Bookmarks A Guide to Research and Writing

, by Ruszkiewicz, John J.; Walker, Janice R.; Pemberton, Michael

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ISBN: 9780321271341 | 0321271343
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 4/6/2005

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Preparing students for the ever-changing demands of conducting research in today's world, Bookmarks: A Guide to Research and Writing establishes a new benchmark for college research guides, serving as a bridge between old and new traditions for researchers who expect to work regularly in both print and electronic environments. Written in a lively, conversational tone, Bookmarks: A Guide to Writing and Research, offers concrete strategies and models to help students select a topic, refine it, and develop it into a full-fledged research hypothesis; find and position sources; use sources in appropriate and responsible ways to further their projects; and document and complete their final projects for print or electronic publication. In addition to offering such practical advice, the text also asks students to consider important rhetorical issues, such as how to most effectively address an audience and how to craft a considered, balanced argument. Bookmarks encourages students to use new technologies to find reliable information and to use the technologies to locate sources that are most appropriate for their topics and purposes.

Preface

To the Writer

PART I BEGINNING RESEARCH

(42)

Starting Your Research Project

(10)

Think of yourself as a researcher and writer

(1)

Size up your assignment carefully

(2)

Focus On . . . Collaboration

Establish the hard points of your project

(2)

Define the stages of your project

(1)

Assess your strengths and weaknesses

(1)

Create a schedule for your project

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

(1)

Managing Your Project

(2)

Finding a Topic

(9)

Find a topic in your world

(1)

Connect your topic to a wider community

(1)

Browse the library in your topic area

(3)

Focus On . . . Finding a Topic

(2)

Browse the Internet

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

(1)

Managing Your Project

(1)

Establishing a Purpose

(8)

Focus On . . . Audience

(1)

Consider the topic as a question of fact

(1)

Consider the topic as a question of definition

(1)

Consider the topic as a question of value

(1)

Consider the topic as a question of cause and effect

(1)

Consider the topic as a question of consequence

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

(1)

Managing Your Project

(1)

Planning Your Research Strategy

(13)

Pose questions

(1)

Focus your topic choice carefully

(1)

Identify the information your project requires

(4)

Focus On . . . Ethics

(1)

Determine where to locate the information your project requires

(1)

Review library catalogs, databases, and Web directories

(1)

Talk to other people

(1)

Prepare a research proposal or prospectus

(5)

Sample Research Proposal

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

(1)

Managing Your Project

(1)

PART II GATHERING IDEAS AND INFORMATION

(54)

Using Library Resources

(18)

Learn about your library

(1)

Use library catalogs efficiently

(1)

Locate the reference room

(1)

Locate suitable bibliographies

(2)

Locate suitable periodical databases or indexes

(4)

Focus On . . . Electronic Databases

Consult biographical resources

(1)

Consult guides to reference works

(2)

Locate statistics

(1)

Check news sources

(2)

Check special collections

(1)

Consult government documents

(1)

Check book and film reviews

(2)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

(1)

Managing Your Project

(2)

Locating Online Resources

(15)

Find the most useful search engines

(1)

Understand how a simple keyword search works

(2)

Refine your search with Boolean operators

(1)

Truncate terms to extend your search

(1)

Refine your search with exact phrases

(2)

Use more than one search engine or database

(2)

Evaluate your electronic search

(1)

Keep a record of your search

(1)

Join in electronic conversations

(2)

Focus On . . . Listserv Etiquette

Write or email professional organizations

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

(1)

Managing Your Project

(1)

Conducting Field Research

(9)

Conduct interviews

(1)

Focus On . . . Ethics in Field Research

(1)

Conduct surveys

(3)

Make systematic observations

(4)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

(1)

Managing Your Project

(2)

Keeping Track of Information

(10)

Organize and safeguard your materials

(1)

Prepare a working bibliography

(3)

Focus On . . . Citing Databases Correctly

(1)

Prepare an annotated bibliography

(3)

Sample Annotated Bibliography

(2)

Make copies of important sources

(1)

Back up your work frequently

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

(1)

Managing Your Project

(2)

PART III WORKING WITH SOURCES

(54)

Understanding Academic Responsibility and Avoiding Plagiarism

100

(8)

Understand the ethics of research

100

(1)

Avoid intentional and unintentional plagiarism

101

(2)

Focus On . . . Avoiding Plagiarism

103

(1)

Understand the special nature of collaborative projects

103

(1)

Understand intellectual property rights

104

(1)

Understand the special nature of online resources

104

(1)

Using graphics or audio or video files

105

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

107

(1)

Managing Your Project

107

(1)

Evaluating Sources

108

(10)

Consider the relevance of your sources

108

(2)

Consider the purpose and bias of a source

110

(1)

Consider the authority and reputation of a source

110

(2)

Focus On . . . Evaluating Web Sites

114

Consider the credentials of experts, authors, and sponsoring agencies

112

(2)

Consider the timeliness and stability of a source

114

(1)

Consider how well a source presents key information

115

(1)

Consider commercial intrusions into a source

115

(1)

Consult librarians and instructors

116

(1)

Conduct interviews

116

(1)

Consult listservs and Usenet groups

116

(2)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

117

(1)

Managing Your Project

117

(1)

Reading and Annotating Sources

118

(5)

Highlight key information

119

(1)

Use marginal comments to start a dialogue with your sources

119

(4)

Sample Annotated Article

120

(1)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

121

(1)

Managing Your Project

122

(1)

Reviewing and Positioning Sources

123

(7)

Review data and resources critically

123

(1)

Position your research materials

124

(6)

Focus On . . . Balanced Arguments

125

(2)

Sample Article with Positioning Information and Sample Quotations

127

(2)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

129

(1)

Managing Your Project

129

(1)

Summarizing and Paraphrasing Sources

130

(8)

Choose whether to summarize or paraphrase a source

130

(1)

Focus On . . . Summaries and Paraphrases

131

(1)

Summarize sources effectively

131

(2)

Paraphrase sources effectively

133

(2)

Acknowledge all borrowings

135

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

136

(1)

Managing Your Project

137

(1)

Quoting Sources

138

(14)

Select direct quotations strategically

138

(2)

Introduce all direct and indirect borrowings

140

(3)

Focus On . . . Quoting from Interviews

142

(1)

Integrate graphical elements correctly

143

(1)

Handle quotation marks correctly

144

(2)

Tailor your quotations to fit your sentences

146

(1)

Use ellipses to indicate omissions

146

(2)

Use square brackets to add necessary information to a quotation

148

(1)

Use [sic] to acknowledge errors in sources

148

(1)

Present quotations correctly

149

(1)

Document the source of all quotations

150

(2)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

151

(1)

Managing Your Project

151

(1)

PART IV DEVELOPING THE PROJECT

152

(50)

Reflecting On . . . What You Have

154

(5)

Consider whether you need to do more research

154

(2)

Focus On . . . Logic

155

(1)

Consider whether you have a fair balance of sources and opinions

156

(1)

Consider whether you need to revise your purpose

156

(1)

Consider whether you need to narrow your focus

157

(2)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

157

(1)

Managing Your Project

158

(1)

Refining Your Claim

159

(7)

Be sure you have a point to make

159

(1)

Grab your reader's attention

160

(1)

Limit your claim

161

(5)

Focus On . . . Refining Your Topic Using Indexes and Tables of Contents

162

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

165

(1)

Managing Your Project

165

(1)

Organizing and Outlining

166

(12)

Create a blueprint for your project

167

(1)

Consider general patterns of organization

168

(6)

Focus On . . . Low-Tech Cutting and Pasting

174

(1)

Accommodate dissenting voices

174

(1)

Follow professional templates

175

(1)

Create a formal outline

176

(2)

Sample Formal Outline

176

(1)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

177

(1)

Managing Your Project

177

(1)

Drafting Your Project

178

(13)

Prepare a version of your project early

178

(1)

Draft your project for an audience

178

(1)

Present your material thoroughly

179

(2)

Write a strong introduction and conclusion

181

(4)

Sample Introduction and Conclusion for a Research Project

182

(3)

Make connections and use transitions

185

(1)

Write stylishly

186

(5)

Focus On . . . Writing Centers

187

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

190

(1)

Managing Your Project

190

(1)

Revising Your Project and Reviewing Documentation

191

(11)

Review your project's content and focus

191

(2)

Evaluate the organization of your project

193

(1)

Provide a source for every direct quotation

194

(1)

Provide a source for all paraphrased material

194

(2)

Focus On . . . Citing Sources Responsibly

195

(1)

Document all ideas not from common knowledge

196

(1)

Document information from field research

196

(1)

Document all material that might be questioned

197

(1)

Furnish source information for all graphics, audio files, and other borrowings

197

(1)

Furnish dates and other useful information

198

(1)

Use links to document electronic sources

198

(1)

Include all the parts your project requires

199

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

199

(1)

Managing Your Project

200

(2)

PART V PRESENTING YOUR RESEARCH

202

(56)

Designing Documents

204

(17)

Consider the formats your project might take

204

(1)

Understand the principles of document design

205

(3)

Apply design principles

208

(9)

Focus On . . . Creating Graphics and Visuals

215

(2)

Organize Web projects logically

217

(1)

Submit your project professionally

217

(4)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

220

(1)

Managing Your Project

220

(1)

Preparing Oral and Visual Presentations

221

(10)

Designing oral and visual presentations

221

(3)

Drafting oral and visual presentations

224

(3)

Delivering oral and visual presentations

227

(1)

Focus On . . . Mastering Oral Communication

228

(1)

Considering special situations

228

(3)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

230

(1)

Managing Your Project

230

(1)

Presenting Research in Many Genres

231

(27)

Presenting your research in different genres

231

(1)

Reports

232

(8)

Sample Technical Report

235

(5)

Newsletters and brochures

240

(3)

Sample Newsletter

242

(2)

Sample Brochure

244

Web sites

243

(15)

Sample Web Site

245

(11)

Web Sites Worth Knowing

256

(1)

Managing Your Project

257

(1)

PART VI DOCUMENTATION

258

(145)

COS Documentation

260

(36)

How do you use COS documentation?

260

(4)

COS form directory---Humanities (MLA)

264

(14)

Sample COS pages---Humanities (MLA)

278

(3)

COS form directory---Sciences (APA)

281

(12)

Sample COS pages---Sciences (APA)

293

(3)

MLA Documentation

296

(39)

How do you use MLA documentation?

296

(5)

MLA form directory

301

(21)

Sample MLA paper

322

(13)

APA Documentation

335

(38)

How do you use APA documentation?

335

(7)

APA form directory

342

(12)

Sample APA paper

354

(19)

CMS Documentation

373

(22)

CMS notes

373

(3)

CMS bibliographies

376

(3)

CMS form directory

379

(8)

Sample CMS paper

387

(8)

CSE Documentation

395

(8)

Provide in-text citations

396

(1)

List sources used

397

(6)

Credits

403

(4)

Index

407

(21)

Glossary of Computer Terms

428

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Bookmarks A Guide to Research and Writing

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials