Ceramic Innovations in the 20th Century

More than 100 important innovations in ceramics in the last 100 years are individually described. These include such major advances as the float glass process, continuous glass fibers and glass wool, the zirconia oxygen sensor, honeycomb ceramics, tape casting and multilayer ceramics, advances in tunnel kilns, low loss optical fiber, dental ceramics, basic oxygen steelmaking refractories, and uranium dioxide as a nuclear fuel. In addition, a summary of progress in ceramics is given that relates ceramic advances to general trends in the progress of science and industrial development.

JOHN B. WACHTMAN, PHD, was Sosman Professor of Ceramics at Rutgers University in New Jersey. Since he received his degree from the University of Maryland in 1961, he has worked as a research scientist, division chief, and director of the Center for Materials Research at the National Bureau of Standards. Dr. Wachtman is the author of several books and holds many awards, honors, and offices in various scientific societies.

The Development of Modern Ceramic Technology
Introduction
Trends in Ceramic Technology before 1899
Trends in Ceramic Technology since 1899
Advances in Ceramic Technology since 1899 Grouped by Application
Archaeology
Automobiles and Related Vehicles
Ceramic Processing Technology for General Applications of Ceramics
Ceramic Coatings Technology
Chemical and Structural Studies
Consumer Products
Defense
Electrical and Electronic Uses of Ceramics
Fluid Filters
Glass Production Technology for General Applications
Lasers
Machinery in General
Machining of Metals and Ceramics
Mechanical Property Enhancement
Medical and Dental Applications
Nuclear Applications
Optical Communications
Radio and Television
Refractories for Metal, Glass and Cement Processing
Sensors
Single Crystals Synthesis of Totally New Ceramic Materials
Descriptions of Important Ceramic Innovations in the Past 100 Years
Basic Ceramic Processing
Powders
Low-Soda Calcined Alumina
Tabular Alumina Aggregates
Calcined and Reactive Aluminas
Silicon Nitride Powder Improvement
Nanophase Ceramics
Nanopowder Process for Ultra-Fine and Ultra-Fast Pulverizing
Spray Drying
Forming
Isotatic Pressing
Ceramic Injection Molding
Enzyme Catalysis in Ceramic Forming
Tape Casting
Sheet-Formed Ceramics
Laminated Multilayer Ceramic Technology
Firing
Kiln Design Innovations in the 20th Century
Conveyer Technology for Tile Firing in Tunnel Kilns
Hot Isostatic Pressing
Sintering of Alumina at Temperatures of 1400 C and Below
Pore-Free Ceramics
Pore-Free Silicon Carbide Ceramics
Special Chemical Processing
Early History of Sol-Gel Ceramics
Sol-Gel Processing of Ceramics
Sol-Gel Ceramic Products
Large Silica Glass Bodies from Colloidal Sols
Basic Glass Processing
Glass Windows, Bottles, and Bulbs
Float Glass Process
Enhanced Float-Glass Process
Ribbon Machine for Glass Bulbs
Ribbon Machine for Glass Light Bulb Forming
Owens Suction Bottle Machine
Danner Process for Making Glass Tubing
Continuous Melting of Optical Glass
Fiberglass
Continuous Glass Fibers
Steam-Blown Glass Wool
Rotary Fiberizing
Glass Specialty Items
Glass-Ceramics
Glass-Ceramics
Radiant Glass-Ceramic Cooktops
Glass Microspheres
Laminated Glass
Borosilicate Laboratory and Consumer Glassware
Large, Flat-Glass TV Tubes
Automotive Solar Control Electrica
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Ceramic Innovations in the 20th Century

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials