Cancer Basic Science and Clinical Aspects

, by Almeida, Craig A.; Barry, Sheila A.

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ISBN: 9781405156066 | 1405156066
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/11/2010

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While intended primarily for non-majors, this forward looking cancer biology book will appeal to a wide ranging audience. Introductory chapters on molecular, cellular, and genetic information bring unprepared students up to speed for the rest of the book and serve as a useful refresher for those with previous biology background. The second set of chapters focuses on the main cancers in terms of risk factors, diagnostic and treatment methods, and relevant current research. The final section encompasses the immune system's role in the prevention and development of cancer and the impact that the Human Genome Project will have on future approaches to cancer care.

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgements	p. xi
The basics of cancer	p. 1
Cancer is a complex entity	p. 1
Cancer through the ages	p. 6
Modem day cancer research and treatment	p. 11
Prevalence and mortality varies with each cancer	p. 15
Risk factors have been identified	p. 18
Will cancer be conquered within our lifetime?	p. 23
Cells: The fundamental unit of life	p. 26
Seven hierarchal levels of organization	p. 27
Four types of macromolecular polymers	p. 32
Cell structure and function	p. 45
Relationship between structure and function is important	p. 48
The human genome and protein function	p. 51
The composition and function of the human genome	p. 51
Having a diploid genome has its advantages	p. 56
Proteins carry out diverse functions	p. 60
Cell cycle, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes	p. 67
Cell division in germ-line and somatic tissues	p. 68
Consequences of germ-line and somatic tissue mutations	p. 74
Cell division, differentiation, and maturation occur to form functional tissues	p. 74
Cell division is under the regulation of the cell cycle	p. 76
Loss of cell cycle control results in uncontrolled cell growth	p. 91
Tumor formation, growth, and metastasis	p. 94
Tissue changes that occur in response to stimuli	p. 94
Feeding tumor growth by angiogenesis	p. 100
Characteristics of benign and malignant tumors	p. 103
Events that occur during the process of metastasis	p. 105
Cancer screening, detection and diagnostic procedures and tests	p. 115
Factors that determine the accuracy of a diagnostic test or procedure	p. 116
Common screening tests	p. 117
Diagnostic procedures for the confirmation of a disease	p. 119
Tumor grade and stage factor into the type of treatment regimen and prognosis	p. 131
Cancer treatment modalities	p. 135
Surgery: the oldest and most commonly used treatment method	p. 136
Radiation kills by causing extensive DNA damage	p. 139
Cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs	p. 145
Side effects and risks from the use of cytotoxic drugs	p. 150
Hormonal deprivation treatment: used for estrogen- and androgen-dependent cancers	p. 153
Can cancer growth be controlled by inhibiting angiogenesis?	p. 158
Additional enzymes targeted for inhibition	p. 161
Biological therapy stimulates the body's ability to fight cancer	p. 163
Breast cancer	p. 165
Breast cancer statistics	p. 166
Women's breast tissue: unique in structure and function	p. 167
Causes of breast cancer	p. 169
Regular examinations of the breast are important for early diagnosis	p. 173
What follows a positive diagnosis?	p. 179
Treatment options are unique for each individual	p. 182
Much has been accomplished, more needs to be done	p. 187
Ovarian cancer	p. 189
Ovarian cancer statistics	p. 189
Structure and function of ovaries	p. 190
There are three tissue categories of ovarian cancer	p. 191
Symptoms of overian cancer are vague and often missed	p. 192
Certain factors have been associated with a higher risk	p. 193
Diagnostic tools are available but not always used or recommended	p. 197
Additional procedures are necessary to confirm suspicious results or if there is metastasis	p. 199
The FIGO system may be used to stage ovarian cancer	p. 200
Treatment options for ovarian cancer	p. 200
Steps are taken to prevent recurrence but do not always work when the cancer is advanced	p. 203
Much needs to be done in the future	p. 203
Cervical cancer	p. 206
Cervical cancer statistics	p. 206
Structure and function of the cervix	p. 207
Symptoms of cervical cancer	p. 208
Pelvic examinations and Pap tests enable early detection	p. 208
Risk factors for cervical cancer	p. 214
The HPV test is a vital diagnostic tool	p. 215
Additional tests are necessary to examine the cervix	p. 216
Treatment depends on the stage	p. 218
A vaccine will prevent many cases of cervical cancer	p. 221
Prostate cancer	p. 224
Prostate cancer statistics	p. 224
Function of the prostate gland	p. 225
Certain factors influence the development of prostate cancer	p. 226
Symptoms of an enlarged prostate	p. 228
Screening and diagnostic tests for prostate cancer	p. 228
There are traditional and unique treatment options available	p. 237
Prostate cancer mortality rates have decreased	p. 245
Much attention is being given to the number one cancer affecting men	p. 245
Testicular cancer	p. 247
Testicular cancer statistics	p. 247
Structure and function of testicles	p. 248
There are three types of testicular tumors	p. 249
Risk factors for the disease	p. 250
Symptoms of testicular cancer	p. 252
Testicular self-examination (TSE) is recommended	p. 253
Blood and imaging tests are used to determine diagnosis and possible metastasis	p. 255
Testicular cancer treatment results in a high cure rate	p. 256
Causes and treatments are being studied	p. 260
Skin cancer	p. 262
Skin cancer statistics	p. 262
Structure and function of the skin	p. 263
Three types of skin cancer	p. 266
Risk factors for developing skin cancer	p. 267
Methods used to screen for skin cancer	p. 275
Surgery and chemotherapy are standard treatments for metastatic skin cancer	p. 284
What happens after skin cancer treatment	p. 289
Limited UV radiation exposure is the number one form of prevention	p. 289
Lung cancer	p. 293
Lung cancer statistics	p. 294
Lungs are the site of the exchange of gases	p. 294
Risk factors associated with the development of lung cancer	p. 294
Lack of distinctive symptoms makes early diagnosis difficult	p. 299
Lung cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage	p. 303
There are two main categories of lung cancer	p. 306
Three traditional therapies are used in lung cancer treatment	p. 307
Is there discrimination in cancer research funding?	p. 310
Colorectal cancer	p. 312
Colon and rectum are the last two sections of the gastrointestinal tract	p. 313
Risk factors for colorectal cancer	p. 317
Screening tests	p. 319
Treatment options	p. 329
Targeted therapies	p. 334
Screening tests performed after the course of treatment	p. 336
Leukemia and lymphoma	p. 338
Leukemia statistics	p. 338
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells	p. 339
The exact cause of leukemia is unknown	p. 340
Early symptoms of leukemia	p. 340
Laboratory studies are necessary to determine the diagnosis	p. 341
There are many types of leukemia	p. 343
Nonchemotherapeutic treatment options have significantly improved survival rates	p. 351
Lymphoma is a malignancy of the lymphatic system	p. 355
Hodgkin's vs. non-Hodgkin's lymphoma	p. 355
Certain risk factors are associated with an increased incidence of lymphoma	p. 357
Diagnosing lymphoma involves biopsies and imaging tests	p. 358
Lymphomas must be classified to determine appropriate treatment	p. 358
Treatment options depend on the type of lymphoma, stage, and extent of metastasis	p. 359
Glossary	p. 361
Index	p. 389
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Cancer Basic Science and Clinical Aspects

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