Cisco Networking Essentials

Cisco Networking Essentials, 2^nd Edition provides the latest for those beginning a career in networking. This book provides the fundamentals of networking and leads you through the concepts, processes, and skills you need to master fundamental networking concepts. Thinking of taking the CCENT Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician ICND1 Exam 100-101? This book has you covered! With coverage of important topics and objectives, each chapter outlines main points and provides clear, engaging discussion that will give you a sound understanding of core topics and concepts. End-of-chapter review questions and suggested labs help reinforce what you've learned, and show you where you may need to backtrack and brush up before exam day.

Cisco is the worldwide leader in networking products and services, which are used by a majority of the world's companies. This book gives you the skills and understanding you need to administer these networks, for a skillset that will serve you anywhere around the globe.

• Understand fundamental networking concepts
• Learn your way around Cisco products and services
• Gain the skills you need to administer Cisco routers and switches
• Prepare thoroughly for the CCENT exam

If you're interested in becoming in-demand, network administration is the way to go; if you want to develop the skillset every company wants to hire, Cisco Networking Essentials, 2^nd Edition gets you started working with the most widespread name in the business.

About the Author

Troy McMillan holds more than 30 IT certifications, including CCNA and CCNP. As a Product Developer and Technical Editor for Kaplan IT, Troy provides tools to help individuals prepare for technology certifications. As a full-time trainer, he teaches Cisco, Microsoft, CompTIA, and wireless classes, helping organizations train their technology personnel.

Introduction xxiii

Chapter 1 Networks 1

Describing Network Components 1

Defining the Benefits of Networks 2

Identifying the Requirements for a Network 5

Classifying Networks by Function 8

Understanding LANs 9

Understanding WANs 10

Defining Network Architectures 10

Understanding Peer-to-Peer Networks 11

Understanding Client-Server Networks 14

The Essentials and Beyond 17

Chapter 2 The OSI Model 19

Using Reference Models 19

Understanding the Benefits of Reference 21

Exploring Reference Model Examples 21

Introducing the Layers of the OSI Model 22

Understanding the Application Layer 23

Understanding the Presentation Layer 24

Understanding the Session Layer 26

Understanding the Transport Layer 26

Understanding the Network Layer 30

Understanding the Data-Link Layer 31

Understanding the Physical Layer 33

Describing the OSI Encapsulation Process 33

Identifying the Process on the Source Device 34

Identifying the Process on the Destination Device 35

The Essentials and Beyond 36

Chapter 3 TCP/IP 39

Understanding the TCP/IP Model 40

Exploring the Four Layers 41

Comparing the OSI and TCP/IP Models 44

Describing the TCP/IP Encapsulation Process 46

Understanding Data and PDUs 46

Describing the Contents of Data 47

Describing the Contents of Segments 47

Describing the Contents of Packets 47

Describing the Contents of Frames 47

Understanding the Conversion to Bits 48

Describing the Functions at the Transport Layer 50

Understanding TCP 50

Understanding UDP 51

Describing the Functions at the Internet Layer 52

Defining Logical Addressing 53

Performing Routing 54

Accomplishing Packet Forwarding 54

Describing the Functions of ARP 55

Illustrating the ARP Broadcast 55

Describing the Logic of MAC-to-IP-Address Conversion 57

The Essentials and Beyond 59

Chapter 4 Protocols 63

Understanding the Function of Protocols 64

Defining Routed Protocols 64

Defining Routing Protocols 64

Exploring Application Layer Protocols 65

Describing FTP 65

Describing TFTP 67

Describing SMTP 67

Describing DNS 69

Describing SNMP70

Exploring Transport Layer Protocols 72

Reviewing TCP 72

Reviewing UDP76

Exploring Internet Layer Protocols 77

Describing IP 77

Describing ARP 79

Describing ICMP 80

Describing IGMP 82

Exploring Network Access Layer Protocols 83

Defining Network Access Layer Protocols on the LAN 84

Defining Network Access Layer Protocols on the WAN 85

The Essentials and Beyond 86

Chapter 5 Physical and Logical Topologies 91

Designing the Physical Topology 91

Implementing a Bus Topology 92

Implementing a Ring Topology 93

Implementing a Star Topology 94

Implementing a Mesh Topology 96

Implementing a Hybrid Topology 97

Implementing a Point-to-Point Topology 98

Implementing a Point-to-Multipoint Topology 100

Designing the Logical Topology 101

Understanding the Token Ring Topology 101

Understanding the FDDI Ring Topology 102

Understanding the Star Topology 103

The Essentials and Beyond 105

Chapter 6 Numbering Systems 109

Exploring Binary Numbering 109

Understanding the Base-2 Numbering System 110

Understanding the Relationship between Binary and Computers 112

Exploring Hexadecimal Numbering 114

Understanding the Base-16 Numbering System 114

Identifying MAC Addresses 116

Applying Conversions 118

Decimal-to-Binary Conversion 118

Hex-to-Decimal Conversion 121

Binary-to-Hex Conversion 123

The Essentials and Beyond 124

Chapter 7 Classful IP Addressing 129

Describing the Function of IP Addresses 129

Identification 130

Segmentation 131

Identifying IP Address Types 132

Defining IP Address Classes 133

Identifying Network and Host Addresses 135

Describing Private IP Addresses and NAT 138

Utilizing Diagnostic Tools 139

Executing the ipconfig Command 141

Executing the ping Command 141

Executing the arp Command 142

Executing the traceroute Command 143

Understanding DHCP 143

Operations 143

Cisco DHCP 145

Introducing IPv6 146

IPv6 Address Format 146

IPv6 Address Types 147

Special IPv6 Addresses 148

The Essentials and Beyond 148

Chapter 8 Classless IP Addressing 153

Understanding the Limitations of Classful Networking 153

Exhaustion of the Class B Network Address Space 154

Unmanageable Routing Tables 154

Exhaustion of the 32-Bit IPv4 Address Space 155

Understanding the Benefi ts of Subnetting 155

Identifying Sources of Network Congestion 156

Deploying Subnetting as a Segmentation Tool 157

Describing the Components of CIDR 158

Introducing Classless Subnetting 158

Designing and Implementing CIDR 160

Understanding VLSM167

Summarization 171

The Essentials and Beyond 172

Chapter 9 Media 175

Selecting the Proper Media Type 175

Bandwidth 176

Security 176

Convenience 180

Cost 180

Understanding Cabling 181

Describing Cable Behavior and Characteristics 181

Describing Physical Implementations 183

Choosing the Correct Wiring Standard 187

Describing Wireless Standards191

Identifying Standards Bodies 191

Understanding 802.11 Amendments 192

Understanding Wireless LAN Components and Terminology 193

Describing CSMA/CA Operation 196

The Essentials and Beyond 198

Chapter 10 Network Devices 201

Describing Device Functions 201

Understanding Repeaters 202

Understanding Hubs 202

Understanding Bridges 203

Understanding Switches 205

Understanding Routers 209

Understanding Wireless Access Points and Wireless Routers 214

Understanding Device Placement Principles 216

Defining Broadcast Domains 216

Defining Collision Domains 217

Understanding the Cisco Three-Layer Model 220

The Essentials and Beyond 221

Chapter 11 LAN Operations 225

Understanding the Routing Process 225

Describing Routing Tables 226

Understanding Population Methods 229

Understanding Administrative Distance 231

Using Routing Protocols 234

Describing the Switching Process 243

Reviewing MAC and IP Addresses 243

Reviewing Contention Methods 244

Describing MAC Address Tables 246

Understanding Frame Forwarding 246

Describing End-to-End Communications 247

Understanding the Local LAN Process 248

Understanding the Remote Communication Process 249

The Essentials and Beyond 250

Chapter 12 Managing the Cisco IOS 253

Describing Components 253

Defining the Contents of RAM 254

Defining the Contents of NVRAM 255

Defining the Contents of Flash 255

Defining the Contents of ROM 256

Describing IOS Navigation 258

Connecting to the Device 258

Accessing User, Privileged, and Global Configuration Modes 262

Understanding and Managing the Boot Process 266

Understanding the Boot Process 267

Managing the IOS 270

Understanding Configuration Files 271

Managing the Configuration Register 272

The Essentials and Beyond 276

Chapter 13 Configuring Routers 281

Cabling the Router 281

Cabling Router to Router 284

Cabling Router to Switch 287

Cabling PC to Router 288

Cabling Router to CSU/DSU 290

Creating a Console Session 292

Connecting with the Console Cable 292

Connecting Through the USB Port 293

Connecting Through Telnet 294

Handling Initial Setup 295

Configuring Passwords 295

Interpreting Prompts 295

Configuring Privileged (Enable) Passwords 296

Configuring Enable Secret Passwords 297

Configuring Line Passwords 297

Configuring Interfaces 299

Accessing Interface Mode 299

Assigning an IP Address 300

Enabling the Interface 301

Verifying the Interface 301

Configuring a Router as a DHCP Server 303

Configuring WAN Interfaces 306

Saving Configuration Changes 308

The Essentials and Beyond 309

Chapter 14 Configuring Switches 315

Cabling the Switch 315

Cabling Switch to Switch 316

Cabling Router to Switch 317

Cabling Hosts to Switch 318

Creating a Session with the Switch 318

Creating a Session with the Console Cable 318

Creating a Session Through Telnet 320

Configuring Passwords321

Configuring Privileged (Enable) Passwords 321

Configuring Enable Secret Passwords 322

Configuring Line Passwords 322

Using the service password-encryption Command 322

Configuring Interfaces 323

Accessing Switchports and Using Switchport Mode323

Enabling the Port 324

Verifying the Port324

Understanding Advanced Switch Functions 325

Understanding VLANs 325

Configuring VLANs 325

Assigning Ports to VLANs 326

Understanding Trunk Ports 327

Configuring Trunk Links 328

Describing STP 328

Understanding Port Security 332

Limiting MAC Addresses 332

Implementing Sticky Mac 333

The Essentials and Beyond 333

Chapter 15 Configuring Static Routing 337

Populating the Routing Table 338

Using the ip route Command 338

Verifying the Route Table 340

Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing 341

Creating a Trunk Link with Encapsulation 342

Creating and Configuring Subinterfaces 343

Troubleshooting VLANs 345

Troubleshooting Trunk Links 346

Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Routing 347

The Essentials and Beyond 348

Chapter 16 Configuring Dynamic Routing 353

Understanding Routing Protocols 353

Exploring RIP355

Exploring EIGRP 357

Exploring OSPF 358

Configuring Routing Protocols 358

Enabling a Routing Protocol and Accessing Router Mode 359

Defining the Interfaces on Which the Protocol Is Operational 360

Verifying the Routing Table 361

The Essentials and Beyond 367

Chapter 17 Device Security 371

Understanding Access Lists 371

Understanding Standard Access Lists 373

Understanding Extended Access Lists 373

Configuring Numbered Access Lists 374

Configuring Named Access Lists 376

Editing Access Lists Using Sequence Numbers 377

Understanding Network Address Translation (NAT) 378

Implementing Static NAT, Dynamic NAT, and PAT 380

Configuring a Switch or Router as an NTP Client or Server 383

Implementing and Requiring SSH 384

Limiting Remote Access with ACLs 387

The Essentials and Beyond 388

Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 393

Appendix B CCNA Essentials: Ancillary Exercises 407

Index 437

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