The Classical Heritage in Islam

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ISBN: 9780415076937 | 0415076935
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 9/2/1994

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The works and ideas of classical antiquity had an enormous influence on Islam, not only in its philosophy, science and medicine but also in its religious disciplines.The Classical Heritage in Islampresents a collection of texts which reveal the extent and character of Muslim acquaintance with Hellenistic civilization and demonstrate the ways that Greek heritage influenced later Muslim thought.

Preface

A Note on the English Translation

xix

Transliteration Scheme

xix

Introduction

Historical and Ideological Motives

(4)

The Translators

(4)

What Was Translated?

(3)

The Historical Significance of the Muslim Adoption of the Classical Heritage

(5)

I. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE AND TEXTUAL CRITICISM

The two methods of translation

(1)

As-Safadi, Ghaith

(1)

Moshe b. Ezra, Muhadarah

(1)

Poems are untranslatable

(1)

Abu Sulaiman as-Sijistani, Siwan

(1)

Al-Jahiz, Hayawan

(1)

Arabic-Hebrew-Spanish

(1)

Moshe b. Ezra, Muhadarah

(1)

Technical terminology

(1)

Hunain to Galen, On Medical Terminology

(1)

Manuscripts and textual criticism

(1)

Hunain, The Syriac and Arabic Translations of Galen

(1)

Hunain, ibid

(1)

The translation of the Sophistic[i Elenchi]

(1)

Ibn an-Nadim, Fihrist

(1)

From the Parisian Aristotle manuscript

(6)

II. BIOGRAPHY AND CULTURAL HISTORY

Biographies of Greek scholars

(1)

Plato according to al-Mubashshir

(1)

Theophrastus according to Ibn an-Nadim

(1)

Ptolemy according to Ibn al-Qifti

(3)

Galen according to al-Mubashshir

(3)

Individuals having biographies in Abu Sulaiman as- Sijistani, Siwan

(2)

The history of scholarship among the Greeks

(1)

Sa id al-Andalusi, Tabaqat al-uman

(4)

Ibn an-Nadim, Fihrist

(1)

The nature of the Greeks

(1)

Polemo's Physiognomy

(1)

The greatness of the Greek achievement

(1)

Moshe b. Ezra, Muhadarah

(1)

A characterization of the Byzantines

(1)

Al-Jahiz, Akhbar

(1)

How the Arabs became acquainted with the Greek heritage

(1)

Ibn an-Nadim, Fihrist

(5)

Al-Farabi, according to Ibn Abi Usaibi ah

(4)

III. THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE SCIENCES AND METHODS OF RESEARCH AND TEACHING

The classification of the sciences

(1)

Al-Khuwarizmi, Mafatih al-ulum

(1)

Al-Farabi, Ihsa al-ulum

(1)

Rasa il Ikhwan as-safa

(3)

Ibn Hazm, Maratib al-ulum

(3)

Ibn Sina, Najah

(2)

Islam and the sciences

(1)

Abu 1-Hasan al- Amiri, I lam

(7)

The scientific method of research

(1)

Abu 1-Faraj Abdallah b. at-Tayyib, Commentary on the Categories

(2)

The Greek educational system

(1)

Hunain, Nawadir al-falasifah

(4)

IV. PHILOSOPHY

Logic

(1)

Analytica Priora 24a-b

(2)

The use of logic

(1)

Ibn Sina, Shifa

(3)

Taqi-ad-din as-Subki

(3)

Ethics

(2)

Eudaimonia as the goal of ethics

(1)

Abu 1-Hasan b. Abi Dharr, Sa adah

(1)

From Galen's ethics

(1)

Galen, Ethics

(9)

Excerpts from a general survey of ethics

(1)

Miskawaih, Tahdhib al-akhlaq

(9)

The nature of pleasure

103

(1)

Ar-Razi, On Pleasure

103

(3)

About Eros

106

(1)

As-Sarakhsi, Tathbit amr an-nujum

106

(2)

The kinds of slaves

108

(1)

Bryson, Oikonomikos

108

(1)

Professional ethics

108

(1)

Bryson, Oikonomikos

108

(1)

Plato on politics

109

(1)

Al-Farabi, Compendium Legum Platonis

109

(2)

Abu 1-Hasan b. Abi Dharr, Sa adah

111

(1)

Aristotle on the forms of government

112

(1)

Nicomachean Ethics 1160a 31-1161a 4

112

(2)

The Islamic ideal state

114

(1)

Al-Farabi, Ara ahl al-madinah al-fadilah

114

(2)

Practical politics: warfare and fame

116

(1)

Aristotle to Alexander

116

(2)

Wise sayings

118

(1)

The Golden Words of Pythagoras

118

(2)

Sayings of the sages on Alexander's death, according to ath-Tha alibi

120

(4)

Sayings of various sages, according to al-Mubashshir

124

(22)

Metaphysics

144

(2)

The First Mover and the intellect

146

(1)

Alexander of Aphrodisias, The Principles of the Universe

146

(3)

Ibn Rushd's commentary on Metaphysics 1073a 3-10

149

(2)

The First Cause

151

(1)

Liber de causis (Proclus)

151

(3)

The soul's vision of the divine world

154

(1)

The Theology of Aristotle (Plotinus)

154

(2)

Divine Providence

156

(1)

Abd-al-Latif al-Baghdadi, Metaphysics

156

(7)

V. NATURAL SCIENCE

The subject of natural science

163

(1)

Abu 1-Barakat Hibatallah al-Baghdadi, Mu tabar

163

(1)

The problem of movement

164

(1)

Abu 1-Barakat, Mu tabar

164

(8)

Views on the vacuum

172

(1)

Abu 1-Barakat, Mu tabar

172

(4)

Problems of meteorology

176

(1)

Meteorological fragments of Theophrastus

176

(7)

VI. MEDICINE

Medical ethics

183

(1)

The Hippocratic Oath

183

(1)

The medical Nomos of Hippocrates

184

(1)

The `Testament' of Hippocrates

185

(1)

Ibn Hindu's explanation of the first aphorism

186

(1)

Humoral pathology

187

(1)

Ali b. Rabban at-Tabari, Firdaus al-hikmah

187

(1)

The foundation of medical knowledge: Theory or empiricism?

187

(1)

Galen, On Medical Experience

187

(5)

Anatomy

192

(1)

Galen, Anatomy

192

(2)

Pharmacology

194

(1)

The translation of Dioscurides, according to Ibn Juljul

194

(3)

Dioscurides, I, 2

197

(1)

Some fragments of Rufus of Ephesus

197

(1)

From the Hawi (Continens) of ar-Razi

197

(7)

Veterinary medicine

204

(1)

Theomnestus, Hippiatrics

204

(2)

VII. GEOMETRY, ARITHMETIC AND OPTICS

In explanation of Euclid's Geometry

206

(1)

From the commentary of an-Nairizi

206

(4)

Even and odd numbers

210

(1)

Nicomachus of Gerasa, Arithmetike Eisagoge

210

(1)

The theory of vision

211

(1)

At-Tusi's recension of Euclid's Optics

211

(3)

VIII. GEOGRAPHY AND ASTRONOMY

Ptolemy's Geography rearranged

214

(1)

Al-Khuwarizmi, Surat al-ard

214

(1)

The measurement of the circumference of the earth under al-Ma mun

215

(1)

Al-Biruni, Tahdid nihayat al-amakin

215

(1)

The earth does not move

216

(1)

Al-Kindi, Fi as-sina ah al-uzma (Ptolemy)

216

(8)

IX. MUSICOLOGY

On the history of musicology and on music appreciation

224

(1)

Fragments of as-Sarakhsi

224

(4)

The ethical power of music

228

(1)

Al-Kindi, according to Ishaq b. Imran, On Melancholy

228

(1)

Greek musical instruments

228

(1)

Al-Khuwarizmi, Mafatih al-ulum

228

(1)

Al-Kindi, al-Musauwitat al-watariyah

229

(2)

X. MECHANICS

The balance of Archimedes

231

(1)

Jabir, Kitab al-Bahth

231

(1)

A lion spitting water or wine

232

(1)

Philo of Byzantium, Pneumatics

232

(2)

A whistling waterwheel

234

(1)

Philo of Byzantium, Pneumatics

234

(1)

The hydraulic organ

235

(1)

Muristus

235

(5)

XI. THE OCCULT SCIENCES

From the astrological `Pentateuchos' of Dorotheus

240

(1)

Dorotheus of Sidon

240

(3)

The influence of the stars on the character of the Eastern peoples

243

(1)

Ali b. Ridwan, Commentary on the Tetrabiblos

243

(3)

The introduction of the `Secret of Creation'

246

(1)

Balinus, Sirr-al-khaliqah

246

(1)

The Tabula Smaragdina

247

(1)

Balinus, Sirr-al-khaliqah

247

(1)

The Book of the Monk

248

(1)

Jabir, Kitab ar-Rahib

248

(3)

Polemo on physiognomy

251

(1)

Polemo, Physiognomy

251

(3)

Physiognomist and philosopher

254

(1)

The Zopyrus anecdote, according to Ibn Juljul's History of Physicians

254

(2)

XII. LITERATURE AND ART

Legendary themes

256

(1)

`The Trojan Horse', according to Abu Abdallah al-Khatib

256

(2)

`The Cranes of Ibycus', according to Abu Hayyan at-Tauhidi

258

(1)

`The Golden Egg', according to ath-Tha `alibi

259

(1)

`The Hostage', according to Abu 1-Hasan b. Abi Dharr

260

(1)

Greek wisdom in Arabic verses

261

(1)

From the Risalah al-Hatimiyah

261

(2)

Classical jokes

263

(1)

Zosimus, according to al-Jahiz, Hayawan

263

(1)

Stratonicus, according to Ibn Hindu, al-Kalim ar-ruhaniyah

264

(1)

The ruins of Palmyra

265

(1)

As-Silafi, Mu jam

265

(1)

Painting in baths

265

(1)

Al-Ghuzuli, Matah al-budur

265

(2)

Notes

267

(14)

Index

281

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The Classical Heritage in Islam

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