Chemistry Laboratory Manual : An Introduction

This laboratory manual contains 42 experiments for the standard sequence of topics in general, organic, and biological chemistry. General Chemistry: Measurement and Significant Figures; Conversion Factors in Calculations; Density and Specific Gravity; Atomic Structure; Electronic Configuration and Periodic Properties; Nuclear Radiation; Compounds and Their Formulas; Energy and Specific Heat; Energy and States of Matter; Chemical Reactions and Equations; Reaction Rates and Equilibrium; Moles and Chemical Formulas; Gas Laws; Partial Pressures of Gas Mixtures; Solutions, Electrolytes, and Concentration; Soluble and Insoluble Salts; Testing for Cations and Anions; Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions; Acids, Bases, pH and Buffers; Acid-Base Titration. Organic and Biological Chemistry: Properties of Organic Compounds; Structures of Alkanes; Reactions of Hydrocarbons; Alcohols and Phenols; Aldehydes and Ketones; Types of Carbohydrates; Tests for Carbohydrates; Carboxylic Acids and Esters; Aspirin and Other Analgesics; Lipids; Glycerophospholipids and Steroids; Saponification and Soaps; Amines and Amides; Synthesis of Acetaminophen; Plastics and Polymerization; Amino Acids; Peptides and Proteins; Enzymes; Vitamins; DNA Components and Extraction; Digestion of Foodstuffs; Analysis of Urine. A comprehensive lab manual for anyone who wants to learn more about general, organic, and biological chemistry.

Table of Contents
General Chemistry
Measurement and Significant Figures	p. 7
Measuring Length	p. 8
Measuring Volume	p. 9
Measuring Mass	p. 9
Conversion Factors in Calculations	p. 17
Rounding Off	p. 17
Significant Figures in Calculations	p. 19
Conversion Factors for Length	p. 20
Conversion Factors for Volume	p. 21
Conversion Factors for Mass	p. 22
Percent by Mass	p. 23
Converting Temperature	p. 24
Density and Specific Gravity	p. 29
Density of a Solid	p. 29
Density of a Liquid	p. 30
Specific Gravity	p. 30
Graphing Mass and Volume	p. 31
Atomic Structure	p. 35
Physical Properties of Elements	p. 36
Periodic Table	p. 37
Subatomic Particles	p. 38
Isotopes	p. 39
Electronic Configuration and Periodic Properties	p. 45
Flame Tests	p. 46
Electron Configuration	p. 47
Graphing A Periodic Property: Atomic Radius	p. 49
Nuclear Radiation	p. 55
Background Count56
Radiation from Radioactive Sources	p. 57
Effect of Shielding, Time, and Distance	p. 58
Compounds and Their Formulas	p. 67
Electron-Dot Structures	p. 68
Ionic Compounds and Formulas	p. 69
Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals	p. 70
Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions	p. 70
Covalent (Molecular) Compounds	p. 71
Electron Dot Structure and Molecular Shape	p. 73
Energy and Specific Heat	p. 81
Specific Heat of A Metal	p. 81
Measuring the Caloric Value of a Food	p. 83
Food Calories	p. 84
Energy and States of Matter	p. 91
A Heating Curve for Water	p. 91
Graphing a Cooling Curve	p. 93
Energy in Changes of State	p. 94
Chemical Reactions and Equations	p. 101
Magnesium and Oxygen	p. 101
Zinc and Copper (II) Sulfate	p. 102
Metals and HCl	p. 102
Reactions of Ionic Compounds	p. 103
Sodium Carbonate and HCl	p. 103
Reaction Rates and Equilibrium	p. 113
Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions	p. 114
Rates of Reactions	p. 114
Reversible Reactions	p. 115
Iron (III)-thiocyanate Equilibrium	p. 117
Moles and Chemical Formulas	p. 125
Finding the Simplest Formula	p. 125
Formula of a Hydrate	p. 128
Gas Laws	p. 133
Boyles Law	p. 133
Charles Law	p. 135
Partial Pressures of Gas Mixtures	p. 145
Partial Pressures of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Air	p. 145
Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere	p. 146
Carbon Dioxide in Expired Air	p. 146
Solutions, Electrolytes, and Concentration	p. 153
Polarity of Solutes and Solvents	p. 153
Electrolytes and Conductivity	p. 154
Electrolytes in Body Fluids	p. 155
Concentration of a Sodium Chloride Solution	p. 155
Soluble and Insoluble Salts	p. 163
Soluble and Insoluble Salts	p. 163
Solubility of KNO3	p. 164
Testing the hardness of Water	p. 165
Purification of Water	p. 166
Testing for Cations and Anions	p. 173
Tests for Positive Ions (Cations)	p. 174
Tests for Negative Ions (Anions)	p. 174
Writing the Formulas of Your Unknown Salt	p. 174
Testing Consumer Products for Some Cations and Anions	p. 175
Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions	p. 181
Identification Tests	p. 181
Osmosis and Dialysis	p. 182
Filtration	p. 182
Acids, Bases, pH and Buffers	p. 189
pH Color Using Red Cabbage Indicator	p. 189
Measuring pH	p. 190
Effect of Buffers on pH	p. 192
Acid-Base Titration	p. 199
Acetic Acid in Vinegar	p. 200
Titration of an Antacid	p. 201
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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Chemistry Laboratory Manual : An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

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