)

Numerical integration of a system of differential equations

(3)

Computational procedure for reflection matrix

(1)

Computational results

(5)

Internal Intensity and Source Functions

(12)

Basic Cauchy problem

(7)

Computational method

(2)

Computational results

(3)

Internal Emitting Sources

(8)

Emergent intensity

(2)

Computational results for emergent intensities

(2)

Source function

(1)

Internal intensity functions

(2)

Analytical derivation of Cauchy problems

(1)

Reflecting Surfaces

(6)

Lambert surface reflector

(1)

Computational method and results

(1)

Specular reflector

(2)

Equivalence relationships between cases with reflecting and absorbing surfaces

(1)

Discussion

(1)

Omnidirectional Illumination

(6)

Introduction

(1)

The b and h functions

(3)

Computational method and results

(1)

Monodirectional illumination

(1)

Internal emitting sources

(1)

Discussion

(4)

References

(3)

Inverse Problems

(26)

Introduction

(1)

Associative memories

(7)

Associative memory method

(1)

Computational procedure

(1)

Computational experiments

(1)

Albedo estimation

(2)

Estimation of thickness

(1)

Estimation of thickness with different training sets

(1)

Extrapolation and interpolation in estimation of thickness

(1)

Percent error in estimates of thickness

(1)

Discussion

(1)

Quasilinearization

(6)

Model equations

(1)

Inverse problem

(1)

Quasilinearization problem

(1)

Quasilinearization theory

(2)

Quasilinearization method

(1)

FEED automatic derivative evaluation

(4)

Introduction to FEED

(1)

Description of FEED by an example

(2)

Remarks and extensions

(1)

Inverse problems for inhomogeneous media and effect of criterion on estimates

(5)

Inverse problems for layered media

(1)

Estimation of optical thickness

(1)

Numerical results for albedo of a layered medium

(1)

Numerical results for a parabolic albedo profile

(1)

Effect of optimizing criterion

(1)

Monte Carlo and the effect of noise on estimates

(2)

Other inversion techniques

(1)

Discussion

(2)

References

(1)

Anisotropic Scattering

(20)

Introduction

(4)

One-dimensional reflection function

100

(1)

One-dimensional transmission function

101

(2)

Phase function dependent on polar angles

103

(1)

Basic equations

103

(1)

Computation

104

(1)

Phase function expandable in Legendre polynomials

104

(3)

Basic equations

104

(1)

Expansion approximation

105

(1)

Computation

106

(1)

Estimation of Phase Function

107

(3)

Estimation problem

107

(1)

Computational results

108

(2)

Flux Equivalences

110

(5)

Introduction

110

(1)

Reflected and transmitted fluxes with isotropic scattering

110

(1)

Reflected and transmitted fluxes with Rayleigh scattering in a slab

111

(1)

Approximate formulas

111

(1)

Computational results

112

(3)

Three-Dimensional Reflection and Transmission

115

(1)

Three-dimensional medium

115

(1)

Reflection function

115

(1)

Concluding Remarks

116

(3)

References

118

(1)

Finite Orders of Scattering

119

(16)

Introduction

119

(2)

Scattering and Transmission Functions of Finite Order

121

(3)

Finite order scattering functions

121

(1)

Finite order transmission functions

122

(2)

The Auxiliary Equation and its Solution

124

(3)

Cumulative Functions

127

(5)

Discussion

132

(3)

References

133

(2)

Scattering Matrix

135

(20)

Introduction

135

(1)

The Scattering Matrix

136

(4)

The Homogeneous Medium

140

(1)

The Transport Equation

141

(2)

The Star-Semi-Group

143

(1)

The n Terms Solutions

144

(1)

The Discrete Case

145

(2)

The Time-Dependent Case

147

(6)

Concluding Remarks

153

(2)

References

154

(1)

Atmospheric Correction

155

(24)

Introduction

155

(1)

Radiative Processes in the Atmosphere

156

(4)

Diffuse radiance in the atmosphere

156

(2)

Atmospheric models

158

(2)

Atmospheric Correction for Landsat Data

160

(2)

Single-reflection approximation

160

(1)

Correction procedure (convolution method)

161

(1)

Results and discussion

162

(1)

Atmospheric Correction for Aircraft Data

162

(2)

Evaluation of the internal radiation field

162

(1)

Results and Discussion

163

(1)

Outline of the AECS Software

164

(2)

General Models and Approximations

166

(9)

General solution

167

(5)

Approximation methods

172

(3)

Results and Discussion

175

(4)

References

176

(3)

Topographic Effects in Terrestrial Remote Sensing

179

(8)

Introduction

179

(1)

Flat Terrain

179

(2)

Three-dimensional model

179

(1)

Bidirectional reflectance

180

(1)

Three-dimensional scattering function

181

(1)

Rugged Terrain

181

(1)

Model of rugged terrain

181

(1)

Target ground albedo

181

(1)

Computational results

182

(1)

Model Rendering

182

(2)

Introduction

182

(1)

Model rendering integral equation

183

(1)

Approximate solution

183

(1)

Topographic and atmospheric correction of satellite data

184

(1)

Topographic correction

184

(1)

Estimation of ground albedo

184

(1)

Discussion

185

(2)

References

186

(1)

Searchlight Problem

187

(12)

Introduction

187

(1)

Basic Equations

188

(1)

Equation of Transfer

189

(2)

Asymptotic Solutions

191

(2)

Approximations

193

(2)

Numerical Simulation

195

(2)

Conclusions

197

(2)

References

198

(1)

Transfer of Radiation with Spherical Symmetry

199

(28)

Introduction

199

(1)

Intensity and Operations

199

(2)

Transfer of Radiation

201

(3)

Coefficients of the Medium

204

(2)

State and Local Form

206

(2)

The Reflecting Core

208

(3)

Special Cases and Applications

211

(6)

External illumination

212

(3)

Internal illumination

215

(2)

Numerical Solution of functional Equations for Spherical Geometry

217

(1)

Numerical Estimation of Derivatives

218

(1)

Perturbation Approximation

219

(2)

Numerical Results

221

(3)

Discussion

224

(3)

References

226

(1)

Bibliography

227

(8)

A. Appendix A The Physical Problem of Radiative Transfer

235

(16)

A.1 The Intensity of Radiation

235

(2)

A.2 The Absorption and the Scattering Coeffcients

237

(1)

A.3 The Phase Function

238

(1)

A.4 The Emission Coefficient, The Mean Intensity and the Source Function

239

(2)

A.5 The Net Flux and the Density of Radiation

241

(2)

A.6 The Equation of Transfer

243

(6)

A.7 Discussion

249

(2)

References

250

(1)

B. Appendix B Derivation and Validation of Imbedding Equations

251

(12)

B.1 Introduction

251

(1)

B.2 Source Function

251

(5)

B.2.1 Integral equation

251

(2)

B.2.2 Derivation of the integral equation

253

(1)

B.2.3 The Φ function

254

(1)

B.2.4 Analytical derivation of the imbedding equations

255

(1)

B.3 Reflected Intensities

256

(1)

B.3.1 The S function

256

(1)

B.3.2 Imbedding equations

257

(1)

B.4 Internal Intensities

257

(2)

B.4.1 Introduction

257

(1)

B.4.2 Imbedding equations

258

(1)

B.4.3 Discussion

258

(1)

B.5 The Fredholm Resolvent

259

(2)

B.5.1 Resolvent for Fredholm integral equations

259

(1)

B.5.2 Resolvent for radiative transfer in a homogeneous slab

259

(2)

B.5.3 Invariant imbedding for the resolvent

261

(1)

B.6 Discussion

261

(2)

References

262

(1)

C. Appendix C Greenhouse Effect

263

(8)

C.1 Introduction

263

(1)

C.2 Integral Equation for Source Function

264

(1)

C.3 Invariant Imbedding

264

(4)

C.4 Computational Method

268

(1)

C.5 Computational Results

268

(3)

References

270

(1)

D. Appendix D Identification of an Atmospheric Medium

271

(6)

D.1 Introduction

271

(1)

D.2 Scattering Matrix from Matrix of Medium Coefficients M(z)

271

(2)

D.3 Scattering Matrix from Inputs and Outputs

273

(1)

D.4 Relationship between Scattering Matrices

273

(2)

D.5 Conclusion

275

(2)

References

276

(1)

Index

277

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