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1 | (7) |
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1.1 History of Research Efforts |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Process of Compilation |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Scope, Hierarchic System, and Methodology of Assessment |
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4 | (2) |
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1.3.1 Scope of assessment |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Hierarchic system of assessment |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Methodology of assessment |
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4 | (2) |
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1.4 The Laws, Regulations and Agencies Related to Environmental Protection |
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6 | (2) |
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1.4.1 The laws and regulations related to environmental protection |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Agencies for environmental protection |
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7 | (1) |
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2 OBJECTIVES AND SCENARIO ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT |
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8 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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2.2 Comparison and Selection of Project Alternatives |
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8 | (2) |
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2.2.1 Comparison and selection of NPL scenarios |
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8 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Comparison and selection of the dam sites |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (8) |
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10 | (1) |
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3.2 Schedule, Work Quantities, and Investment in Construction of the Project |
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10 | (2) |
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3.2.1 Construction schedule |
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10 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Major work quantities of the Project |
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12 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Investment estimation |
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12 | (1) |
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3.3 Reservoir Characteristics and Operating Mode |
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12 | (2) |
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3.3.1 Reservoir characteristics |
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12 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Reservoir operating mode |
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13 | (1) |
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3.4 Variation in Hydrological and Sediment Regime |
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14 | (1) |
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3.5 Reservoir Impoundment and Resettlement |
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15 | (1) |
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3.6 Major Benefits from the Project |
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16 | (1) |
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3.7 Major Environmental Benefits |
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17 | (1) |
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4 ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND |
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18 | (7) |
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4.1 Environmental Setting of the Basin |
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18 | (1) |
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4.2 Environmental Setting of the Reservoir Area |
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19 | (2) |
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4.3 Major Environmental Problems in the Basin and the Reservoir Area |
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21 | (4) |
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4.3.1 Soil erosion in the upper basin |
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21 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Ecological and environmental issues in the reservoir area |
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21 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Flood and waterlogging in the plain region of the middle and lower basins |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Ecology and environment of the lower reaches and the estuary |
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24 | (1) |
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5 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT |
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25 | (20) |
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25 | (2) |
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5.1.1 Climatic features in the reservoir area |
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25 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Prediction and assessment of impacts on the local climate |
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25 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Countermeasures and suggestions |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (3) |
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27 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Impact prediction and assessment |
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28 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Countermeasures and suggestions |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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5.3.1 Water temperature condition of the natural river channel |
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30 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Prediction and assessment of the impacts on water temperature |
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31 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Countermeasures and suggestions |
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31 | (1) |
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5.4 Environmental Geology |
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32 | (1) |
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5.4.1 Stability analysis of the earths crust |
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32 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Reservoir induced seismicity |
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32 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Reservoir bank stability |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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5.5 Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Countermeasures and suggestions |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Prediction and assessment of the impacts |
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35 | (1) |
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5.6.3 Countermeasures and suggestions |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (3) |
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35 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Prediction and assessment of the impacts |
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36 | (1) |
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5.7.3 Countermeasures and suggestions |
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37 | (1) |
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5.8 Sediment Deposition in the Reservoir and Channel Scouring Down-stream the Dam |
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38 | (2) |
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5.8.1 Sediment inflow characteristics and regulation scheme of the reservoir |
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38 | (1) |
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5.8.2 Sediment deposition and its impacts |
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38 | (1) |
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5.8.3 Impacts on downstream riverbed erosion |
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39 | (1) |
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5.9 Environmental Issues in the Lake Areas in the Middle Reaches |
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40 | (2) |
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5.9.1 Environmental setting |
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40 | (1) |
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5.9.2 Impacts on the four-lake region |
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41 | (1) |
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5.9.3 Impacts on the Dongting Lake region and the Poyang Lake region |
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42 | (1) |
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5.9.4 Countermeasures and suggestions |
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42 | (1) |
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5.10 Ecological and Environmental Issues in the Estuary Region |
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42 | (3) |
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5.10.1 Impacts on estuarine runoff |
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42 | (1) |
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5.10.2 Impacts on salt-water intrusion in the estuary |
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43 | (1) |
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5.10.3 Impacts on the trend of soil salinization in the estuarine delta |
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43 | (1) |
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5.10.4 Impacts on sedimentation and erosion in the estuary |
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43 | (1) |
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5.10.5 Impacts on nutrients and fishery in the estuary and the coastal areas |
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44 | (1) |
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5.10.6 Countermeasures and suggestions |
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44 | (1) |
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6 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ON THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT |
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45 | (13) |
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6.1 Reservoir Inundation and Resettlement |
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45 | (3) |
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6.1.1 General description of the inundation and resettlement |
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45 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Assessment of impact of resettlement on the environment |
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47 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Countermeasures and suggestions |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Impacts on prevalence of other diseases |
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49 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Impacts of construction and resettlement on public health and countermeasures |
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50 | (1) |
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6.3 Natural Landscape and Historic Relics |
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51 | (2) |
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6.3.1 Features of natural landscape and historic relics |
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51 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Impacts on the natural landscape |
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51 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Impacts on historic relics and cultural heritages |
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52 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Countermeasures and suggestions |
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53 | (1) |
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6.4 Impacts of Construction on the Environment |
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53 | (5) |
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6.4.1 The layout of construction and its features |
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53 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Environmental background |
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54 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Impacts of construction |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (2) |
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7 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF PUBLIC CONCERNS |
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58 | (4) |
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7.1 Whether will Construction of the Three Gorges Project Aggravate the Upstream Flood Damage |
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58 | (1) |
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7.2 Species and Their Habitats |
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59 | (1) |
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7.3 Soil Erosion Control in the Upper Basin and Construction of the Shelter Forests in the Middle and Upper Basins of the Yangtze River |
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59 | (1) |
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7.4 Solid Wastes Arbitrarily Piled up Along the Banks of the Reservoir |
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60 | (1) |
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7.5 Analysis for Impacts of a Dam-breaking |
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60 | (1) |
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7.6 Impacts on the Environment in Chongqing City |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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8.1 Participation of the Affected Public |
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62 | (1) |
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8.2 Participation of Experts |
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62 | (1) |
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8.3 Participation of the Political Groups |
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63 | (1) |
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8.4 Participation of the News Media |
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63 | (1) |
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9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM |
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64 | (3) |
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9.1 Environmental and Ecological Monitoring System |
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64 | (2) |
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64 | (1) |
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9.1.2 Objectives of monitoring |
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65 | (1) |
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9.1.3 Main parameters to be monitored |
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65 | (1) |
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9.1.4 Structure of the monitoring system |
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66 | (1) |
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9.2 Environmental Management System and Its Responsibility |
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66 | (3) |
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9.2.1 Setting up an authorized system for ecological and environmental management |
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66 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Enacting laws, policies and regulations for the environmental protection in the Three Gorges Project |
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66 | (1) |
| 10 FUNDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION |
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67 | (2) |
| 11 CONCLUSIONS, COUNTERMEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS |
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69 | (3) |
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69 | (2) |
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11.2 Countermeasures and Suggestions |
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71 | (1) |
| POSTSCRIPT |
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72 | |
