Chaos and Complexity in Psychology: The Theory of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

, by Edited by Stephen J. Guastello , Matthijs Koopmans , David Pincus

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ISBN: 9780521887267 | 0521887267
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/10/2008

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While many books have discussed methodological advances in nonlinear dynamical systems theory (NDS), this volume is unique in its focus on NDS's role in the development of psychological theory. After an introductory chapter covering the fundamentals of chaos, complexity, and other nonlinear dynamics, subsequent chapters provide in-depth coverage of each of the specific topic areas in psychology. A concluding chapter takes stock of the field as a whole, evaluating important challenges for the immediate future. The chapters are written by experts in the use of NDS in each of their respective areas, including biological, cognitive, developmental, social, organizational, and clinical psychology. Each chapter provides an in-depth examination of theoretical foundations and specific applications and a review of relevant methods. This edited collection represents the state of the art in NDS science across the disciplines of psychology.

Contributors	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
Introduction to Nonlinear Dynamics and Complexity	p. 1
Elephants and Horses	p. 1
General Systems Theories and Paradigms	p. 2
Elements of NDS Functions	p. 4
Attractors and Chaos	p. 6
Bifurcations and Chaos	p. 14
Fractals and Power Laws	p. 16
Self-Organization	p. 23
Catastrophe Theory	p. 28
Computational Methods for NDS	p. 31
Summary	p. 35
References	p. 36
Collective Intelligence: Observations and Models	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
Models of Collective Intelligence	p. 43
Observations of Social Insect Behavior	p. 49
Conclusion	p. 65
References	p. 66
Neurodynamics and Electrocortical Activity	p. 73
Introduction	p. 73
Basics of Cortical Activity and EEG	p. 73
Digital EEG, Records, and Measure	p. 75
Clinical and Cognitive Mathematical Phenomenology of EEG	p. 77
Artificial Learning and Neural Networks	p. 79
Freeman Cortical Networks and Other Sigmoidal Models	p. 81
Hopfield's Integrate and Fire Neurons: Networks of Spiking Neurons	p. 83
The Hodgkin-Huxley Circuit and Other Neurodynamic Models	p. 85
Bifurcation, Chaos, and Stochastic Resonance in Neurodynamics	p. 88
AP Propagation and TMS	p. 92
Cortex Stimulation: Associative Memory and Binding	p. 95
Concluding Remarks and Perspectives	p. 97
Spectral Coherence	p. 98
References	p. 99
Psychophysics	p. 108
Introduction	p. 108
The Ubiquitous Ogive	p. 112
Transients	p. 116
Hysteresis	p. 118
Dimensions in Parallel	p. 119
Extensions to Networks	p. 122
Fast and Slow Dynamics	p. 123
The Existence of Inverses	p. 124
Variations in Response-Time Durations	p. 125
Conclusion	p. 127
References	p. 128
Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Perceptual Behavior: Implications for Dynamical Structure	p. 132
Introduction	p. 132
Shifts to the NDS Paradigm	p. 133
Response Time and Eye Tracking	p. 135
RT, Search, and Data Skew	p. 136
Measuring Temporal Dependencies, Scaling, and Rates of Decay	p. 143
Changing Behavioral Patterns Across Conditions: Previous Findings	p. 148
Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Dynamics in Neural Activity	p. 150
Assessing Image Complexity and Visual Search Dynamics	p. 153
Results for Image Complexity and Visual Search Dynamics	p. 159
General Discussion and Conclusions	p. 163
References	p. 170
Embodied and Embedded: The Dynamics of Extracting Perceptual Visual Invariants	p. 177
Perceptual Stability and Lability	p. 177
Visual Perception and Constancy of Position	p. 177
Perception of Position Constancy	p. 178
Fractal Perceptual-Motor Responses	p. 180
Dynamics of Action-Perception Cycles	p. 181
Intentional Dynamics and Invariance Extraction	p. 183
Perceptual Constancy and Visual Search: Predictions and Methods	p. 184
Results and Discussion for Perceptual Constancy and Visual Search	p. 192
Conclusion	p. 199
References	p. 201
Origins of Order in Cognitive Activity	p. 206
Origins of Order in Cognitive Activity	p. 206
Order and Information Processing	p. 207
Emergence of Order in Complex Systems	p. 211
Evidence for Self-Organized Order in Cognition	p. 218
Summary and New Questions	p. 233
References	p. 234
Nonlinear Complex Dynamical Systems in Developmental Psychology	p. 242
Introduction	p. 242
Dynamical Systems and Explanatory Adequacy	p. 243
Development and the Dynamics of Long-Term Change	p. 248
Action and the Dynamics of Short-Term Change	p. 252
Developmental Phenomena from the NDS Viewpoint	p. 256
Fuzziness, Ambiguity, and the Developmental Construction of Novelty	p. 267
And Where's the Brain?	p. 270
Conclusion: The Complex Dynamics of Development	p. 271
References	p. 272
Developmental Psychopathology: Maladaptive and Adaptive Attractors in Children's Close Relationships	p. 282
Introduction	p. 282
Developmental Psychopathology	p. 283
Application of NDS Theory to Developmental Psychopathology	p. 287
Relationships as Nonlinear Dynamical Systems	p. 288
NDS Analytic Methods in Developmental Psychopathology	p. 290
New Directions in the Study of Attractors	p. 295
Implications for Intervention Science	p. 298
References	p. 300
Psychopathology	p. 307
Introduction	p. 307
The Dynamical Disease Approach	p. 308
The Complexity Theory Approach	p. 314
Empirical Examination of Perceptional Organization and Schizophrenia	p. 317
Gestalt Studies, Complexity, and Schizophrenia	p. 324
General Discussion and Conclusions	p. 325
References	p. 330
Coherence, Complexity, and Information Flow: Self-Organizing Processes in Psychotherapy	p. 335
The True Nature of Psychotherapy	p. 335
From Roots to Branches: Historical Development of the Process-Oriented Psychotherapies	p. 337
The Nonlinear Elephant in the Office: The Common NDS Assumptions of Therapy Process	p. 350
Empirical Validation of the 5-R Model	p. 356
Related Empirical Results Using the NDS Perspective	p. 357
Summary and Conclusions	p. 361
References	p. 364
The Dynamics of Human Experience: Fundamentals of Dynamical Social Psychology	p. 370
Introduction	p. 370
The Dynamical Perspective	p. 372
Dynamical Minimalism	p. 381
The Dynamics of Social Influence	p. 383
Dynamics of Interpersonal Synchronization	p. 388
The Trajectory of Dynamical Social Psychology	p. 393
References	p. 395
Group Dynamics: Adaptation, Coordination, and the Emergence of Leaders	p. 402
Introduction	p. 402
Adaptive Behavior	p. 403
Coordination Intersection Type	p. 407
Coordination: Stag Hunt Type	p. 414
Self-Organization and Leadership Emergence	p. 418
Summary	p. 425
References	p. 427
Organizational Psychology	p. 434
Introduction	p. 434
Why Do We Need Complexity Science?	p. 435
How Has Complexity Science Been Used to Study Organizations?	p. 440
Predictions About Future Developments in Organizational Science	p. 443
Summary	p. 445
References	p. 446
Complexity, Evolution, and Organizational Behavior	p. 452
Introduction	p. 452
Evolutionary Drive	p. 454
Ignorance and Learning	p. 455
Complexity and Evolutionary Drive	p. 459
Modeling Human Systems	p. 462
Conclusions	p. 470
References	p. 472
Agent-Based Modeling Within a Dynamic Network	p. 475
Introduction	p. 475
History of Social Simulation and Network Analysis	p. 477
Agent-Based Simulation as a Research Strategy	p. 482
Applied Agent-Based Simulations	p. 483
Designing an Agent-Based Dynamic Network Simulation	p. 485
Simulation Software Platforms and Tools	p. 494
Limitations	p. 496
Implications for Researchers	p. 497
References	p. 498
Epilogue: Psychology at the Edge of Chaos	p. 506
Introduction	p. 506
Psychology as a Sleeping Beauty	p. 507
The Roles of NDS in Psychology	p. 509
Context, Evolution, and Growing Points	p. 518
Future Challenges	p. 522
References	p. 524
Index	p. 527
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Chaos and Complexity in Psychology: The Theory of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

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