Build the Best Data Center Facility for Your Business

, by Alger, Douglas

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ISBN: 9781587051821 | 1587051826
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/1/2005

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Summary

Supplemental Materials

A comprehensive, step-by-step guide to designing and managing robust, flexible, and productive data centre facilities.

Foreword

xix

Introduction

Part I Designing the Data Center Infrastructure

(232)

Approaching the Data Center Project

(28)

Understanding the Value of Your Data Center

(1)

Deciding Whether to Outsource

(1)

Defining Requirements and Roles

(4)

Client Needs

(1)

Cross-Functional Support

(1)

Architecting a Productive Data Center

(4)

Make It Robust

(1)

Make It Modular

(1)

Make It Flexible

(1)

Standardize

(1)

Promote Good Habits

(1)

Previewing Data Center Components

(2)

Physical Space

(1)

Raised Flooring

(1)

In-Room Electrical

(1)

Standby Power

(1)

Cabling

(1)

Cooling

(1)

Fire Suppression

(1)

Other Infrastructure Components

(1)

Establishing Data Center Design Criteria

(8)

Availability

(2)

Infrastructure Tiers

(2)

One Room or Several?

(1)

Life Span

(1)

Budget Decisions

(3)

Managing a Data Center Project

(5)

The Design Package

(1)

Working with Experts

(1)

Tips for a Successful Project

(3)

Summary

(3)

Choosing an Optimal Site

(24)

Assessing Viable Locations for Your Data Center

(13)

Building Codes and the Data Center Site

(1)

Site Risk Factors

(1)

Natural Disasters

(7)

Pollution

(1)

Electromagnetic Interference

(2)

Vibration

(1)

Political Climates

(1)

Flight Paths

(1)

Evaluating Physical Attributes of the Data Center Site

(6)

Relative Location

(1)

Accessibility

(1)

Disaster Recovery Options

(1)

Pre-Existing Infrastructure

(1)

Power Analysis

(1)

Cooling Capabilities

(1)

Structured Cabling

(1)

Amenities and Obstacles

(1)

Clearances

(1)

Weight Issues

(1)

Loading Dock

(1)

Freight Elevators

(2)

Problem Areas

(1)

Distribution of Key Systems

(1)

Confirming Service Availability to the Data Center Site

(1)

Prioritizing Needs for the Data Center Site

(1)

Summary

(3)

Quantifying Data Center Space

(26)

Sizing the Data Center

(10)

Financial and Other Considerations When Sizing the Data Center

(3)

Employee-Based Sizing Method

(3)

Equipment-Based Sizing Method

(3)

Other Influencing Factors When Sizing Your Data Center

(1)

Determining Shape and Placement of Your Data Center

(5)

Desirable and Undesirable Spaces to Place Your Data Center

(1)

Growth Paths for Your Data Center's Space

(2)

Consolidation Options for Your Data Center

(2)

Structure and Finishes of the Data Center

(1)

Associated Data Center Support Rooms

(7)

Electrical Room

(1)

Networking Room

(1)

Loading Dock

(1)

Build Room

(1)

Storage Room

(1)

Operations Command Center

(1)

Backup Room

(1)

Media Storage Area

(1)

Vendor Service Areas

(1)

Summary

(3)

Laying Out the Data Center

(28)

Drawing Tools Available to Create Your Data Center Layout

(1)

The Floor Grid

(5)

Defining Spaces for Physical Elements of Your Data Center

(12)

Mechanical Equipment

(1)

Power Distribution Units

(1)

Air Handlers

(1)

Fire Suppression Tanks

(1)

Buffer Zones

(1)

Aisles

(2)

Equipment Rows

(1)

Form Versus Function

(1)

Setting Row Dimensions

(1)

Networking Rows

(1)

Orienting Rows

(2)

Weight Issues

101

(1)

Seismic Mitigation

101

(1)

Dealing with Obstacles

101

(2)

Irregular Spaces

102

(1)

Structural Columns

102

(1)

Piping

103

(1)

System Controls

103

(1)

Telephones

103

(2)

Common Problems

105

(2)

The Floor Grid Is Positioned Incorrectly

105

(1)

Infrastructure Items Are Installed Backwards

105

(1)

Floor Space Between Rows Is Too Narrow

106

(1)

Infrastructure Items Are Uncoordinated or Misplaced

106

(1)

Summary

107

(4)

Overhead or Under-Floor Installation?

111

(24)

Overhead Installation

111

(1)

Under-Floor Installation

112

(1)

Separation of Power and Data

113

(2)

Plenum and Non-Plenum Spaces

115

(1)

Ceiling Components

116

(3)

Raised Floor Components

119

(11)

Floor Height

120

(2)

Ramps and Lifts

122

(1)

Weight Bearing Ability

123

(2)

Types of Floor Tiles

125

(2)

Floor Tiles and Static

127

(1)

Termination Details

127

(2)

The Subfloor

129

(1)

Common Problems

130

(2)

Tile Cut-outs Are Poorly Sized or in the Wrong Location

130

(1)

Cabling Installed in Plenum Spaces Aren't Properly Rated

131

(1)

The Raised Floor System Isn't Strong Enough to Accommodate Equipment

132

(1)

Summary

132

(3)

Creating a Robust Electrical System

135

(26)

Recommended Electrical System Features

135

(3)

Isolated Power

135

(1)

Avoiding Single Points of Failure

136

(1)

Maintenance Bypass Options

136

(1)

Remote Infrastructure Management

137

(1)

In-Room Power

138

(9)

Determining Power Requirements

139

(1)

Power Distribution

139

(2)

Power Redundancy

141

(1)

Wiring, Component, and Termination Options

142

(1)

Labeling and Documenting

143

(2)

Convenience Outlets

145

(1)

Emergency Power Off

145

(2)

Standby Power

147

(5)

Load Requirements

148

(1)

Batteries

148

(1)

Generators

149

(2)

Monitoring Lights

151

(1)

Labeling and Documenting

152

(1)

Installation and Grounding

153

(1)

Signal Reference Grid

154

(1)

Testing and Verification

154

(3)

Common Problems

157

(1)

Summary

158

(3)

Designing a Scalable Network Infrastructure

161

(34)

Importance of the Physical Network

161

(1)

Cabling Hierarchy

162

(3)

Cable Characteristics

165

(7)

Copper Cabling

166

(3)

Fiber-Optic Cable

169

(1)

Multimode Fiber

170

(1)

Singlemode Fiber

171

(1)

Cabling Costs

172

(1)

Storage Area Networks (SANs)

173

(1)

Determining Connectivity Requirements

174

(1)

Network Redundancy

175

(1)

Networking Room

175

(1)

Common Termination Options

176

(3)

Copper Cabling Terminators

177

(1)

Fiber Cabling Terminators

177

(1)

Color-Coding Cabling Materials

178

(1)

Building-to-Building Connectivity

179

(1)

Recommended Installation Practices

180

(7)

General Installation

180

(1)

Bundling Structured Cabling

180

(1)

Minimum Bend Radius

181

(1)

Reverse Fiber Positioning

182

(1)

Labeling the Structured Cabling System

183

(1)

Cabinet Installations

184

(3)

Testing and Verifying Structured Cabling

187

(1)

Wire Management

188

(2)

Common Problems

190

(2)

Summary

192

(3)

Keeping It Cool

195

(20)

Cooling Requirements

195

(8)

Chilled Liquid Cooling

196

(2)

House Air

198

(1)

Makeup Air

199

(1)

Cooling Quantities and Temperature Ranges

199

(2)

Redundancy in Your Cooling Infrastructure

201

(1)

Cooling Distribution and Air Pressure

202

(1)

Humidity

203

(1)

Layout, Cabinets, and Cooling

203

(4)

Space

204

(1)

Positioning Air Handlers

204

(1)

Hot and Cold Aisles

204

(1)

Cabinet Design

205

(2)

Fire Suppression

207

(4)

Suppression Materials

207

(1)

Sprinklers

208

(1)

Manual Controls

208

(1)

Design Details

209

(1)

Air Sampling and Smoke Detection

209

(1)

Fire Alarms

210

(1)

Handheld Extinguishers

210

(1)

Common Problems

211

(1)

Summary

212

(3)

Removing Skeletons from Your Server Closet

215

(20)

Lack of Space

215

(3)

Space Saving Measures

215

(2)

New Construction

217

(1)

Chaos

218

(3)

Infrastructure Shortcomings

221

(6)

Power

221

(2)

Connectivity

223

(1)

Cooling

223

(1)

Fire Suppression

224

(1)

Structural Support

225

(2)

Paradigm Shifts

227

(3)

Acquisitions

230

(1)

Large-Scale Server Moves

231

(1)

Summary

232

(3)

Part II Managing the Data Center

235

(118)

Organizing Your Way to an Easier Job

237

(12)

The Need For Organization

237

(2)

Organizing Equipment: Form vs Function

239

(3)

Clustering by Function

240

(1)

Organizing by Business Group

240

(1)

Grouping by Manufacturer

240

(1)

Not Organizing at All

241

(1)

Planning for Growth

242

(2)

Controlling Incoming Equipment

244

(3)

Summary

247

(2)

Labeling and Signage

249

(24)

Choosing a Numbering Scheme

249

(4)

Recommended Labeling Practices

253

(10)

Cable Runs

254

(1)

Electrical Conduits

255

(2)

Cabinet Locations

257

(2)

Servers and Networking Devices

259

(1)

Server Rows

260

(2)

Piping

262

(1)

Essential Signage

263

(7)

Fire Alarm Instructions

264

(1)

Fire Suppression System Instructions

265

(1)

Emergency Power Off Instructions

266

(3)

Monitoring Lights

269

(1)

Emergency Contacts

269

(1)

Final Note

270

(1)

Summary

270

(3)

Stocking and Standardizing

273

(20)

Equipping a Data Center

273

(1)

Patch Cords and Adapters

274

(4)

Server Cabinets

278

(2)

Tools

280

(8)

Accessories

288

(2)

Equipment Spares

290

(1)

Summary

291

(2)

Safeguarding the Servers

293

(24)

Physical Access Restrictions

293

(6)

Door Controls

293

(1)

Cages

294

(2)

Locking Cabinets

296

(1)

Closed-Circuit Television Coverage

297

(1)

Access Policies and Procedures

297

(2)

``Do's''

299

(8)

Implement Change Management

300

(1)

Change Defined

301

(1)

Change Request Essentials

302

(3)

When to Make Changes

305

(1)

Use Only Approved Materials

306

(1)

Follow Security Procedures

306

(1)

``Don'ts''

307

(3)

Don't Leave Trash in the Data Center

307

(1)

Don't Steal Items or Infrastructure

308

(1)

Don't String Cables Between Cabinets

308

(2)

Good Installation Practices

310

(3)

Manage Cabinet Space

310

(1)

Properly Use Rack Units

310

(2)

The Balance of Power

312

(1)

Route Cabling Neatly

313

(1)

Label Thoroughly

313

(1)

Data Center Tours

313

(1)

Summary

314

(3)

Mapping, Monitoring, and Metrics

317

(18)

Documenting the Data Center

317

(6)

Floor Plan

318

(1)

As-Builts

319

(1)

Server Inventory

320

(1)

Applications

321

(1)

Processes

322

(1)

Features and Philosophies

322

(1)

Monitoring from Afar

323

(4)

Web Cameras

323

(2)

Amperage Meters

325

(1)

Temperature Sensors

325

(1)

Humidity Sensors

326

(1)

Gathering Metrics

327

(6)

Maintaining an Incident Log

327

(3)

Availability Metrics

330

(2)

Other Useful Data

332

(1)

Summary

333

(2)

Maintaining a World-Class Environment

335

(18)

The Importance of Data Center Maintenance

335

(1)

Regular Upkeep

336

(1)

Professional Cleaning

337

(12)

Vendor Qualifications and Credentials

338

(1)

Approved Cleaning Equipment and Materials

338

(1)

Pre-Cleaning Steps

339

(1)

Standards of Operations

340

(1)

Cleaning Procedures

341

(1)

Above-Ceiling

342

(1)

Below-Ceiling

343

(1)

Servers and Networking Devices

343

(1)

Other Above-Floor Items

343

(1)

Floor Surface

344

(1)

Subfloor

344

(1)

Post-Cleaning Steps

345

(3)

Frequency

348

(1)

Common Problems

349

(1)

Summary

350

(3)

Glossary

353

(8)

Index

361

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Build the Best Data Center Facility for Your Business

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials