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Children with Disabilities
, by Batshaw, Mark L.- ISBN: 9781557668585 | 1557668582
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 7/1/2007
Now available in a completely revised sixth edition, this is the leading textbook for professionals preparing to work with children with disabilities and their families. A trusted bestseller since the first edition was published more than 25 years ago, Children with Disabilities has been reviewed and updated by leading authorities. Readers will get the very latest research on a wide range of disabilities including: intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, attention deficits and hyperactivity, Down syndrome, communication disorders, neural tube defects, traumatic brain injury, and more.
| List of Tables and Figures | p. xiii |
| About the Editors | p. xix |
| Contributors | p. xxi |
| A Personal Note to the Reader | p. xxvii |
| Preface | p. xxix |
| Acknowledgments | p. xxxiii |
| Letters from Andrew Batshaw | p. xxxiv |
| As Life Begins | |
| Genetics and Developmental Disabilities | p. 3 |
| Genetic Disorders | |
| Chromosomes | |
| Cell Division and Its Disorders | |
| Genes and Their Disorders | |
| Revising Mendelian Genetics | |
| Environmental Influences on Heredity | |
| Development Before Birth | p. 23 |
| Fertilization | |
| Embryonic and Fetal Development | |
| Development of the Central Nervous System | |
| Maternal Factors in Fetal Development | |
| Having a Baby: The Birth Process | p. 35 |
| Dating a Pregnancy | |
| Deciding When to Deliver the Baby | |
| Perinatal Mortality | |
| Labor | |
| Monitoring Labor | |
| Delivery | |
| Cesarean Section | |
| Abnormal Labor or Dystocia | |
| Pregnancy Complications | |
| The First Weeks of Life | p. 47 |
| The Fetus Before Birth | |
| The Birth Process | |
| Environmental Toxins | p. 61 |
| Toxicological and Epidemiological Issues | |
| Evidence for Developmental Neurotoxicity | |
| From Science to Policy | |
| Infections and the Fetus | p. 71 |
| Specific Pathogens | |
| Intrauterine Inflammation and Developmental Disabilities | |
| Birth Defects and Prenatal Diagnosis | p. 83 |
| Genetic Assessment | |
| Screening Evaluations During Pregnancy | |
| Prevention, Fetal Therapy, and Alternative Reproductive Choices | |
| Psychosocial Implications | |
| Newborn Screening: Opportunities for Prevention of Developmental Disabilities | p. 97 |
| What Is a Screening Test? | |
| Why Screen Newborns? | |
| How Is Newborn Screening Done? | |
| What Should Be Done When a Child has a Positive Newborn Screen? | |
| What Happens to Children with Confirmed Disease? | |
| What Is the Risk of Developmental Disability in Children with Confirmed Disease? | |
| How Can Screening Fail? | |
| The Past, Present, and Future of Newborn Screening | |
| Prenatal Screening | |
| Premature and Small-for-Dates Infants | p. 107 |
| Definitions of Prematurity and Low Birth Weight | |
| Incidence of Preterm Births | |
| Causes of Premature Birth | |
| Complications of Prematurity | |
| Medical and Developmental Care of Low Birth Weight Infants | |
| Survival of Low Birth Weight Infants | |
| Care After Discharge from the Hospital | |
| Early Intervention Programs | |
| Neurodevelopmental Outcome | |
| The Developing Child | |
| Nutrition and Children with Disabilities | p. 125 |
| Typical Growth During Childhood | |
| Nutritional Guidelines | |
| Nutritional Issues in Children with Disabilities | |
| Medical Nutritional Therapy | |
| Special Nutritional Concerns in Children with Disabilities | |
| Nutrition within Complementary and Alternative Medical Care | |
| Vision: Our Window to the World | p. 137 |
| Structure of the Eye | |
| Ocular Development | |
| Development of Visual Skills | |
| Function and Diseases of the Eye | |
| Refractive Errors in Children | |
| Vision Tests | |
| Blindness | |
| Hearing: Sounds and Silences | p. 157 |
| Defining Sound | |
| The Hearing System | |
| Defining Hearing Loss | |
| Causes of Hearing Loss | |
| Identification of Hearing Loss | |
| Intervention for Hearing Loss | |
| Outcome | |
| The Brain and Nervous System | p. 185 |
| The Brain and Spinal Cord | |
| The Peripheral Nervous System | |
| The Microscopic Architecture of the Brain | |
| Techniques for Evaluating the Nervous System | |
| Muscles, Bones, and Nerves | p. 203 |
| Components of the Musculoskeletal System | |
| Signs and Symptoms of Neuromuscular and Musculoskeletal Disorders | |
| Physical Examination of the Musculoskeletal System | |
| Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System | |
| Disorders of the Neuromuscular System | |
| Patterns in Development and Disability | p. 217 |
| What Is Development? | |
| Patterns in Development | |
| Defining Disability | |
| Patterns of Disability | |
| Disability Diagnoses versus Etiologic Diagnoses | |
| Developmental Disabilities | |
| Epidemiology of Developmental Disabilities | p. 231 |
| What Is Epidemiology? | |
| How Common Are Various Disabilities? | |
| Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability | p. 245 |
| Early Identification of Developmental Delay | |
| Defining Intellectual Disability | |
| Classification of Intellectual Disability | |
| Prevalence of Intellectual Disability | |
| Associated Impairments | |
| Medical Diagnostic Testing | |
| Psychological Testing | |
| Treatment Approaches | |
| Outcome | |
| Down Syndrome | p. 263 |
| Chromosomal Findings | |
| Prevalence | |
| Cause | |
| Early Identification | |
| Medical Complications in Down Syndrome | |
| Neurodevelopment and Behavior | |
| Evaluation and Treatment | |
| Intervention | |
| Outcome | |
| X-Linked Syndromes Causing Intellectual Disability | p. 275 |
| The Genetics of Fragile X Syndrome | |
| Clinical Features in Males | |
| Clinical Features in Females | |
| Fragile X Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorders | |
| Diagnosis of Fragile X Syndrome | |
| Medical Management | |
| Educational and Therapeutic Intervention Strategies | |
| Outcome | |
| Inborn Errors of Metabolism | p. 285 |
| Types of Inborn Errors of Metabolism | |
| Clinical Manifestations | |
| Mechanism of Brain Damage | |
| Associated Disabilities | |
| Diagnostic Testing | |
| Newborn Screening | |
| Therapeutic Approaches | |
| Outcome | |
| Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders in Children with Disabilities | p. 297 |
| Prevalence and Causes of Psychiatric Disorders Among Children with Developmental Disabilities | |
| Psychiatric Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence | |
| Evaluation | |
| Treatment | |
| Communication Disorders | p. 313 |
| Components of Communication | |
| Typical Development of Speech and Language | |
| Communication Disorders and Intervention Approaches | |
| Speech Disorders | |
| Language Disorders | |
| Intervention | |
| Autism Spectrum Disorders | p. 325 |
| Diagnostic Categories within the Autism Spectrum | |
| Diagnostic Features of Autism Spectrum Disorders | |
| Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders | |
| Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorders | |
| Associated Conditions | |
| Treatment Approaches | |
| Outcome | |
| Attention Deficits and Hyperactivity | p. 345 |
| Diagnosis and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Subtypes | |
| Clinical Presentation | |
| Common Coexisting Conditions | |
| Associated Impairments | |
| Causes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | |
| The Evaluation Process | |
| Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | |
| Treatment with Coexisting Conditions | |
| Multimodal Treatment | |
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies | |
| Outcome | |
| Specific Learning Disabilities | p. 367 |
| Defining Specific Learning Disabilities | |
| Response to Intervention | |
| Prevalence | |
| Specific Reading Disability | |
| Specific Mathematics Disability | |
| Impairments Associated with Specific Learning Disabilities | |
| Health Problems Simulating Specific Learning Disabilities | |
| Assessment Procedures | |
| Intervention Strategies | |
| Outcome | |
| Cerebral Palsy | p. 387 |
| What Is Cerebral Palsy? | |
| What Causes Cerebral Palsy? | |
| How Is Cerebral Palsy Diagnosed? | |
| What Other Impairments Are Associated with Cerebral Palsy? | |
| What Can Be Done to Help Children with Cerebral Palsy? | |
| Outcome | |
| Movement Disorders | p. 409 |
| Definition and Classification of Movement Disorders | |
| Paroxysmal Movement Disorders | |
| Disorders Associated with Specific Movement Abnormalities | |
| Normal Movements Often Mistakenly Considered Abnormal | |
| Neural Tube Defects | p. 419 |
| Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects | |
| The Origin of Neural Tube Defects | |
| Prevention of Neural Tube Defects Using Folic Acid Supplementation | |
| Prenatal Diagnosis | |
| Treatment of Meningomyelocele in the Newborn Period | |
| Primary Neurological Impairments in Children with Meningomyelocele | |
| Associated Impairments and Medical Complications | |
| Educational Programs | |
| Psychosocial Issues for the Child | |
| Interdisciplinary Management | |
| Outcome | |
| Epilepsy | p. 439 |
| Epilepsy Definitions, Causes, and Consequences | |
| Classification of Epilepsy and Epilepsy Syndromes | |
| Diagnosis and Evaluation of Seizure Disorders | |
| Treatment of Epilepsy | |
| Multidisciplinary Needs and Intervention | |
| Outcome | |
| Traumatic Brain Injury | p. 461 |
| Incidence of Head Injuries | |
| Causes of Traumatic Brain Injury | |
| Types of Brain Injuries | |
| Inflicted Brain Injury | |
| Detecting Significant Brain Injury | |
| Severity of Brain Injury | |
| Treatment | |
| Outcome | |
| Prevention | |
| Interventions, Families, and Outcomes | |
| Feeding | p. 479 |
| The Feeding Process | |
| Feeding and the Influence of Medical Conditions | |
| Feeding and the Influence of Tone, Posture, and Development | |
| Feeding Problems in Children with Disabilities | |
| Evaluation of a Feeding Problem | |
| Managing Feeding Problems | |
| Dental Care: Promoting Health and Preventing Disease | p. 499 |
| Formation and Emergence of Teeth | |
| Problems Affecting the Development of Teeth | |
| Oral Diseases | |
| Malocclusion | |
| Dental Trauma | |
| Prevention of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease | |
| Providing Dental and Orthodontic Treatment | |
| Dental Care for Children with Developmental Disabilities | |
| Early Intervention | p. 511 |
| Disability-Related Developmental Science | |
| An Investment in Effectiveness | |
| Structural Components of the Early Intervention System | |
| Transition from Early Intervention to Preschool Services | |
| Status of Early Intervention Services | |
| Directions for the Future: Principles of Early Intervention | |
| Special Education Services | p. 523 |
| Legislation that Defines Disability | |
| Nondiscriminatory Assessment and Eligibility | |
| Services Provided by Special Education Teachers | |
| Related Services | |
| The Individualized Education Progam | |
| Federal Funding of Special Education Services | |
| Establishment of the Least Restrictive Environment | |
| Role of the Special Education Teacher in the General Curriculum | |
| Participation in State- and Districtwide Assessments | |
| Procedural Safeguards: Due Process | |
| The School-Parent Connection | |
| Outcome | |
| Behavioral Principles, Assessment, and Therapy | p. 539 |
| Operant Learning Principles and Practices | |
| From Basic Principle to Application | |
| Common Behavior Problems | |
| Severe Problem Behaviors | |
| Behavioral Assessment of Problem Behaviors | |
| Functional Assessment and Treatment Development | |
| Practical Strategies for the Classroom | |
| Behavioral Teaching Strategies | |
| Behavioral Instruction Programs | |
| Technological Assistance | p. 557 |
| Technology for Medical Assistance | |
| Technology for Physical Disabilities | |
| Technology for Sensory Impairments | |
| Technology for Communication Disabilities | |
| Technology for Cognitive and Learning Disabilities | |
| Assessment for Assistive Technology | |
| Effects of Assistive Technology on the Family and Community | |
| Funding Issues | |
| Advocacy Information | |
| Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy | p. 571 |
| Contemporary Issues in Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy | |
| Guidelines for Referral | |
| Assessment and Planning for Intervention | |
| Therapy in Early Intervention Programs | |
| Therapy in Educational Settings | |
| Selected Approaches to Intervention | |
| Outcomes of Therapy | |
| Exercise, Sports, and Recreation | p. 581 |
| Physical Activity in Children with Disabilities | |
| Inclusion of the Child with Disabilities in Exercise and Sports Programs in School | |
| Community Sports Programs | |
| The Preparticipation Examination | |
| Sport Injuries in the Athlete with Disabilities | |
| Nonphysical Recreation | |
| Ethical Dilemmas | p. 591 |
| The Vocabulary of Ethics | |
| Ethics and the Law | |
| Pediatric Ethics | |
| Ethics Consultation and Ethics Committees | |
| Research Involving Children with Disabilities | |
| Social Justice | |
| Caring and Coping: Helping the Family of a Child with a Disability | p. 601 |
| How Families Cope with the Diagnosis | |
| Long-Term Effects on the Parents | |
| Effects on Siblings | |
| Effects on the Extended Family | |
| Effects on the Child with a Disability | |
| Principles of Family-Centered Care: Role of the Professional | |
| The Role of Society and Community | |
| Future Expectations: Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood | p. 613 |
| General Principles of Transition | |
| Moving Toward Independence: Self-Determination | |
| Moving from School to Work | |
| Moving from Home into the Community | |
| Moving from Pediatric- to Adult-Oriented Health Care | |
| Health Care Delivery Systems and Financing Issues | p. 623 |
| Problems in Arranging Coordination of Care | |
| The Concept of a Medical Home | |
| The Health Care Environment and Financing | |
| Looking Toward the Future | |
| Glossary | p. 635 |
| Syndromes and Inborn Errors of Metabolism | p. 663 |
| Commonly Used Medications | p. 699 |
| Childhood Disabilities Resources, Services, and Organizations | p. 719 |
| Cognitive Testing and Screening Testing | p. 745 |
| Index | p. 749 |
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