Cockpit Displays: Test and Evaluation

A user's review of the design rationales, test philosophy and procedures of cockpit systems; emphasizing displays, flight management systems and mission computers, military and civil, for engineers, procurement executives and program managers.

Kevin W. Greeley is a Senior Staff Engineer with Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems, Marietta, GA.

List of Figures

viii

List of Tables

ix

Acknowledgments

x

Abbreviations

xi

Introduction

1

(3)

The Need for Integrating Design and Test and Evaluation Essential Features of a Test and Evaluation Philosophy Statement of the Problem

Lessons Learned

4

(8)

Cockpit Automation

Cockpit Displays

Fly-By-Wire

Other Systems

Restatement of the Problem

A Review of Cockpit Design Guides

12

(10)

Previous Design Documents

Why Don't Design Guides Work?

Characteristics of Good Design Teams

The Cockpit Design Process

22

(12)

Requirements Definition

Design

Engineering Analysis

Test and Evaluation

Documentation and Certification

Similarity

Requirements

34

(13)

Military Airworthiness Requirements

Civil Airworthness Requirements

Software Considerations

Customer Specifications

Test Sequence Leading to Airworthiness

47

(6)

Supporting Analyses

Software Releases

Ground Tests

Simulator Evaluations

Pre-Flight Release

Flight Tests

Final Airworthiness Release

Situation Awareness

53

(24)

What is Situation Awareness?

Loss of Situation Awareness

Spatial Disorientation

Excessive Workload

Techniques for Measuring Situation Awareness

Techniques for Measuring Workload

Summary

Flight Test

77

(16)

Test Matrix

Evaluation Tasks

Choice of Visual Conditions

Simulation versus Flight Test

Test Sequence

Configuration Control

Test Techniques for Flight Displays and Equipment

93

(21)

Rating Scales

Choice of Pilots

Testing in Reduced Visibility

Data Considerations

Sample Flight Tests

Initial and Collateral Tests

114

(38)

Laboratory Tests

Ground Tests

Flight Tests

Display Dynamic Response

Collateral Tests

Rotary-Wing Mission Task Elements

152

(33)

Aggressive Mission Task Elements

Precise Mission Task Elements

Fixed-Wing Mission Task Elements

185

(24)

Aggressive Mission Task Elements

Precise Mission Task Elements

Mission or Operational Test and Evaluation

209

(10)

Military and Civil Aircraft

Military Aircraft

Situation Awareness Testing

219

(11)

Direct Evaluations

Embedded Evaluations

Collateral Evaluations

Strawman Test Schedules

230

(19)

Advanced Scout Helicopter

Single-Engine Fighter

HUD-Equipped Transport

Glass Cockpit Transport

Summary

249

(4)

Standardization

Recommendations

Definitions

253

(5)

References

258

(12)

Index

270

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Cockpit Displays: Test and Evaluation

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials