Business Statistics : A First Course

, by Levine, David M.; Berenson, Mark L.; Krehbiel, Timothy C.

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ISBN: 9780130348272 | 0130348279
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/1/2003

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This book covers the concepts and applications of statistics used in the functional areas of business-accounting, marketing, management, economics, and finance. With a strong emphasis on concepts rather than on statistical methods, it shows readers how to properly use statistics to analyze data, demonstrates how computer software is an integral part of this analysis, and provides many exercises, cases and projects to support the learning process. Introduction and Data Collection. Presenting Data in Tables and Charts. Numerical Descriptive Measures. Basic Probability. Probability Distributions. Sampling Distributions and Confidence Intervals. Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing: One-Sample Tests. Hypothesis Tests for Numerical Data from Two or More Samples. Hypothesis Tests for Categorical Data From Two or More Samples. Simple Linear Regression. Multiple Regression Analysis. Time Series Analysis. Statistical Applications in Quality and Productivity Management.

Preface

Introduction and Data Collection

(44)

Why a Manager Needs to Know About Statistics

(2)

The Growth and Development of Modern Statistics

(1)

What Readers of This Textbook Need to Know About Microsoft Excel and PHStat, Minitab, or SPSS®

(1)

Why Data Are Needed

(1)

Sources of Data

(4)

Types of Data

(3)

Design of Survey Research

(2)

Types of Sampling Methods

(6)

Evaluating Survey Worthiness

(23)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

(3)

Case Study: Alumni Association Survey

(1)

Basics of the Windows User Interface

(2)

Introduction to Microsoft Excel

(9)

Introduction to Minitab

(1)

Introduction to SPSS®

(2)

Presenting Data in Tables and Charts

(54)

Organizing Numerical Data

(4)

Tables and Charts for Numerical Data

(8)

Graphing Bivariate Numerical Data

(3)

Tables and Charts for Categorical Data

(6)

Tabulating and Graphing Bivariate Categorical Data

(4)

Graphical Excellence

(28)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

(6)

The Springville Herald Case

(2)

Using Microsoft Excel for Tables and Charts

(6)

Using Minitab for Tables and Charts

(3)

Using SPSS® for Tables and Charts

(5)

Numerical Descriptive Measures

(52)

Exploring Numerical Data and Their Properties

100

(1)

Measures of Central Tendency, Variation, and Shape

101

(20)

Exploratory Data Analysis

121

(5)

Obtaining Descriptive Summary Measures from a Population

126

(3)

The Coefficient of Correlation

129

(5)

Pitfalls in Numerical Descriptive Measures and Ethical Issues

134

(17)

Summary

135

(1)

Key Terms

135

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

136

(6)

The Springville Herald Case

142

(1)

Using Microsoft Excel for Descriptive Statistics

142

(4)

Using Minitab for Descriptive Statistics

146

(1)

Using SPSS® for Descriptive Statistics

147

(4)

Basic Probability

151

(24)

Basic Probability Concepts

153

(8)

Conditional Probability

161

(8)

Ethical Issues and Probability

169

(6)

Summary

170

(1)

Key Terms

171

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

171

(2)

Using Microsoft Excel for Basic Probability

173

(2)

Probability Distributions

175

(54)

The Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random Variable

176

(3)

Covariance and Its Application in Finance

179

(5)

Binomial Distribution

184

(8)

The Normal Distribution

192

(17)

Evaluating the Normality Assumption

209

(20)

Summary

217

(1)

Key Terms

217

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

218

(4)

The Springville Herald Case

222

(1)

Using Microsoft Excel for the Covariance and for Probability Distributions

223

(3)

Using Minitab with Probability Distributions

226

(3)

Sampling Distributions and Confidence Interval Estimation

229

(52)

Sampling Distributions

230

(13)

Introduction to Confidence Interval Estimation

243

(1)

Confidence Interval Estimation of the Mean (σ Known)

243

(4)

Confidence Interval Estimation of the Mean (σ Unknown)

247

(8)

Confidence Interval Estimation for the Proportion

255

(3)

Determining Sample Size

258

(7)

Confidence Interval Estimation and Ethical Issues

265

(16)

Summary

266

(1)

Key Terms

267

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

267

(5)

The Springville Herald Case

272

(2)

Using Microsoft Excel for Sampling Distributions, Confidence Intervals, and Sample Size Determination

274

(2)

Using Minitab for Sampling Distributions and Confidence Interval Estimation

276

(3)

Using SPSS® for Confidence Interval Estimation

279

(2)

Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing: One-Sample Tests

281

(38)

Hypothesis-Testing Methodology

282

(5)

Z Test of Hypothesis for the Mean (σ Known)

287

(7)

One-Tail Tests

294

(3)

t Test of Hypothesis for the Mean (σ Unknown)

297

(6)

Z Test of Hypothesis for the Proportion

303

(4)

Potential Hypothesis-Testing Pitfalls and Ethical Issues

307

(12)

Summary

309

(2)

Key Terms

311

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

311

(3)

Using Microsoft Excel for One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

314

(1)

Using Minitab for One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

315

(2)

Using SPSS® for One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

317

(2)

Hypothesis Tests for Numerical Data from Two or More Samples

319

(62)

Comparing Two Independent Samples: Tests for Differences in Two Means

320

(10)

F Test for Differences in Two Variances

330

(7)

Comparing Two Related Samples: Tests for the Mean Difference

337

(9)

The Completely Randomized Design: One-Way Analysis of Variance

346

(35)

Summary

361

(1)

Key Terms

362

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

362

(7)

Case Study: Test-Marketing and Promoting a Ball-Point Pen

369

(1)

The Springville Herald Case

370

(2)

Using Microsoft Excel for Hypothesis Tests for Numerical Data from Two or More Samples

372

(4)

Using Minitab for Hypothesis Tests for Numerical Data from Two or More Samples

376

(2)

Using SPSS® for Hypothesis Tests for Numerical Data from Two or More Samples

378

(3)

Hypothesis Tests for Categorical Data from Two or More Samples

381

(38)

Z Test for the Difference Between Two Proportions

382

(6)

χ2 Test for the Difference Between Two Proportions

388

(7)

χ2 Test for Differences in More Than Two Proportions

395

(6)

χ2 Test of Independence

401

(18)

Summary

407

(1)

Key Terms

408

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

408

(4)

The Springville Herald Case

412

(2)

Using Microsoft Excel for Hypothesis Tests for Categorical Data from Two or More Samples

414

(1)

Using Minitab for Hypothesis Tests for Categorical Data from Two or More Samples

415

(1)

Using SPSS® for Hypothesis Tests for Categorical Data from Two or More Samples

416

(3)

Simple Linear Regression

419

(66)

Types of Regression Models

420

(2)

Determining the Simple Linear Regression Equation

422

(9)

Measures of Variation

431

(5)

Assumptions

436

(1)

Residual Analysis

437

(5)

Measuring Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson Statistic

442

(6)

Inferences About the Slope and Correlation Coefficient

448

(7)

Estimation of Mean Values and Prediction of Individual Values

455

(4)

Pitfalls in Regression and Ethical Issues

459

(4)

Computations in Simple Linear Regression

463

(22)

Summary

469

(1)

Key Terms

469

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

469

(9)

Case Study: EastWestSide Movers

478

(1)

The Springville Herald Case

478

(1)

Using Microsoft Excel for Simple Linear Regression

479

(2)

Using Minitab for Simple Linear Regression

481

(2)

Using SPSS® for Simple Linear Regression

483

(2)

Multiple Regression

485

(80)

Developing the Multiple Regression Model

486

(9)

Residual Analysis for the Multiple Regression Model

495

(2)

Testing for the Significance of the Multiple Regression Model

497

(2)

Inferences Concerning the Population Regression Coefficients

499

(4)

Testing Portions of the Multiple Regression Model

503

(8)

The Quadratic Regression Model

511

(10)

Dummy-Variable Models

521

(12)

Using Transformations in Regression Models

533

(4)

Collinearity

537

(2)

Model Building

539

(11)

Pitfalls in Multiple Regression and Ethical Issues

550

(15)

Summary

550

(2)

Key Terms

552

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

552

(5)

Case Study: The Mountain States Potato Company

557

(1)

Using Microsoft Excel for Multiple Regression

558

(2)

Using Minitab for Multiple Regression

560

(2)

Using SPSS® for Multiple Regression

562

(3)

Time-Series Forecasting

565

(60)

The Importance of Business Forecasting

566

(1)

Component Factors of the Classical Multiplicative Time-Series Model

567

(2)

Smoothing the Annual Time Series

569

(7)

Least-Squares Trend Fitting and Forecasting

576

(15)

Autoregressive Modeling for Trend Fitting and Forecasting

591

(10)

Choosing an Appropriate Forecasting Model

601

(5)

Time-Series Forecasting of Monthly or Quarterly Data

606

(8)

Pitfalls Concerning Time-Series Forecasting

614

(11)

Summary

615

(1)

Key Terms

616

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

616

(3)

Case Study: Currency Trading

619

(1)

The Springville Herald Case

619

(1)

Using Microsoft Excel for Time-Series Forecasting

620

(2)

Using Minitab for Time-Series Forecasting

622

(1)

Using SPSS® for Time-Series Forecasting

623

(2)

Statistical Applications in Quality and Productivity Management

625

(100)

Quality and Productivity: A Historical Perspective

627

(1)

Deming's 14 Points: A Theory of Management

627

(3)

The Theory of Control Charts

630

(2)

Control Chart for the Proportion of Nonconforming Items---The p Chart

632

(6)

The Red Bead Experiment: Understanding Process Variability

638

(3)

Control Charts for the Range (R) and the Mean (X)

641

(36)

Summary

648

(1)

Key Terms

648

(1)

Chapter Review Problems

649

(4)

Case Study: The Harnswell Sewing Machine Company Case

653

(2)

The Springville Herald Case

655

(2)

Using Microsoft Excel for Control Charts

657

(1)

Using Minitab for Control Charts

658

(1)

Using SPSS® for Control Charts

659

(2)

Answers to Selected Even-Numbered Problems

661

(16)

Appendices

A. Review of Arithmetic, Alegbra, and Logarithms

677

(4)

B. Summation Notation

681

(6)

C. Statistical Symbols and Greek Alphabet

687

(2)

D. CD-ROM Contents

689

(12)

E. Tables

701

(20)

F. More About PHStat2

721

(4)

Index

725

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Business Statistics : A First Course

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials