Brain Injury Treatment

, by Leon-Carrion, Jose; Von Wild, Klaus R. H.; Zitnay, George A.

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ISBN: 9781841695723 | 1841695726
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 4/28/2006

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Brain Injury Treatment: Theories and Practicesis a thorough and wide-ranging account of the rehabilitation of brain injury. Written from an international perspective, this book presents a detailed discussion of the basic science of brain injury. It explains the treatments used in brain injury rehabilitation and covers new methods of rehabilitation, including complementary medicine theories. It contains a wealth of information on different neurosurgical and neuropsychological treatments. It also includes a comprehensive reference to the theories underlying rehabilitation practices and chapters on community reentry and family dynamics following brain injury. It will be an invaluable tool to students from psychology, medicine, physical and occupational therapy studying the treatment and aftercare of people with brain injury.

From the series editor

xiii

List of contributors

List of tables and figures

xviii

Note

xxiii

1 Prehospital management of traumatic brain injury

(16)

ANDY JAGODA AND JOHN BRUNS, JR

Introduction

(1)

Prehospital systems

(2)

Prehospital assessment of the TBI patient

(3)

Prehospital management of the TBI patient

(4)

Transport decisions

(1)

Conclusion

(5)

2 Mild brain injury: Detecting high-risk patients

(11)

M.A. MUÑOZ-SANCHEZ, F. MURILLO-CABEZAS, AND J. LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Introduction

(1)

Risk factors

(5)

Guidelines for the management of mild head injury

(2)

Concluding remarks

(3)

3 Organization of neurological intensive care units

(35)

JOSÉ MARIA DOMINGUEZ-ROLDÁN, CLAUDIO GARCIA-ALFARO, AND WALTER VIDETTA

History of the development of intensive care units

(3)

Neurological intensive care

(2)

Care management of patients with traumatic brain injury

(5)

Care management of patients with cerebrovascular pathology

(6)

Other pathologies in neurological intensive care

(1)

General management of neurological intensive care units

(3)

Cerebral monitoring techniques in the critical patient

(7)

Evaluating the efficiency of neurological intensive care units

(8)

4 Current concepts and strategies on early neurorehabilitation for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI): A model project according to the guidelines of the German Task Force on Early Neurological–Neurosurgical Rehabilitation

(17)

KLAUS R.H. VON WILD

Introduction

(1)

Historical remarks

(1)

Spectrum of neurorehabilitation

(2)

Coma Remission Scale

(4)

Standards

(1)

Multidisciplinary team

(4)

Technology and quality of life

(1)

Perspectives

(1)

Concluding remarks

(3)

5 Electrical treatment of coma: Experience in the eastern USA and central Japan

(37)

EDWIN COOPER AND TETSUO KANNO

Introduction

(5)

Experience in Japan with electrical stimulation for coma

(11)

Review of prognosis and outcomes in the literature

(6)

Right median nerve electrical stimulation (RMNS)

102

(8)

Discussion

110

(1)

Conclusion

110

(7)

6 Low-level responsive states

117

(27)

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN, MARIA DEL ROSARIO DOMINGUEZ-MORALES, AND JOSÉ MARIA DOMINGUEZ-ROLDÁN

Coma

117

(10)

Persistent vegetative state

127

(5)

Locked-in syndrome (LIS)

132

(5)

Minimally responsive state

137

(1)

Akinetic mutism

138

(1)

Legal aspects

138

(2)

Conclusions

140

(4)

7 Diagnosing and treating affective disorders after brain injury

144

(19)

DALE F. THOMAS AND JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Introduction

144

(1)

Epidemiological data

145

(3)

Other factors contributing to mood disturbances following brain injury

148

(2)

Suicide precautions and intervention strategies

150

(2)

Methods of treating depression and intervention strategies

152

(3)

Talk therapy in neurorehabilitation

155

(2)

Other treatment modalities to treatment of depression and anxiety

157

(1)

Concluding remarks

157

(6)

8 Sleep disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury

163

(24)

ANTONIO VELA-BUENO, E.O. BIXLER, AND A.N. VGONTZAS

Introduction

163

(1)

Dysomnia

164

(15)

Parasomnias

179

(1)

Other sleep disorders

180

(1)

Sleep complaints and sleep patterns: relation to cognitive and behavioural outcome

181

(6)

9 Rehabilitation of equilibrium and posture control after brain injury: The NeuroBird method

187

(18)

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN, EUGENE MIKHAELENOV, MARIA DEL ROSARIO DOMINGUEZ-MORALES, AND OLGA VORONINA

Introduction

187

(1)

Motor control and stability

188

(2)

The NeuroBird method: systems and strategies

190

(9)

Presentation of a case of rehabilitation of balance with the NeuroBird method

199

(3)

Concluding remarks

202

(3)

10 Neuropharmacologic management of impairment after traumatic brain injury

205

(25)

NATHAN D. ZASLER, MICHAEL F. MARTELLI AND TREVEN C. PICKETT

Introduction

205

(1)

Neurotransmitter receptors

206

(1)

Principles of therapeutics

207

(3)

Overview of pharmacologic agents by class

210

(4)

Review of treatment options for specific clinical deficits

214

(8)

Conclusions

222

(8)

11 Spasticity of cerebral origin

230

(20)

JOHN S. HONG AND CHRISTOPHER G. ZITNAY

Background

230

(2)

Clinical

232

(18)

12 Rehabilitation in water: A practical guide

250

(25)

GIANPIETRO SALVI, ANNAMARIA QUARENGHI. AND PAOLA QUARENGHI

Introduction

250

(1)

Effects of immersion on the human body

250

(1)

The effect of water on the human body

251

(1)

Therapeutic effects of water on the human body

252

(1)

Structures and means

252

(1)

Role of the physiotherapist

252

(1)

Indications for rehabilitation in water

253

(1)

Contraindications for rehabilitation in water

253

(1)

Objectives of treatment in water of patients with TBI

253

(5)

Treatment of post-TBI patients

258

(2)

Symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction problems and balance

260

(5)

Proprioceptive difficulty

265

(2)

Stiff joints

267

(3)

Stenosis due to injury to the central or peripheral nervous systems

270

(3)

Conclusion

273

(2)

13 Neuropsychological assessment of persons with acquired brain injury

275

(38)

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN, PAUL J. TAAFFE, AND JUAN MANUEL BARROSO Y MARTIN

Introduction

275

(1)

Quantitative and qualitative assessment

275

(2)

The clinical interview

277

(2)

Cognitive assessment

279

(21)

The assessment of emotions and personality

300

(3)

Social consequences of ABI and assessment

303

(2)

Concluding remarks

305

(8)

14 Sevilla Neuropsychological Test Battery (BNS) (version 2.0) for the assessment of executive functioning

313

(18)

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Sevilla computerized Neuropsychological Test Battery (BNS) (version 2.0)

313

(2)

The concept of executive functioning underlying the BNS

315

(1)

Evaluation of attentional mechanisms: letter cancellation subtests

315

(2)

Evaluation of hemianopia and hemiattention: tachitoscopic subtests of attention

317

(4)

Evaluation of memory processes and learning

321

(3)

Evaluation of neurocognitive interferences: Stroop effect

324

(1)

Assessment of decision-making capacity: the Tower of Hanoi-Sevilla

325

(2)

Neurologically-related Changes of Personality Inventory (NECHAPI)

327

(1)

Conclusions

328

(3)

15 Methods and tools for the assessment of outcome after brain injury rehabilitation

331

(23)

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Introduction

331

(1)

Scales to be used in the acute phase of TBI

332

(8)

Functional assessment measures for post-acute phase

340

(7)

Measure for emotional outcome after TBI

347

(3)

Concluding remarks

350

(4)

16 Assessment of response bias in impairment and disability examinations

354

(31)

MICHAEL F. MARTELLI, NATHAN D. ZASLER, SHANE S. BUSH, AND TREVEN C. PICKETT

Introduction

354

(1)

Examinee response biases

355

(5)

Attribution and bias

360

(1)

Response bias

361

(14)

Conclusions: recommendations for enhancing validity in impairment and disability assessment findings

375

(10)

17 Rehabilitation of cognitive disorders after acquired brain injury: The Combined Method (TCM)

385

(16)

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Introduction

385

(1)

The prosthetic method of cognitive rehabilitation

386

(3)

The Combined Method (TCM) of cognitive rehabilitation

389

(5)

The scientific logic of TCM

394

(1)

Prognosis and course of cognitive deficits using TCM

395

(1)

Timing for recovery using TCM

396

(1)

Conclusion

397

(4)

18 Neuropsychological recovery in children and adolescents following traumatic brain injury

401

(40)

PETER D. PATRICK, SEAN T. PATRICK, AND ERIN DUNCAN

Introduction

401

(1)

Incidence, prevalence and cause

402

(2)

A developmental perspective

404

(4)

Psychological and psychosocial development

408

(2)

Traumatic brain injury

410

(3)

Complex neuropsychological disturbances following brain injury

413

(14)

The impact of neurobehavioural changes on the family

427

(4)

Outcomes

431

(3)

Lessons learned

434

(7)

19 Medical rehabilitation of TBI after intensive care

441

(28)

CLAUDIO PERINO, PAOLO PIETRAPIANA, ENRICO FIORIO, ANDREA MAESTRI, AND ROBERTO RAGO

Introduction

441

(2)

Transfer criteria from intensive care to acute rehabilitation

443

(2)

Practical guidelines for database collection

445

(2)

Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism

447

(2)

Nutrition and swallowing rehabilitation

449

(4)

Tracheostomy management

453

(2)

Rehabilitation of visual disorders

455

(3)

Subacute neuro-orthopaedic treatment of complications

458

(6)

Summary

464

(5)

20 The holistic, multidisciplinary, and intensive approach to treatment: The CRECER method

469

(15)

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN AND MARIA DEL ROSARIO DOMINGUEZ-MORALES

Introduction

469

(2)

The CRECER integral, intensive and multidisciplinary model of rehabilitation for people with acquired brain injury

471

(1)

Neuropsychological rehabilitation

472

(2)

Speech rehabilitation

474

(2)

Physical rehabilitation

476

(1)

The NeuroBird system of muscular training for spasticity, posture control, balance, trembling and emotional reactivity

477

(1)

Occupational therapy/functional therapy

478

(1)

Efficiency in specialized treatments

479

(2)

Conclusions

481

(3)

21 The role of stem cells in the rehabilitation of brain injury

484

(9)

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN

Introduction

484

(1)

Neural stem cells in mammals

485

(1)

Substitutions of neural cells by stem cells

486

(1)

Memory and hippocampus

487

(2)

Ethical and social aspects

489

(2)

Conclusions

491

(2)

22 Complementary medicine and TBI

493

(20)

GEORGE A. ZITNAY

Introduction

493

(5)

Methodology

498

(12)

Summary and conclusion

510

(3)

23 The role of family in the rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury patients: Advocate or co-therapist

513

(14)

JOSÉ LEÓN-CARRIÓN, CLAUDIO PERINO, AND GEORGE A. ZITNAY

Introduction

513

(1)

The family and brain injury

513

(2)

Family systems

515

(3)

Reconstructed families

518

(1)

Socio-economic and cultural status related to TBI outcome

518

(1)

Influence of legal issues in the recovery of TBI patients

519

(2)

Intervention with the families

521

(3)

Concluding remarks

524

(3)

24 Return to work after brain injury

527

(24)

DAVIDE VERNÉ, TIZIANA MEZZANATO, AND ELINA CAMINITI

Introduction

527

(1)

Predictive factors

528

(4)

First step: patient assessment

532

(3)

Second step: finding a job

535

(2)

Third step: work adaptation

537

(1)

Looking for an effective model

538

(1)

The Supported Employment model

539

(2)

The multi-regional project for TBI patients' return to work

541

(2)

From rehabilitation to return to work: a case study

543

(2)

Conclusions

545

(6)

Index

551

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Brain Injury Treatment

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials