Collagen-Derived Materials Synthesis and Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

>Collagen-Derived Materials

Comprehensive Resource for Current Ideas and Strategies for the Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Collagen-Derived Materials

This book presents and summarizes new synthetic strategies and multi-functional applications of collagen-derived materials in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Through easily-comprehensible illustrations and images, the book presents basic knowledge for collagen-derived materials (including gelatin and collagen-derived carbons) and their typical synthesis and applications, thus enabling students and new researchers to obtain a thorough understanding of different materials and corresponding application areas.

This book also serves as an important reference book for scientists and engineers in different research fields. It presents the up-to-date ideas and strategies for the synthesis and characterization of advanced collagen-derived materials, as well as multi-functional applications (especially in energy-related areas). Sample topics covered within the book include:

• Structural compositions, properties, and extraction of collagen and gelatin
• Precursors, structural compositions, and synthesis of collagen-derived carbons
• Applications of collagen-derived materials in electrochemical energy storage and conversion
• Applications of collagen-derived materials as electrode and supporting materials in the electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems, including capacitors, batteries, and electrocatalysts
• Challenges and opportunities for the design and synthesis of different collagen-derived materials

For electrochemists, materials scientists, chemical engineers and students in related programs of study who are interested in the topic of collagen-derived materials, Collagen-Derived Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion serves as an important resource for gaining a holistic understanding of the field and learning about the state of the art based on promising energy-related applications.

Feng Wang is Professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), China. He is now the Vice President of BUCT and the Director of Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials. He received his PhD from Tokyo Metropolitan University in March 2003. His expertise covers electrocatalytic materials, energy storage materials, nanocarbon materials, and applied electrochemical engineering.

Yaqin Huang is Professor in the College of Materials Science and Engineering at BUCT. She is now the Director of National Light Industry Gelatin Products Quality Supervision and Testing Center and the Executive Director of China Daily Chemical Industry Association Gelatin Branch.

Jin Niu is Associate Professor at BUCT. He received his Ph.D. degree from BUCT under the supervision of Prof. Feng Wang in 2018. His research interests mainly focus on the synthesis and energy applications of collagen-derived materials and carbon-based materials.

Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Electrochemical energy storage and conversion
1.2 Materials for use in electrochemical energy storage and conversion
1.3 Collagen and collagen-derived materials

Chapter 2. Collagen
2.1 History of collagen
2.2 Structure and composition of collagen
2.2.1 Trible-helical structure
2.2.2 Amino acids
2.3 Collagen-enriched biomass
2.3.1 Bone
2.3.2 Skin
2.3.3 Tissues of terrestrial animals
2.3.4 Tissues of aquatic animals
2.4 Collagen with different types
2.4.1 Types and distributions
2.4.2 Functions and characterization

Chapter 3. Synthesis and applications of collagen
3.1 Biosynthesis of collagen
3.1.1 Formation of Pro-a-chains
3.1.2 Hydroxylation and glycosylation
3.1.3 Assembly to triple-helix structure
3.1.4 Cleavage of procollagen molecules
3.1.5 Formation of collagen fibrils
3.1.6 Crosslinking to collagen fibers
3.2 Extraction of collagen
3.2.1 Acid-treatment method
3.2.2 Salt-fraction method
3.2.3 Enzymatic method
3.2.4 Post treatment
3.3 Applications of collagen

Chapter 4. Gelatin
4.1 History of gelatin
4.2 Structures and compositions
4.2.1 Molecular structures
4.2.2 Amino acids
4.3 Properties and characterization
4.3.1 Viscosity and adhesion
4.3.2 Amphoteric behavior and isoelectric point
4.3.3 Surface activity
4.3.4 Gel formation and strength
4.3.5 Rheology of gelatin solution

Chapter 5. Synthesis of gelatin
5.1 Extraction
5.1.1 Acid-treatment method
5.1.2 Salt-fraction method
5.1.3 Enzymatic method
5.1.4 Heat-pressure method
5.1.5 Post treatment
5.2 Modification
5.2.1 Physical modification
5.2.2 Chemical modification

Chapter 6. Applications of gelatin in electrochemical energy storage and conversion
6.1 As binders and modifying agents for electrodes
6.2 As modifying agents for separators
6.3 As modifying agents for electrolytes
6.4 As packing materials for devices
6.5 Other applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion

Chapter 7. Collagen-derived carbons
7.1 History of collagen-derived carbons
7.2 Carbonization mechanism of collagen-derived carbons
7.3 Structures and compositions of collagen-derived carbons
7.3.1 Morphologies
7.3.2 Porosities
7.3.3 Defects
7.3.4 Heteroatoms

Chapter 8. Synthesis of collagen-derived carbons
8.1 Conventional preparation methods
8.1.1 Templating method
8.1.2 Activation method
8.1.3 In-situ doping method
8.1.4 Post-doping method
8.2 Nature-inspired methods
8.2.1 Hydroxyapatite-induced self-activation method
8.2.2 Hydroxyapatite-KOH synergistic method
8.2.3 Metal hydroxide-assistant method
8.2.4 Metal chloride-assistant method
8.2.5 Metal oxysalt-assistant method

Chapter 9. Applications of collagen-derived carbons in electrochemical energy storage and conversion
9.1 As electrode materials for supercapacitors
9.2 As anode materials for alkali-ion batteries
9.3 As electrode materials for hybrid capacitors
9.4 As modifying agents for Li-S batteries
9.5 As support materials for hybrid electrocatalysts
9.6 As support materials for metal-nitrogen carbon electrocatalysts
9.7 As metal-free electrocatalysts
9.8 Other applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion

Chapter 10. Challenges and opportunities
10.1 Principles for material design
10.1.1 In-situ characterization and analysis
10.1.2 Theoretical calculation and simulation
10.1.3 Machine learning and modeling
10.2 Strategies for material synthesis
10.2.1 Green synthesis
10.2.2 Large-scale synthesis
10.3 Diversities for material applications
10.3.1 Capacitive desalination
10.3.2 Solar steam generation
10.3.3 Gas adsorption
10.3.4 Microwave adsorption
10.3.5 Photocatalysis
10.4 Inspirations for other materials and their applications