Challenges to Authority; The Renaissance in

The evolution and reception of the Renaissance was mediated by developments in various other spheres of early modern life and culture. Foremost among these were the religious changes initiated by the Protestant Reformation, which are discussed in the opening chapters of this book. Religious and cultural developments in Germany are contrasted with sixteenth-century Spain and are further explored through the study of the picaresque novel Lazarillo de Tormes.

The place of Renaissance science or natural philosophy is also the subject of critical evaluation in this book. Case studies on the anatomical revolution, Galileo and court patronage, and Paracelsus illustrate new approaches in the field. Subsequent chapters explore the Renaissance fascination with witchcraft and demonology in both learned discourse (Pico's Strix) and popular drama (The Witch of Edmonton). The volume concludes with a study of one of the most influential and provocative writers of the sixteenth century, Michel de Montaigne, whose Essays provide stimulating material for a reassessment of the

Preface

xi

Introduction

xiii

Peter Elmer

Renaissance and reform

1

(54)

Anne Laurence

Introduction

1

(3)

Reform before the Reformation

4

(7)

Humanism and reform

11

(2)

Humanism in pre-Reformation Germany

13

(7)

The prelude to reform

20

(1)

Luther

21

(7)

Luther and humanism

28

(3)

Luther and spiritual reform

31

(3)

Luther and institutional reform

34

(4)

Melanchthon

38

(5)

Zwingli

43

(3)

Calvin

46

(4)

The Protestant Reformation: a Renaissance of the north?

50

(5)

The spread of reform

55

(48)

Anne Laurence

Introduction

55

(1)

The study of reform

56

(3)

Augsburg

59

(11)

Zwickau

70

(12)

The Peasants' War

82

(6)

The progress of reform: success or failure?

88

(3)

Reform outside Germany: counter-reform or Catholic reform?

91

(8)

Conclusion

99

(4)

The representation of reform

103

(66)

Anne Laurence

David Matter

Nick Webb

Reform and ritual

103

(19)

The debate about images: iconoclasm and iconophobia

122

(7)

Reform and portraiture: Luther as `hero'

129

(8)

Music and the culture of reform

137

(6)

Reformation and Renaissance visual culture

143

(26)

Lazarillo de Tormes

169

(42)

Keith Whitlock

Introduction

169

(1)

Background

170

(8)

Lazarillo: humanist parody?

178

(8)

Lazarillo and the humanist critique of poverty

186

(1)

Autobiography: truth or fiction?

187

(3)

Lazarillo as social commentary

190

(2)

The friar, the pardoner and Luther

192

(3)

The tambourine-painter, the chaplain and prosperity

195

(3)

The constable, the civil service and illuminist vocabulary

198

(1)

Anti-Spanish propaganda

198

(8)

Western literary tradition: genealogy and innovation

206

(5)

Did science have a Renaissance?

211

(38)

Peter Elmer

Introduction

211

(2)

Recent developments in the history of Renaissance science

213

(1)

The Renaissance and the scientific revolution

214

(2)

The anatomical revolution of the sixteenth century

216

(16)

Renaissance natural philosophy

232

(1)

Natural philosophy, the court and the role of patronage

233

(5)

Galileo, the Medici, and scientific patronage in Renaissance Italy

238

(6)

Conclusion

244

(5)

The `dark side': occult philosophy, magic and witchcraft

249

(38)

Peter Elmer

Introduction

249

(1)

Occult philosophy and Renaissance science

250

(8)

Paracelsus and the paracelsian revolution in medicine

258

(10)

Renaissance demonology

268

(13)

Conclusion

281

(6)

`Out of my door you witch': The Witch of Edmonton

287

(46)

Richard Danson Brown

Introduction: representing witches

287

(5)

Witchcraft in England

292

(13)

Collaboration in The Witch

305

(5)

Studying The Witch

310

(4)

The literary language of The Witch

314

(10)

The Witch and The Merry Wives

324

(4)

Conclusion: Renaissance drama and witchcraft

328

(5)

Montaigne on Montaigne

333

(64)

Antony Lentin

Introduction

333

(1)

Montaigne and the Essays

334

(22)

Montaigne on Renaissance beliefs and attitudes

356

(37)

Conclusion

393

(4)

Glossary

397

(7)

Acknowledgements

404

(1)

Index

405

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Challenges to Authority; The Renaissance in Europe: A Cultural Enquiry, Volume 3

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