C++ Primer Plus

While C++ may not have the buzz associated with some other current computer languages, it is still one of the most widely used, with more than 4,000,000 programmers actively using it. With the new ANSI standard finalized, and about to be formally released, there will be a renewed interest in C++. The C++ Primer Plusis an approachable yet technically rigorous guide to C++ for programmers new to the language. This new edition updates it with the most important features added to the new standard, which keeping the style and approach which have made the previous editions so popular. It contains extensive new code samples and exercises, for both classroom use and self-study.

Stephen Prat a taught astronomy, physics, and computer science at the College of Marin in Kentfield, California. He received his B.S. from the California Institute of Technology and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. He has authored or coauthored more than a dozen books on programming topics including New C Primer Plus, which received the Computer Press Association’s 1990 Best How-to Computer Book Award, and C++ Primer Plus, nominated for the Computer Press Association’s Best How-to Computer Book Award in 1991.

Introduction 1

Chapter 1: Getting Started with C++ 9

Learning C++: What Lies Before You 10

The Origins of C++: A Little History 10

Portability and Standards 15

The Mechanics of Creating a Program 18

Summary 25

Chapter 2: Setting Out to C++ 27

C++ Initiation 27

C++ Statements 41

More C++ Statements 45

Functions 48

Summary 61

Chapter Review 62

Programming Exercises 62

Chapter 3: Dealing with Data 65

Simple Variables 66

The const Qualifier 90

Floating-Point Numbers 92

C++ Arithmetic Operators 97

Summary 109

Chapter Review 110

Programming Exercises 111

Chapter 4: Compound Types 115

Introducing Arrays 116

Strings 120

Introducing the string Class 131

Introducing Structures 140

Unions 149

Enumerations 150

Pointers and the Free Store 153

Pointers, Arrays, and Pointer Arithmetic 167

Combinations of Types 184

Array Alternatives 186

Summary 190

Chapter Review 191

Programming Exercises 192

Chapter 5: Loops and Relational Expressions 195

Introducing for Loops 196

The while Loop 224

The do while Loop 231

The Range-Based for Loop (C++11) 233

Loops and Text Input 234

Nested Loops and Two-Dimensional Arrays 244

Summary 249

Chapter Review 250

Programming Exercises 251

Chapter 6: Branching Statements and Logical Operators 253

The if Statement 254

Logical Expressions 260

The cctype Library of Character Functions 270

The ?: Operator 273

The switch Statement 274

The break and continue Statements 280

Number-Reading Loops 283

Simple File Input/Output 287

Summary 298

Chapter Review 298

Programming Exercises 301

Chapter 7: Functions: C++’s Programming Modules 305

Function Review 306

Function Arguments and Passing by Value 313

Functions and Arrays 320

Functions and Two-Dimensional Arrays 337

Functions and C-Style Strings 339

Functions and Structures 343

Functions and string Class Objects 353

Functions and array Objects 355

Recursion 357

Pointers to Functions 361

Summary 371

Chapter Review 372

Programming Exercises 374

Chapter 8: Adventures in Functions 379

C++ Inline Functions 379

Reference Variables 383

Default Arguments 409

Function Overloading 412

Function Templates 419

Summary 442

Chapter Review 443

Programming Exercises 444

Chapter 9: Memory Models and Namespaces 447

Separate Compilation 447

Storage Duration, Scope, and Linkage 453

Namespaces 482

Summary 497

Chapter Review 498

Programming Exercises 501

Chapter 10: Objects and Classes 505

Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming 506

Abstraction and Classes 507

Class Constructors and Destructors 524

Knowing Your Objects: The this Pointer 539

An Array of Objects 546

Class Scope 549

Abstract Data Types 552

Summary 557

Chapter Review 558

Programming Exercises 559

Chapter 11: Working with Classes 563

Operator Overloading 564

Time on Our Hands: Developing an Operator Overloading Example 565

Introducing Friends 578

Overloaded Operators: Member Versus Nonmember Functions 587

More Overloading: A Vector Class 588

Automatic Conversions and Type Casts for Classes 606

Summary 621

Chapter Review 623

Programming Exercises 623

Chapter 12: Classes and Dynamic Memory Allocation 627

Dynamic Memory and Classes 628

The New, Improved String Class 647

Things to Remember When Using new in Constructors 659

Observations About Returning Objects 662

Using Pointers to Objects 665

Reviewing Techniques 676

A Queue Simulation 678

Summary 699

Chapter Review 700

Programming Exercises 702

Chapter 13: Class Inheritance 707

Beginning with a Simple Base Class 708

Inheritance: An Is-a Relationship 720

Polymorphic Public Inheritance 722

Static and Dynamic Binding 737

Access Control: protected 745

Abstract Base Classes 746

Inheritance and Dynamic Memory Allocation 757

Class Design Review 766

Summary 778

Chapter Review 779

Programming Exercises 780

Chapter 14: Reusing Code in C++ 785

Classes with Object Members 786

Private Inheritance 797

Multiple Inheritance 808

Class Templates 830

Summary 866

Chapter Review 869

Programming Exercises 871

Chapter 15: Friends, Exceptions, and More 877

Friends 877

Nested Classes 889

Exceptions 896

Runtime Type Identification 933

Type Cast Operators 943

Summary 947

Chapter Review 947

Programming Exercises 949

Chapter 16: The string Class and the Standard Template Library 951

The string Class 952

Smart Pointer Template Classes 968

The Standard Template Library 978

Generic Programming 992

Function Objects (a.k.a. Functors) 1026

Algorithms 1035

Other Libraries 1045

Chapter 17: Input, Output, and Files 1061

An Overview of C++ Input and Output 1062

Output with cout 1069

Input with cin 1093

File Input and Output 1114

Incore Formatting 1142

Summary 1145

Chapter Review 1146

Programming Exercises 1148

Chapter 18: Visiting with the New C++ Standard 1153

C++11 Features Revisited 1153

Move Semantics and the Rvalue Reference 1164

New Class Features 1178

Lambda Functions 1184

Wrappers 1191

Variadic Templates 1197

More C++11 Features 1202

Language Change 1205

What Now? 1207

Summary 1208

Chapter Review 1209

Programming Exercises 1212

Appendixes

A Number Bases 1215

B C++ Reserved Words 1221

C The ASCII Character Set 1225

D Operator Precedence 1231

E Other Operators 1235

F The stringTemplate Class 1249

G The Standard Template Library Methods and Functions 1271

H Selected Readings and Internet Resources 1323

I Converting to ISO Standard C++ 1327

J Answers to Chapter Reviews 1335

Index 1367

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials