Brain Tumors: Practical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment

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ISBN: 9780849336164 | 0849336163
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/3/2006

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Emphasizing new and emerging therapies in each chapter, this reference provides essential information for clinicians to provide accurate diagnoses and select the most appropriate treatment regimens for patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors and neurological complications of cancer. Edited by a leading cast of authorities on the topic-including the Chief and Associate Editors of the Journal of Neuro-oncology-this easily-accessible guide reviews the epidemiology, identification, and management of brain tumors while exploring the latest advances in this increasingly diverse field.

Preface

iii

Acknowledgments

Contributors

PART I: PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

1. Principles of Neurosurgical Therapy

(16)

Eylem Öcal, Ty Thaiyananthan, and Joseph M. Piepmeier

Presurgical Planning

(4)

Intraoperative Patient Care

(2)

Surgical Techniques

(4)

Surgical Adjuncts

(2)

Investigative Studies

(1)

References

(3)

2. Principles of Radiation Therapy

(26)

Jonathan P.S. Knisely

Introduction

(1)

General Principles

(10)

Applications

(8)

References

(7)

3. Principles of Chemotherapy

(26)

Lauren E. Abrey and Nimish Mohile

Introduction

(1)

Basic Principles

(5)

Unique Aspects Limiting Chemotherapy in Brain Tumors

(4)

Specific Chemotherapeutic Agents

(9)

Supportive Care

(2)

References

(5)

4. New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy

(24)

Michael Weller and Wolfgang Wick

Introduction

(1)

Focus on Inhibition of Survival Pathways

(7)

Targets in Motility and Angiogenesis

(1)

Measures to Enhance the Apoptotic Machinery in Glioma Cells

(5)

Immunotherapy: Strategies to Overcome the Disease

(4)

Future Prospects

(1)

References

(5)

5. Imaging in Neurooncology

(28)

Wilhelm Küker and Thomas Nägele

Detecting a Lesion

(2)

Differential Diagnosis

(10)

Treatment Planning

106

(3)

Immediate Treatment Control

109

(6)

Follow-Up

115

(3)

References

118

(3)

6. Neurooncological Syndromes

121

(12)

Joachim M. Baehring

Introduction

121

(1)

Syndromes of the Central Neuraxis

121

(5)

Peripheral Syndromes

126

(1)

Syndromes Associated with Increased ICP, Disturbances of Spinal Fluid Flow, and Cerebral Herniation

126

(3)

Meningeal Syndromes

129

(1)

Extradural Syndromes of Cranium, Skull Base, and Spinal Canal

130

(3)

7. Pathology and Classification of Tumors of the Nervous System

133

(26)

Serguei Bannykh

Neuroepithelial Tumors

133

(16)

Tumors of the Meninges

149

(2)

Tumors of the Sellar Region

151

(1)

Germ Cell Tumors

152

(1)

Tumors of the Hematopoietic and Lymphoid System

153

(1)

References

154

(5)

PART II: PRIMARY NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS

8. Astrocytic Tumors

159

(34)

Martin J. van den Bent

Introduction

159

(2)

Diffuse Astrocytoma (WHO Grade II)

161

(9)

High-Grade Astrocytomas

170

(11)

Non-Infiltrative Astrocytic Tumors

181

(3)

References

184

(9)

9. Oligodendroglioma and Mixed Tumors

193

(14)

Ravi D. Rao, Jan C. Buckner, and Robert Jenkins

Introduction

193

(1)

Epidemiology and Etiology

194

(1)

Pathology and Molecular Pathogenesis

194

(2)

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

196

(1)

Prognosis

196

(2)

Therapy

198

(1)

Surgery

198

(1)

Radiation

198

(2)

Chemotherapy

200

(4)

References

204

(3)

10. Ependymal Tumors

207

(12)

Mark Dannenbaum and Raymond Sawaya

Introduction

207

(1)

Ependymoma

208

(4)

Intramedullary Ependymoma

212

(1)

Myxopapillary Ependymoma

213

(2)

Subependymoma

215

(1)

References

216

(3)

11. Tumors of the Choroid Plexus

219

(10)

Adrienne C. Weeks and James T. Rutka

History and Epidemiology

219

(1)

Etiology and Cytogenetics

220

(1)

Clinical Features

220

(1)

Imaging

221

(2)

Pathology and Molecular Markers

223

(3)

Treatment

226

(1)

Prognosis

227

(1)

Conclusion

227

(1)

References

228

(1)

12. Neuroepithelial Tumors of Unknown Origin

229

(12)

Jeffrey J. Raizer and Ed Olson

Gliomatosis Cerebri

229

(4)

Astroblastoma

233

(3)

Chordoid Glioma

236

(2)

References

238

(3)

13. Neuronal and Glioneuronal Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System

241

(20)

Tarik Tihan and James Waldron

Introduction

241

(1)

Gangliocytoma and Ganglioglioma

242

(5)

Central Neurocytoma

247

(2)

Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of Cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos Disease)

249

(2)

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor

251

(2)

Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma and Ganglioglioma

253

(2)

Recently Described Glioneuronal Tumors

255

(3)

References

258

(3)

14. Pineal Parenchymal Tumors

261

(8)

Daizo Yoshida and Akira Teramoto

Introduction

261

(1)

Epidemiology

262

(1)

Specific Clinical Features

263

(1)

Diagnosis in MRI

263

(1)

Pathology

264

(2)

Prognosis and Management

266

(2)

References

268

(1)

15. Embryonal Tumors

269

(22)

Roger J. Packer, Tobev MacDonald, and Gilbert Vezina

Introduction

269

(1)

Medulloblastoma

270

(11)

Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors

281

(3)

Pineoblastomas

284

(1)

Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors

284

(3)

Other Embryonal Tumors

287

(1)

References

287

(4)

16. Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors

291

(16)

Sajeel Chowdhary, Marc Chamberlain, and Amyn M. Rojiani

Introduction

291

(1)

Olfactory Neuroblastoma

292

(5)

Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

297

(5)

References

302

(5)

17. Meningiomas

307

(18)

Marcus L. Ware, Anita Lal, and Michael W. McDermott

Introduction

307

(1)

Epidemiology

307

(1)

Meningioma Classification

308

(13)

Conclusion

321

(1)

References

321

(4)

18. Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasms of Mesenchymal Origin

325

(16)

Evanthia Galanis

Introduction

325

(1)

Meningeal Hemangiopericytoma

325

(6)

Primary Central Nervous System Sarcomas

331

(1)

Epidemiology

331

(1)

Presentation

332

(1)

Imaging

332

(1)

Pathology

332

(3)

Treatment

335

(1)

Prognosis

335

(1)

References

336

(5)

19. Primary Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System

341

(12)

Joachim M. Baehring and Fred H. Hochberg

Epidemiology

341

(1)

Pathogenesis

342

(1)

Clinical Presentation

343

(1)

Diagnosis

344

(3)

Management

347

(2)

References

349

(4)

20. Tumors of the Sellar Region: Craniopharyngioma and Pituitary Adenoma

353

(22)

Oren N. Gottfried, William T. Couldwell, and Martin H. Weiss

Craniopharyngioma

353

(9)

Pituitary Adenoma

362

(9)

References

371

(4)

21. Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors

375

(12)

Joachim M. Baehring and Serguei Bannykh

Schwannoma and Neurofibroma

375

(5)

Perineurioma

380

(1)

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

381

(3)

References

384

(3)

22. Germinoma, Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumors

387

(16)

Masao Matsutani

Introduction

387

(1)

Histological Classification

388

(1)

Sex and Age Distribution

389

(1)

Tumor Location

390

(3)

Clinical Symptoms and Signs

393

(1)

Radiological Findings

393

(2)

Serum Titers of AFP, HCG (HCG-β), and PLAP

395

(1)

Treatment: Past and Present

395

(5)

References

400

(3)

PART III: NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF CANCER

23. Central Nervous System Metastases

403

(24)

Evert C.A. Kaal and Charles J. Vecht

Introduction

403

(1)

Natural History of Brain Metastases

404

(1)

Clinical Features

405

(1)

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis

406

(3)

Prognostic Factors

409

(1)

Symptomatic Management

410

(2)

Surgery

412

(1)

Primary Radiotherapy

412

(4)

Chemotherapy

416

(2)

Therapeutic Strategy for Brain Metastasis

418

(1)

Intramedullary Metastasis

418

(4)

Concluding Remarks

422

(1)

References

422

(5)

24. Increased Intracranial Pressure and Extradural Compression Syndromes

427

(20)

Scott R. Plotkin and Jeanine T. Grier

Increased Intracranial Pressure

427

(2)

Causes of Increased ICP

429

(8)

Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndromes

437

(2)

Compression Syndromes

439

(4)

Future Directions

443

(1)

References

444

(3)

25. Leptomeningeal Cancer

447

(10)

Joachim M. Baehring and Serguei Bannykh

Introduction

447

(1)

Pathogenesis

448

(1)

Clinical Presentation

448

(1)

Diagnosis

449

(3)

Differential Diagnosis

452

(1)

Management

453

(2)

Prognosis

455

(1)

References

455

(2)

26. Neurovascular Complications of Cancer

457

(10)

Vineeta Singh and Terry Neill

Introduction

457

(1)

Ischemic Stroke

457

(5)

Subdural Hematoma

462

(1)

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

462

(1)

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

463

(1)

References

464

(3)

27. Symptomatic Epilepsy

467

(12)

Lawrence M. Cher

Introduction

467

(1)

Epidemiology

467

(1)

Specific Clinical Features

468

(1)

Etiology

469

(1)

Diagnosis

469

(1)

Therapy

470

(6)

Conclusion

476

(1)

References

476

(3)

28. Cancer and the Peripheral Nervous System

479

(18)

Kleopas A. Kleopa and Theodoros Kyriakides

Direct Effects of Malignancy

479

(3)

Remote Effects of Malignancy

482

(8)

Iatrogenic Effects in Cancer Patients

490

(4)

References

494

(3)

29. Neurological Complications of Cancer Therapy

497

(18)

Jerzy Hildebrand and Antony Béhin

Introduction

497

(1)

Complications of Surgery

497

(1)

Complications of Radiotherapy

498

(7)

Complications of Medical Treatments

505

(5)

Bone Marrow Transplantation and Infections

510

(1)

References

511

(4)

30. Paraneoplastic Autoimmunity Affecting the Nervous System

515

(26)

Sean J. Pittock and Vanda A. Lennon

Introduction

515

(8)

Neoplasms Commonly Encountered with Autoimmune Neurological Presentations

523

(1)

Clinical Presentations

523

(8)

Diagnostic Evaluation

531

(2)

Pathogenesis

533

(1)

Therapy

534

(2)

References

536

(5)

Index

541

(16)

About the Editors

557

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Brain Tumors: Practical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment

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