Cengage Advantage Books: Communicating with Credibility and Confidence (with SpeechBuilder Express™ and InfoTrac)

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ISBN: 9780495003854 | 0495003859
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 4/6/2005

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In this affordable Thomson Advantage Books version of COMMUNICATING WITH CREDIBILITY AND CONFIDENCE (WITH SPEECHBUILDER EXPRESS AND INFOTRAC) you will discover the key to communicating successfully in any situation. This innovative text reveals the basic skills of oral communication and emphasizes important points with skill-building exercises and activities. Your purchase includes access to SpeechBuilder Express an online outlining tool that helps you step-by-step through the outlining process as well as access to InfoTrac College Edition's online university library of full length articles.

Preface

xvii

Part I Understanding Communication Processes

Communication Dynamics: Exploring Concepts and Principles

(24)

Objectives for This Chapter

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Why Communication Affects You

(5)

Communicating in Contexts

(3)

Communicating and Your Success

(1)

How Communication Works

(10)

Communicating Is a Process

(2)

A Step-by-Step Model

(3)

A Transactional Model

(1)

Communicating Is Not Transferring Ideas

(1)

Communicating Can Be a Dilemma

(1)

Box: Futurecomm

(1)

Box: Telling Your Story

(2)

What Makes Communication Effective

(3)

Responsibility

(1)

Process Responsibility

(1)

Outcome Responsibility

(1)

Ethicality

(1)

Ethics of Process

(1)

Ethics of Message Content

(1)

Summary

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Cyberpoints

(2)

Your Communication: Developing Credibility and Confidence

(26)

Objectives for This Chapter

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Communicating with Credibility

(6)

Credibility Factors

(1)

Competence

(1)

Objectivity

(1)

Trustworthiness

(1)

Coorientation

(1)

Dynamism

(1)

Box: You're Such a Charmer!

(1)

Credibility Influences

(1)

Communicating with Confidence

(6)

Influences on Confidence

(1)

Culture

(1)

Gender or Social Status

(1)

Family Norms

(1)

Models

(1)

Special People

(1)

Influences from You

(1)

Communication Apprehension

(1)

Box: Communication Anxiety

(1)

Realistic Confidence

(1)

Developing Communication Confidence

(6)

Relax Away Your Stress

(2)

Visualize Your Success

(1)

Creating Successful Images

(1)

Affirming Successful Interactions

(1)

Practice Your Skills

(1)

Setting Goals

(1)

Achieving Goals

(1)

Summary

(1)

Exercises

(2)

Cyberpoints

(2)

Form 2.1 Self-Assessment of Willingness to Communicate

(2)

Perception and Thought: Making Sense

(26)

Objectives for This Chapter

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

The Process of Perception

(4)

Sensing

(1)

Selecting

(1)

Shaping

(1)

Creating Meaning

(1)

Factors Affecting Perception

(5)

Physical and Psychological States

(1)

Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values

(1)

Culture and Gender

(1)

Language

(1)

Motivation

(2)

Box: Processing Messages

(1)

Ways to Check Perceptions

(1)

The Process of Critical Thinking

(6)

Idea Logic

(1)

Starting with Data

(1)

Understanding Reasoning

(1)

Inductive Reasoning

(1)

Deductive Reasoning

(1)

Combined Reasoning

(1)

Qualifying Conclusions

(1)

Box: Seeking Truth

(1)

The Process of Planning Messages

(4)

Consider Audience Perceptions

(1)

Adapt to Receivers

(1)

Choose Appropriate Language

(1)

Organize Ideas Clearly

(1)

Provide a Framework

(1)

Keep Their Attention

(1)

Consider Audience Reasoning

(1)

Summary

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Cyberpoints

(2)

Part II Creating Dialogue

Listening and Questioning: Negotiating Meanings

(20)

Objectives for This Chapter

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Listening and Questioning for Your Future

(3)

Listening and Questioning for Academic and Career Success

(1)

Box: Listening Makes a Difference

(1)

Importance to Your Relationships

(1)

Listening Barriers

(2)

Inadequate Skills

(1)

Focusing Problems

(1)

Content Responses

(1)

Emotional Blocks

(1)

Listening and Questioning Approaches

(7)

Listening Actively

(1)

Listening and Questioning Interactively

(1)

Listening and Questioning Empathically

(1)

Box: Listening with Your Eyes

(2)

Listening and Questioning Collaboratively

(2)

Listening and Questioning Skill Development

(2)

Commitment

(1)

Preparation

(1)

Practice

(1)

Summary

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Cyberpoints

(1)

Form 4.1 Assessment of Listening and Questioning Skills

(1)

Nonverbal Communication: More Than Words Can Say

(22)

Objectives for This Chapter

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Communication: More Than Words

(2)

Nonverbal Cues Shape Transactions

100

(1)

Nonverbal Cues Are More Believable Than Verbal Cues

100

(1)

Nonverbal Cues Are Harder to Decode Than Verbal Cues

100

(1)

Voice and Speech: Instruments of Communication

101

(2)

Using Voice and Speech

101

(1)

Box: Communicating in Black and White

102

(1)

Adapting Voice and Speech

103

(1)

Body Movements Large and Small

103

(8)

Box: The Mathematical Marriage Predictor

104

(1)

Eyes and Face

104

(1)

Posture and Gestures

105

(1)

Posture

105

(2)

Gestures

107

(1)

Space and Touch

108

(1)

Space

109

(1)

Touch

110

(1)

Personal Symbols: Subtle Influences

111

(1)

Time: A Cultural Concept

112

(1)

Settings: Structures and Environments

113

(1)

Nonverbal Development: Credibility and Confidence

114

(1)

Receiving Nonverbal Cues

114

(1)

Sending Nonverbal Cues

115

(1)

Summary

115

(1)

Exercises

116

(1)

Cyberpoints

117

(2)

Verbal Communication: Connecting with Language

119

(21)

Objectives for This Chapter

120

(1)

Key Terms

120

(1)

What Words ``Mean''

121

(5)

Words Clarify Ideas

121

(1)

Box: La Llama, El Habla/Flame, Speech

122

(1)

Words Develop and Change

122

(1)

Basic Sources of Words

123

(1)

Adaptive Sources of Words

123

(1)

Words Manipulate Feelings

124

(1)

Words to Obscure

124

(1)

Words to Redefine

125

(1)

Words to Hurt

126

(1)

How Language Maps Meaning

126

(3)

Semantics

127

(1)

Syntactics

127

(1)

Language of Social Identity

127

(2)

Language Styles Affect Meaning

129

(4)

Status and Power

129

(1)

Gender

130

(1)

Box: Sisters with a Language

131

(1)

Culture

132

(1)

How Your Language Communicates Meaning

133

(4)

Building a Vocabulary

133

(1)

Communicating with Clarity

134

(2)

Stimulating Thinking and Senses

136

(1)

Summary

137

(1)

Exercises

138

(1)

Cyberpoints

139

(1)

Part III Building Interpersonal Relationships

Relationship Climates: Creating Communication Environments

140

(21)

Objectives for This Chapter

141

(1)

Key Terms

141

(1)

Developing Supportive Communication Climates

142

(9)

Characteristics of Supportive and Defensive Climates

142

(1)

Self-Disclosure

143

(1)

Effects of Self-Disclosure

143

(3)

Personal Influences on Self-Disclosure

146

(1)

Box: Ideas to Ponder about Being Direct or Indirect . . .

147

(1)

Guidelines for Self-Disclosure

148

(1)

Assertiveness

148

(2)

Empathy and Confirmation

150

(1)

Identifying Defensive Communication Climates

151

(4)

Game Playing

151

(2)

Conflict

153

(1)

Box: Nonviolent Solutions

154

(1)

Changing Defensive Communication Climates and Ending Games

155

(3)

Approaches

155

(1)

Communication for Managing Games and Conflicts

156

(2)

Summary

158

(1)

Exercises

158

(1)

Cyberpoints

159

(2)

Personal Relationships: Growing with Another

161

(23)

Objectives for This Chapter

162

(1)

Key Terms

162

(1)

Getting to Know People

163

(6)

Attraction

163

(1)

Personal Influences

164

(1)

Conversation Building

165

(1)

Box: E-mail: Communicating More, Thinking Less?

166

(1)

Structure

166

(1)

Topics

167

(1)

Conversation Flow

168

(1)

Self-Monitoring

168

(1)

Give and Take

168

(1)

Relationships

169

(4)

Building and Bonding

170

(1)

Growing and Dissolving

171

(1)

Box: Successful Relationships

172

(1)

Being a Couple

173

(3)

Box: Marriage Vows!

174

(1)

Expectations of Intimacy

174

(1)

Loss of Trust

175

(1)

Physical Aggression

175

(1)

Being a Family

176

(1)

Family Development

177

(4)

Optimal Family Functioning

178

(1)

Dysfunctional Family Relationships

178

(1)

Box: Survey Links Drug Use, Relationship with Father

179

(2)

Summary

181

(1)

Exercises

182

(1)

Cyberpoints

182

(2)

Professional Relationships: Transacting for Success

184

(21)

Objectives for This Chapter

185

(1)

Key Terms

185

(1)

Communicating in Organizational Cultures

186

(6)

Goal Conflicts and Compliance Pressures

187

(1)

Box: Professional speech

188

(1)

Stereotypes, Bias, and Harassment

189

(1)

Communication Connections

190

(1)

Bridging Goals and Needs

190

(1)

Bridging Cultures

191

(1)

Communicating in Interviews

192

(9)

Box: How to Talk to a Bureaucrat

193

(1)

Interview Types

193

(2)

Interview Homework

195

(1)

Interview Planning

196

(1)

Arrangements

196

(1)

Strategy and Structure

197

(1)

Question Functions and Forms

197

(1)

Questions for Selection and Performance

198

(2)

Interview Confidence and Credibility

200

(1)

Summary

201

(1)

Exercises

202

(2)

Cyberpoints

204

(1)

Part IV Communicating in Groups and Teams

Groups and Teams: Communication and Leadership

205

(23)

Objectives for This Chapter

206

(1)

Key Terms

206

(1)

Groups, Teams, and Your Future

207

(3)

Members Work Together to Attain Goals

207

(1)

Organizational Goals

207

(1)

Personal Goals

208

(1)

Members Adapt Formats to Attain Goals

208

(1)

Box: Virtual Teams

209

(1)

Groups, Teams, and Superteams

210

(3)

Effective Team Characteristics

210

(1)

Unique Character

210

(2)

Working Relationships

212

(1)

Effective Team Developmental Phases

212

(1)

Leaders and Leadership

213

(6)

Shared Leadership

213

(1)

Leadership Roles

214

(1)

Group-Building Roles

214

(1)

Task Roles

215

(1)

Individual Interest/Blocking Roles

215

(1)

Principled Leadership

216

(1)

Designated Leaders

216

(1)

Effective Leader Qualities

217

(1)

Effective Leader Responsibilities

217

(1)

Box: Choosing Wise Leaders

218

(1)

Leadership Styles

219

(1)

A Group's First Steps

220

(5)

Getting to Know One Another

220

(1)

Deciding on a Leader

221

(1)

Preparing for Work

221

(1)

Box: How Culture Affects Meeting Planning

222

(1)

Commitment and Accountability

222

(1)

Meetings

222

(1)

Preparing Agendas

223

(1)

Formal and Informal Agendas

223

(1)

Formats for Agendas

223

(1)

Managing the Meeting

224

(1)

Summary

225

(1)

Exercises

225

(2)

Cyberpoints

227

(1)

Problem Analysis and Decision Making: Achieving Group and Team Goals

228

(24)

Objectives for This Chapter

229

(1)

Key Terms

229

(1)

Identifying Your Team's Goals

230

(3)

Identifying Purposes

230

(1)

Defining Goals

231

(1)

Understanding and Committing to Goals

232

(1)

Box: Gathering Information

233

(1)

Planning Your Team's Inquiry

233

(2)

Information: What, Where, and How to Get It

233

(2)

Information: How to Share and Analyze It

235

(1)

Making Team Decisions Systematically

235

(10)

Analyzing Problems

236

(1)

Problem Identification

236

(2)

Causes and Effects

238

(1)

Establishing Criteria

238

(2)

Generating Possible Solutions

240

(1)

Analysis Tools

241

(1)

Applicability

241

(1)

Practicality

242

(1)

Advantages, Disadvantages, and Risks

242

(1)

Desirability

242

(1)

Decision Modes

243

(1)

Creating Implementation Plans

244

(1)

Ensuring Open Group Process

245

(3)

How Groupthink Happens

245

(1)

What Groupthink Does

246

(1)

How to Reduce Groupthink

247

(1)

Box: Team Vigilance

248

(1)

Summary

248

(1)

Exercises

249

(1)

Cyberpoints

250

(2)

Part V Speaking to Public Audiences

Research and Development: Creating Public Speeches

252

(28)

Objectives for This Chapter

253

(1)

Key Terms

253

(2)

Determining Your Purpose and Topic

255

(5)

Clarifying Your Purpose

255

(1)

Speeches to Inform

255

(1)

Speeches to Persuade

255

(1)

Box: Speaking with Fire

256

(1)

Speeches for Special Occasions

256

(1)

Selecting a Topic

257

(2)

Stating Your Thesis

259

(1)

Researching Your Speech

260

(2)

Finding Research Information

260

(1)

Electronic Sources

260

(1)

Print Sources

261

(1)

Human Sources

261

(1)

Evaluating Research Information

262

(1)

Analyzing Your Audience

262

(3)

Audience Characteristics

262

(1)

Audience Analysis Sources

263

(2)

Organizing Your Ideas

265

(2)

Organizational Patterns

265

(1)

Organizational Process

266

(1)

Developing Supporting Material

267

(3)

Types of Supporting Material

268

(1)

Choice and Use of Supporting Material

269

(1)

Creating Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions

270

(4)

Speech Introductions

270

(1)

Objectives

270

(1)

Types of Material

271

(1)

Speech Conclusions

272

(1)

Objectives

272

(1)

Types of Material

273

(1)

Speech Transitions

273

(1)

Using Visuals to Enhance Supporting Material

274

(2)

Visual Formats

274

(1)

Box: Slide Presentation Overload

275

(1)

Guidelines for Creating Visuals

275

(1)

Summary

276

(1)

Exercises

277

(1)

Cyberpoints

278

(2)

Rehearsal and Delivery: Speaking to Audiences

280

(25)

Objectives for This Chapter

281

(1)

Key Terms

281

(1)

Selecting Your Mode of Presentation

282

(2)

Visualizing Your Success

284

(1)

Preparing and Using Notes

285

(2)

Rehearsing and Adapting Your Speech

287

(1)

``Getting Set'' for Your Speaking Opportunity

288

(2)

Managing Your Nerves

288

(1)

Adapting to Circumstances

289

(1)

Talking with Your Audience

290

(2)

Using Nonverbal Delivery

292

(8)

Eyes and Face

292

(3)

Body and Gestures

295

(1)

Box: An Accent Is No Problem!

296

(1)

Voice and Articulation

296

(1)

Using Visuals

297

(1)

Answering Questions

298

(1)

Box: Digital Presentations: Make Your Delivery Effective

299

(1)

Summary

300

(1)

Exercises

301

(2)

Cyberpoints

303

(2)

Public Presentations: Speaking to Inform

305

(21)

Objectives for This Chapter

306

(1)

Key Terms

306

(1)

Speaking to Inform

307

(2)

Occasions for Informative Speaking

307

(1)

Types of Content

308

(1)

Audience Motivations and Learning Styles

309

(1)

Methods to Aid Understanding and Memory

310

(9)

Organizational Patterns

311

(1)

Box: Dr. Samuel Betances

312

(1)

Extended Analogy or Example

312

(1)

Acronym Arrangement

313

(1)

Journalist's Formula

313

(1)

Demonstration

314

(1)

Outline Wording

315

(1)

Support for Ideas

316

(1)

Defining Ideas

316

(1)

Associating Ideas

317

(1)

Reinforcing Ideas

318

(1)

Ways to Use Participation and Feedback

319

(1)

Audience Participation

319

(1)

Feedback Opportunities

320

(1)

Your Source Credibility and Confidence

320

(1)

Summary

321

(1)

Exercises

322

(1)

Cyberpoints

322

(2)

Sample Speech to inform

324

(2)

Public Presentations: Speaking to Persuade

326

(30)

Objectives for This Chapter

327

(1)

Key Terms

327

(1)

Process of Persuasion

328

(5)

Willingness to Change

328

(1)

Beliefs

329

(1)

Attitudes

330

(1)

Attitude Scales

330

(1)

Attitude Change

330

(1)

Values

331

(1)

Box: And a Little Child Shall Lead Them

332

(1)

Behaviors

332

(1)

Audience Adaptation

333

(5)

Setting Your Goals

333

(1)

Specific Goals

334

(1)

Realistic Goals

334

(1)

Considering Diversity

335

(2)

Connecting with Motives

337

(1)

Anticipating Opposing Positions

338

(1)

Organizational Strategies

338

(4)

Deductive

338

(1)

Inductive

339

(1)

Problem-Solution

340

(1)

Motivated Sequence

341

(1)

Residues

341

(1)

Persuasive Appeals

342

(6)

Appeals Based on Logic

343

(1)

Requirements for Proof

343

(1)

Supporting Material for Proof

343

(1)

Appeals Based on Emotion

344

(1)

Premises for Arguments

344

(1)

Impact on Listeners

345

(1)

Appeals Based on Source Credibility

345

(1)

Finding Common Ground

346

(1)

Demonstrating Competence and Objectivity

346

(1)

Box: Culture and Persuasive Style

347

(1)

Communicating with Appropriate Dynamism

347

(1)

Being Ethical

348

(1)

Language Choices

348

(1)

Summary

349

(1)

Exercises

350

(2)

Cyberpoints

352

(2)

Sample Persuasive Speech Using Motivated Sequence Strategy

354

(2)

Glossary

356

(5)

Notes

361

(16)

Index

377

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Cengage Advantage Books: Communicating with Credibility and Confidence (with SpeechBuilder Express™ and InfoTrac)

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials