Chemokines, Chemokine Receptors and Disease

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ISBN: 9780121533557 | 0121533557
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/2/2005

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This volume in the Current Topics in Membranes series discusses the biology of chemokines and their binding partners, chemokine receptors, in normal and disease-related states. Chemokines are small proteins that are important in normal immune responses. Recent research demonstrates a role for these proteins in a variety of diseases such as heart disease, allergy, asthma, and cancer. As a result of the discovery of this link to disease, the topic of chemokines and drugs that block their actions has become an intense are of study. This book presents the topics of chemokines, chemokine receptors, and related pathologies in an integrated manner that provides the reader with a comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge of these topics. * Provides a comprehensive overview of the history, molecular biology, cell biology, pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology of chemokines and their receptors * Each chapter discusses "future directions and unanswered questions" of chemokine biology * Serves as a road map for future research

Contributors

Foreword

Previous Volumes in Series

xvii

CHAPTER 1 Overview and History of Chemokines and Their Receptors

Tina M. Calderon and Joan W. Berman

I. Chemokines: General Overview

(13)

II. Chemokine Receptors: General Overview

(4)

III. Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Inflammation In Vivo

(3)

IV. An Expanding Role for Chemokines

(1)

References

(28)

CHAPTER 2 The Biology of CXC Chemokines and Their Receptors

Nathaniel M. Weathington and J. Edwin Blalock

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Genetic and Protein Structure of the CXC Chemokine Family

(11)

III. The Biochemical Signal

(2)

IV. Communications of the CXC Chemokines

(4)

References

(6)

CHAPTER 3 The Molecular and Cellular Biology of CC Chemokines and Their Receptors

James M. Fox and James E. Pease

I. Introduction

(1)

II. CC Chemokines

(1)

III. CC Chemokine Receptors

(4)

IV. Aspects of CC Chemokine Structure

(1)

V. Structural Determinants of Ligand Binding and Receptor Activation by CC Chemokines

(2)

VI. G-Protein Coupling of CC Chemokine Receptors and Downstream Signaling Events

(3)

VII. Chemokine Receptor Dimerization

(1)

VIII. Receptor Desensitization, Internalization, and Recycling

(3)

IX. Proteolytic Processing of CC Chemokines

(2)

X. Chemokine Binding to Glycosaminoglycans

(1)

XI. Scavenging of CC Chemokines by D6 and DARC

(1)

XII. Regulation of CC Chemokine Receptor Expression

(1)

XIII. Natural Antagonism of CC Chemokine Receptors

(1)

XIV. Future Directions and Unanswered Questions

(1)

References

(10)

CHAPTER 4 The Molecular and Cellular Biology of C and CX^C Chemokines and Their Receptors

Tadaatsu Imaizumi, Hidemi Yoshida, and Kei Satoh

I. C and CX3C Chemokines

103

(1)

II. Receptors for Lymphotactin and Fractalkine

104

(1)

III. Regulation of Lymphotactin and Fractalkine Expression

105

(3)

IV. Role of Lymphotactin and Fractalkine in Diseases

108

(1)

V. Future Directions and Unanswered Questions

109

(1)

References

110

(5)

CHAPTER 5 Chemokines and Their Receptors in Hematopoietic Cell Development and Functioning

Chang H. Kim

I. Introduction

115

(1)

II. Chemokines for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

116

(3)

III. Chemokines in B-Cell Migration

119

(4)

IV. Chemokines and T-Cells

123

(8)

V. Nonchemotactic Functions of Chemokines

131

(2)

VI. Concluding Remarks

133

(1)

References

133

(10)

CHAPTER 6 Chemokines in Immune Surveillance of the Intestine

Jan Hendrik Niess and Hans-Christian Reinecker

I. Introduction

143

(1)

II. Chemokines Regulate the Function of Intestinal Dendritic Cells

144

(2)

III. Chemokines Recruit T-Cells to Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

146

(2)

IV. Chemokines Regulate B-Cells in the Intestine

148

(1)

V. IEC-Derived Chemokines Shape the Mucosal Immune System

148

(2)

VI. Chemokines Have Direct Antimicrobial Effects

150

(1)

VII. Chemokines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

151

(1)

VIII. Conclusion

152

(1)

References

153

(6)

CHAPTER 7 Chemokines and Central Nervous System Physiology

Robyn S. Klein, Joshua B. Rubin, and Andrew D. Luster

I. Overview

159

(1)

II. Chemokines and CNS Development

160

(8)

III. Chemokines in Adult CNS Function

168

(4)

IV. Chemokines and CNS Inflammatory Diseases

172

(4)

V. Chemokines in CNS Neoplastic Diseases

176

(2)

VI. Concluding Remarks and Future Directions

178

(1)

References

178

(11)

CHAPTER 8 Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Pulmonary Disease

Molly S. Thomas, Allison L. Miller, and Nicholas W. Lukacs

I. Introduction

189

(3)

II. Chemokines and Pulmonary Disease

192

(19)

III. Summary

211

(1)

References

211

(12)

CHAPTER 9 Chemokines, Chemokine Receptors and Atherosclerosis

Alison E. John, Keith M. Channon, and David R. Greaves

I. Introduction

223

(1)

II. Inflammation and Atherogenesis

224

(2)

III. Animal Models of Atherosclerosis

226

(1)

IV. Chemokines and Atherosclerosis

227

(8)

V. Therapeutic Strategies for Modulating Chemokine–Receptor Interactions

235

(5)

VI. Unanswered Questions and Future Directions

240

(2)

References

242

(14)

CHAPTER 10 CXC Chemokines in Cancer

Robert M. Strieter, Marie D. Burdick, Ammar Sakkour, Nilo O. Arnaiz, John A. Belperio, and Michael P. Keane

I. Introduction

256

(1)

II. Evidence That CXC Chemokines are Involved in Cellular Transformation Relevant to Preneoplastic-to-Neoplastic Transformation

256

(2)

III. Evidence That Chemokínes are Involved in the Regulation of Angiogenesis in Tumors

258

(7)

IV. ELR+ CXC Chemokines Promote Angiogenesis Associated with Tumorigenesis

265

(5)

V. Non-ELR+ CXC Chemokines Weaken Angiogenesis Associated with Tumorigenesis

270

(2)

VI. The Concept of 'Immunoangiostasis': The Role of CXCR3/CXCR3 Ligand Biological Axis in Mediating Th1 Cell-Mediated Immunity and Angiostasis

272

(3)

VII. Evidence That Chemokines are Involved in Tumor-Cell Invasion

275

(2)

VIII. Evidence That Chemokines Regulate the Pattern of Organ-Specific Metastasis of Cancer

277

(3)

IX. Conclusion

280

(1)

References

280

(10)

CHAPTER 11 Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Infectious Disease

Karoll J. Cortez, Julia O. Jackson, and Shyam Kottilil

I. Introduction

290

(2)

II. Human Chemokíne Receptors as Entry Factors for Infectious Agents

292

(13)

III. Viral Strategies to Circumvent Chemokine Systems

305

(4)

IV. Strategies for Blocking the Chemokine System in Infectious Disease

309

(8)

V. Future Directions

317

(3)

References

320

(11)

CHAPTER 12 New Therapies Targeting Chemokine Receptors: Can Changing the Way Cells Traffic be Used to Treat Human Disease?

Linda Bendall and Kenneth Bradstock

I. Introduction

331

(2)

II. Available Drugs That Modulate Chemokine/Receptor Function

333

(5)

III. Clinical Uses for Chemokine-Receptor Antagonists

338

(11)

IV. Discussion

349

(1)

References

350

(17)

Index

367

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Chemokines, Chemokine Receptors and Disease

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