Children in a Changing World

, by Zigler, Edward F.; Stevenson, Matia Finn

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ISBN: 9780534142384 | 0534142389
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/1/1992

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"Children in a Changing World" is, first and foremost, a chronologically organized, research-based child development text. All the necessary topics are there--from theories in child development to the latest cognitive research. But Zigler and Finn Stevenson don't stop there. They consistently provide sound coverage of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development in the context of the current soical conditions that affect children and families.

Part I Children in a Changing World

(72)

Children and Social Change

(36)

Why Study Children?

(1)

A Brief History of Child Development

(3)

The Influence of Locke, Rousseau, and Darwin

(2)

Early Observational Studies: Baby Biographies

(1)

G. Stanley Hall and Early Experimental Studies

(1)

Why Focus on Social Policy?

(3)

Development of Interest in Social Policy

(1)

Childhood Social Indicators

(2)

Growing Up in the 1990s

(5)

Changes in Family Life

(5)

Not All Poor Families Are Alike

(7)

Changes in Demography

(1)

Feature: Societal Changes in Other Countries

(2)

Learning from Other Cultures: Chinese Population Policies in China

(6)

Technological Advances

(3)

From Problem to Solution: Addressing Children's Needs

(7)

Family Support Programs

(2)

The Role of Government

(2)

The Role of Business and Industry

(1)

The School of the 21st Century

(1)

The Role of Advocates

(1)

Summary

(1)

The Study of Child Development

(34)

The Goal of Child Development Research

(1)

The Concept of Childhood

(2)

Historical Highlights

(3)

The Testing Movement

(1)

The Increased Popularity of Child Study

(2)

Theories of Child Development

(9)

What is a Theory?

(1)

The Psychoanalytic Theory

(2)

The Psychosocial Theory

(2)

The Learning Theories

(3)

Theories of Cognitive Development

(1)

Lev Vygotsky

(2)

Sources of Ideas and Evidence

(5)

The Cross-Cultural Approach

(3)

The Behavioral-Genetic Approach

(1)

The Comparative Approach

(1)

The Ethological Approach

(1)

The Ecological Approach

(1)

Dimensions of Child Development Research

(9)

Research Evidence versus Personal Knowledge

(1)

Types of Research

(1)

Methods for Research with Children

(6)

Ethical Considerations

(1)

The Application of Research to Practice

(1)

Summary

(2)

Part II The Beginning of Life

(82)

Our Biological Heritage

(38)

Gene/Environment Transactions

(17)

Canalization

(1)

Transmission of Genetic Information

(3)

Complex Gene Activity

(1)

Genes and Chromosomes

(2)

The Beginning of Life and Cell Division

(2)

Genetic Variability

(1)

Sex Chromosomes

(5)

Do You Know Your Genes?

(1)

The Human Genome Project

(3)

Discussion of Social Issues: Detecting Genetic Disorders and Genetic Engineering

(4)

Heredity and Behavior

102

(1)

Methods of Studying Heredity and Behavior

102

(1)

Alcoholism is Linked to Genetic Abnormality

102

(3)

Heredity and Intelligence

105

(4)

Inheritance of Personality Traits

109

(1)

Mental Disorders: A Genetic Link

110

(2)

Summary

112

(2)

Prenatal Development and Birth

114

(42)

Prenatal Development

116

(1)

Conception

116

(1)

Infertility

117

(7)

Stages of Prenatal Development

118

(6)

Sensory Capabilities

124

(1)

Environmental Influences

124

(1)

Learning in the Womb

124

(6)

Influence of Teratogens

127

(3)

Crack Babies

130

(2)

Feature: The Father's Role in Birth Defects

132

(8)

Legal Implications: Protecting the Fetus

135

(1)

Diseases of the Mother

136

(1)

The Mother's Age

137

(1)

Genetic Problems: Rh Factor

137

(1)

The Mother's Emotions

138

(1)

Nutrition

138

(2)

Discussion of Social Issues: Poverty, Pregnancy, and Child Development

140

(3)

The WIC Program

141

(2)

Birth

143

(4)

The Birth Process

143

(1)

Evaluating the Newborn

144

(1)

Birthing Options

144

(2)

Risks to Infants During Delivery

146

(1)

Prematurity and Low Birth Weight

147

(3)

Mothers of Premature Infants

148

(1)

Fathers of Premature Infants

148

(1)

Early Intervention Programs

149

(1)

Social Aspects of Pregnancy and Birth

150

(1)

Attitudes Toward Pregnancy and Childrearing

151

(1)

Learning from Other Cultures: The Desire to Have Children

151

(4)

Learning to Be Parents

153

(2)

Summary

155

(1)

Part III Infancy

156

(122)

Physical Development During Infancy

158

(46)

The Newborn

160

(8)

Characteristics of the Newborn

161

(1)

Appearance

162

(1)

Individuality

162

(6)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

168

(4)

Dependence and Competence

169

(3)

Breast-Feeding

172

(4)

Feature: Understanding Colic

176

(2)

Sensory and Perceptual Capabilities

178

(6)

Hearing

179

(1)

Vision

180

(3)

Touch, Smell, and Taste

183

(1)

Feature: A Quest for Superbabies

184

(2)

Interconnectedness Among the Senses

185

(1)

Physical Growth and Motor Development

186

(5)

Physical Growth

186

(3)

The Brain

189

(2)

Discussion of Social Issues: Babies with AIDS

191

(4)

Motor Development

192

(2)

The Role of Maturation and the Environment

194

(1)

Learning from Other Cultures: Motor Development and Childrearing Practices

195

(1)

Atypical Development

196

(7)

The Birth of Severely Disabled Infants

196

(2)

Identifying the Disabled Infant

198

(4)

Early Intervention Programs

202

(1)

Summary

203

(1)

Cognitive and Language Development During Infancy

204

(36)

Cognitive Development

206

(2)

Learning in Early Life

206

(2)

Learning Through Imitation

208

(5)

Memory

209

(2)

Forming Categories

211

(2)

Approaches to Studying Cognitive Development

213

(3)

The Information-Processing Approach

214

(1)

The Piagetian Approach

215

(1)

Piaget's Sensorimotor Period

216

(5)

The Sensorimotor Period

218

(3)

Language Development

221

(2)

Theories of Language Acquisition

221

(2)

Feature: Genie: A Modern-Day Wild Child

223

(3)

Milestones in Language Development

224

(2)

The Role of Motherese in Language Acquisition

226

(5)

The First Words

228

(2)

Combining Words

230

(1)

New Ways Infants Are Growing Up Today

231

(4)

Teaching Babies to Read

231

(3)

The Role of Parents in Cognitive Development

234

(1)

Discussion of Social Issues: Infants in Out-of-Home Group Care

235

(3)

Research Findings

236

(1)

What Is Quality Care?

237

(1)

The Reality of U.S. Child Care

237

(1)

Summary

238

(2)

Social and Emotional Development During Infancy

240

(38)

Early Social Development: Becoming Acquainted

242

(12)

Research on Mother/Infant Interactions

243

(3)

The Baby's Social Predisposition

246

(3)

The Infant's Emotional Life

249

(1)

Smiling

249

(3)

Fear

252

(2)

Social Referencing

254

(2)

Establishing Relationships: Attachment

256

(4)

Individual Differences in Attachment

256

(2)

Theories of Attachment

258

(1)

Influences on Attachment

259

(1)

Learning from Other Cultures: Cultural Influences on Attachment

260

(3)

Importance of Attachment

260

(3)

Reversing the Negative Effects of Early Deprivation

263

(2)

Discussion of Social Issues: Foster Care

265

(2)

Infants of Working Mothers

266

(1)

Feature: Black Children in Foster Care

267

(7)

Relationships with Others

274

(3)

Infants and Their Fathers

274

(2)

Peer Relationships

276

(1)

Summary

277

(1)

Part IV The Preschool Years

278

(106)

Physical Development During the Preschool Years

280

(32)

Progress in Physical Growth and Motor Development

282

(12)

Physical Growth

282

(4)

Brain Development

286

(2)

Development of Motor Skills

288

(5)

Increased Competence in Self-Help Skills

293

(1)

Learning from Other Cultures: Toilet Training

294

(2)

Influences on Growth

296

(2)

Malnutrition

296

(2)

Discussion of Social Issues: Child Maltreatment

298

(6)

Obesity

302

(1)

Health Care

303

(1)

Feature: Immunizing Children

304

(7)

Childhood Injuries

307

(4)

Summary

311

(1)

Cognitive and Language Development During the Preschool Years

312

(34)

Cognitive Development

315

(9)

Piaget's Theory: The Preoperational Period

315

(8)

Alternative Explanations of Cognition

323

(1)

Language Development

324

(3)

Language Acquisition

324

(1)

Learning the Rules of Grammar

325

(2)

Overregularization

327

(1)

Learning the Meaning of Words

327

(4)

Articulation

328

(1)

Egocentric and Socialized Speech

328

(1)

Learning to Communicate

329

(2)

Getting Ready for School: Learning Environments

331

(3)

The Family

331

(1)

Child Care

332

(2)

Training Child Care Providers

334

(3)

Television: Its Educational Value

336

(1)

Preschool

336

(1)

Learning from Other Cultures: Preschools in the United States, Japan, and China

337

(2)

Discussion of Social Issues: Preschool Intervention Programs

339

(5)

School Readiness: What Does It Mean?

344

(1)

Summary

344

(2)

Social and Emotional Development During the Preschool Years

346

(38)

The Social World

348

(1)

The Preschool Child: A Theoretical Perspective

348

(3)

Expanding Family Relations

349

(2)

Discussion of Social Issues: Children of Divorce

351

(9)

Relations with Siblings

353

(1)

Peer Relations

354

(2)

Play

356

(4)

Personality and Emotional Development

360

(12)

Relating to Others

360

(4)

Emergence of the Self-Concept

364

(3)

Explaining Sex Differences in Behavior

367

(3)

Theoretical Perspectives

370

(2)

Socialization

372

(5)

Socialization in the Family

372

(1)

Parental Care-Giving Practices

373

(4)

Learning from Other Cultures: Influences on Socialization

377

(5)

Minority-Group Children in the United States

377

(1)

The Role of Television

378

(3)

Effects of Child Care on Socialization

381

(1)

Summary

382

(2)

Part V The Middle Childhood Years

384

(104)

Physical Development During Middle Childhood

386

(24)

Progress in Physical Growth and Motor Development

388

(3)

Motor Skills

389

(2)

Poor Physical Fitness: An Unhealthy Trend Among School-Age Children

391

(5)

Physical Growth

392

(4)

Feature: Cultural Variations in Activity Levels: The Hispanic Child in School

396

(5)

Health Issues

401

(5)

Obesity

401

(1)

Stress

402

(1)

Injuries

403

(1)

Health Care

404

(2)

Discussion of Social Issues: Homeless Children

406

(2)

Summary

408

(2)

Cognitive Development During Middle Childhood

410

(40)

Cognitive Development

412

(15)

Information-Processing Approach

412

(3)

Piaget's Theory: The Concrete Operations Period

415

(11)

Piaget and Education

426

(1)

Language Development

427

(1)

Metalinguistic Awareness

427

(1)

Literacy and Metalinguistic Awareness

428

(7)

Humor

430

(1)

Language-Minority Children

431

(4)

The Child in School

435

(1)

The School as a Learning Environment

435

(1)

Children's Cognitive Style

436

(1)

Learning from Other Cultures: The Effects of Schooling on Cognitive Development

437

(2)

Learning Problems

438

(1)

Feature: Testing Young Children: Concerns and Precautions

439

(7)

Discussion of Social Issues: Mainstreaming

446

(3)

Summary

449

(1)

Social and Emotional Development During Middle Childhood

450

(38)

Progress in Social and Emotional Development

452

(13)

Advances in Social Cognition: Role-Taking

452

(4)

Moral Development

456

(6)

Advances in the Self-Concept

462

(2)

Influences on Self-Esteem

464

(1)

Self-Esteem in Minority-Group Children

465

(1)

The Social World of the School-Age Child

466

(4)

The School

467

(1)

The Influence of Teachers

467

(2)

A Society of Children

469

(1)

Corporal Punishment

470

(5)

Feature: Social Skills Training

475

(3)

The Family

476

(2)

Corporate Support of Family Life

478

(2)

Discussion of Social Issues: Children in Self-Care

480

(7)

Single-Parent Families

483

(1)

Poverty

483

(1)

Helping Children Cope with Stress

484

(3)

Summary

487

(1)

Part VI Adolescence

488

(87)

Physical Development During Adolescence

490

(28)

What Is Adolescence?

492

(2)

Adolescence as a Cultural Invention

492

(1)

The Passage to Adulthood

493

(1)

Learning from Other Cultures: Sexual Scripts

494

(3)

Storm and Stress or Cultural Expectations?

496

(1)

Physical Changes During Adolescence

497

(10)

Puberty

497

(2)

The Growth Spurt

499

(1)

Changes in Body Proportions

500

(1)

Increased Nutritional Needs

501

(1)

Eating Disorders

502

(1)

Sexual Maturation

503

(4)

Discussion of Social Issues: Teenage Pregnancy and Childbearing

507

(4)

The Impact of Physical Changes on Psychological Development

511

(6)

The Timing of Puberty

511

(2)

Depression During Adolescence

513

(1)

Adolescent Suicide

514

(3)

Summary

517

(1)

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

518

(26)

Intellectual Development

520

(1)

Research on Adolescent Thought

520

(1)

Adolescent Egocentrism

521

(6)

Piaget's Theory

522

(3)

The Inadequacy of Piagetian Tests

525

(1)

Information-Processing

526

(1)

Intellectual Performance

527

(1)

Children with Mental Retardation

527

(8)

What Is Intelligence?

528

(3)

Measuring Intelligence

531

(4)

Socioeconomic Status and IQ

535

(1)

The Adolescent in School

536

(3)

Discussion of Social Issues: High School Compensatory Education

539

(4)

Preventing Truancy and School Dropout

541

(1)

Do Schools Make a Difference?

542

(1)

Summary

543

(1)

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

544

(31)

The Search for a Personal Identity

546

(12)

Theoretical Perspectives

547

(2)

The Social Context

549

(7)

Peers

556

(2)

Friendship Patterns Among Black and White Adolescents

558

(5)

Feature: Drug and Alcohol Abuse

563

(5)

The Family

564

(4)

Discussion of Social Issues: Runaway, Homeless, and Delinquent Youths

568

(4)

Facilitating the Transition from Childhood to Adulthood

571

(1)

Summary

572

(3)

Glossary

575

(9)

References

584

(53)

Name Index

637

(10)

Subject Index

647

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Children in a Changing World

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials