Cities for Children

Drawing on a vast wealth of real-life examples from the commercial world, this lively business book seeks out the appropriate limits to transparency. From commercial confidentiality and the ethics of marketing to lobbying and corporate corruption, the aut

Acknowledgements

vii

Introduction

ix

Part One Understanding Children's Rights and Development

The Convention on the Rights of the Child

4

(14)

A brief history of the Convention on the Rights of the Child

5

(1)

The provisions of the Convention

6

(4)

Some questions raised by the Convention

10

(5)

The obligations created by the Convention for local and urban government

15

(3)

Children's Development

18

(18)

The significance of supportive environments for children's development

19

(7)

The developmental experience and requirements of children at different ages

26

(6)

Children who face special developmental challenges

32

(4)

Stable Families

36

(24)

Changing social realities

37

(4)

Adequate and secure housing

41

(6)

Basic municipal services

47

(5)

Other critical supports

52

(8)

Part Two Working for Urban Children's Rights

Prenatal and Birth Environments

60

(8)

The intrauterine environment of the child

61

(1)

Environments of childbirth

62

(4)

Follow-up after birth

66

(1)

The larger context

66

(2)

Housing for Children

68

(25)

The significance of the dwelling for children's development

69

(1)

Working towards homes that support children's rights

70

(17)

Residential care for children

87

(6)

Community Health

93

(28)

The health problems of the urban poor

94

(2)

Assessment and analysis

96

(1)

Creating healthy and livable neighbourhoods

96

(4)

The provision of comprehensive, integrated health services

100

(11)

Adequate nutrition for all

111

(4)

Health care education

115

(2)

The special needs of adolescents and older children

117

(4)

Neighbourhoods for Children

121

(31)

How supportive communities affect children's development

122

(2)

Community insecurity and social fears

124

(9)

Responding to traffic

133

(1)

Opportunities for play and recreation

134

(8)

Children's positive involvement in the community

142

(9)

Moving beyond the local community

151

(1)

Child Care

152

(12)

The role of local authorities

153

(4)

Some models for child care provision and support for early child development

157

(7)

Schools

164

(24)

The role of local authorities in fostering school-community links

165

(2)

Making education truly universal

167

(3)

Education that promotes children's rights

170

(5)

Schools and health

175

(2)

The Physical Environment of schools

177

(5)

Access to information: libraries and resource centres

182

(1)

Teacher resource centres

183

(1)

Secondary schools

184

(2)

Non-formal education

186

(2)

Working children

188

(24)

The implications of work for children's development

189

(2)

The challenges facing local authorities and their partners

191

(1)

Creating a framework for action

192

(4)

Making constructive use of laws and regulations

196

(4)

Finding practical alternatives for children and their families

200

(6)

Supporting children in the workplace

206

(6)

Street-based Children

212

(13)

The responsibilities of local authorities and their partners

214

(2)

Supports for children and adolescents on the street

216

(9)

Juvenile Justice

225

(11)

The role of local authorities

226

(1)

Common violations of the rights of children in conflict with the law

226

(2)

Some basic principles and models for action

228

(8)

Part Three Governance for Children's Rights

The Context of Local Government

236

(12)

The relationship of local government to community governance

237

(2)

The relationship of local government to the national level

239

(1)

The global context

240

(4)

The challenges facing local governments

244

(4)

Practical Implications for Local Government

248

(25)

Institutionalizing the Convention for sustained action

249

(2)

Raising awareness of children and their rights at every level

251

(2)

Improving the quality of information and communication

253

(3)

Effective government structures and processes

256

(5)

Supporting community action and building citizenship

261

(6)

Monitoring, evaluation and enforcement

267

(2)

Working with other municipalities to affect national policy

269

(2)

Participatory democracy - the basis for children's rights

271

(2)

Resources

273

(13)

Bibliography

286

(12)

Index

298

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