Color Atlas and Manual of Microscopy for Criminalists, Chemists, and Conservators

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ISBN: 9780849312458 | 0849312450
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/29/2003

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Although methods and techniques that will help solve various analytical problems do exist, they are often difficult to perform. Using polarized light microscopy as the method of choice, Color Atlas and Manual of Microscopy for Criminalists, Chemists, and Conservators offers swift, simple, yet irrefutable analytical tests and testing procedures that can be used to identify organic and inorganic particles. Seasoned forensic microscopists Nicholas Petraco and Thomas Kubic have lent their expertise as consultants to forensic scientists, analytical chemists, art historians, pathologists, customs agents, detectives, gemologists, numismatists, and art conservators. Now they share their extensive photomicrograph collection of minute specimens along with clear, concise, and simple methods to help solve your analytical problems.

Basic Light Microscopy	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Basic Parts of Compound Microscope with Emphasis on PLM	p. 3
Fundamental Compound Microscope Theory with Emphasis on PLM	p. 3
Fundamental Polarized Light Microscope Theory	p. 3
References	p. 6
Preliminary Examination, Stereomicroscopy, and Basic Sample Preparation	p. 21
Preliminary Examination and Stereomicroscopy	p. 21
Microscope Slides and Preparation	p. 21
Specimen Preparation	p. 22
Human Hair, Animal Hair, and Natural and Synthetic Fibers	p. 22
Particles, Glass, and Paint Chips	p. 22
References	p. 23
Basic Observations and Measurements with Polarized Light Microscopy	p. 37
Refractive Index and Relief	p. 37
Physical and Morphological Properties	p. 38
Micrometry	p. 38
Determining Optical Properties	p. 39
References	p. 39
Chemical Microscopy and Microtechnique	p. 49
Basic Methods and Techniques of Chemical Microscopy	p. 49
Solubility Testing	p. 49
Evaporation	p. 49
Decantation	p. 49
Sublimation	p. 49
Fusion	p. 50
Chamot and Mason Reagent Application Methods	p. 50
References	p. 50
Identification and Comparison of Human Hair	p. 57
Examination	p. 57
Somatic Origin	p. 57
Regional Origin	p. 57
Glossary of Hair Terms	p. 58
References	p. 59
Animal Hair Identification	p. 69
Macroscopic and Microscopic Examinations	p. 69
Macroscopic Examination	p. 69
Microscopic Examination	p. 69
Cuticle	p. 69
Medulla	p. 69
Cortex	p. 70
Color and Color Banding	p. 70
Shaft and Cross-Sectional Shapes	p. 70
Root Morphology	p. 70
Species Determination and Comparisons	p. 70
References	p. 70
Synthetic Fiber Identification	p. 77
Preliminary Examination Procedure	p. 77
Man-Made Natural and Synthetic Fibers	p. 77
References	p. 79
Natural Fiber Identification	p. 89
Preliminary Examination Procedure	p. 89
Identification of Natural Fibers	p. 89
References	p. 90
Natural Fiber Appendix	p. 100
Textile Examination	p. 109
Structures of Fibers	p. 109
Yarn Structures	p. 109
Fabric Structures	p. 110
Fabric Analysis	p. 110
Textile Glossary	p. 111
References	p. 112
Paint Examination	p. 123
Paint Use and Composition	p. 123
Paint Examination	p. 123
References	p. 125
Soil and Mineral Examination	p. 135
Method	p. 135
Initial Observation	p. 135
Color Matching	p. 136
Mounting in Melt Mount 1.539	p. 136
Mineral Identification	p. 136
Counting Procedure	p. 136
Discussion	p. 137
References	p. 137
Mineral Atlas	p. 144
Gemstone Identification	p. 151
Procedures for Characterizing and Identifying Gemstones	p. 151
Preliminary Examination	p. 151
Microscopic Examination	p. 151
Optical Examination	p. 151
Gemstone Identification	p. 152
References	p. 152
Dust Examination	p. 165
Composition of Dust Specimens	p. 165
Preliminary Examination	p. 165
Characterization of Human Hair	p. 166
Characterization of Animal Hair	p. 166
Characterization of Synthetic Fibers	p. 167
Characterization of Minerals, Glass, and Related Materials	p. 168
Dust Evaluation	p. 168
References	p. 168
Case Studies	p. 185
Introduction	p. 185
	p. 185
	p. 186
	p. 186
	p. 187
	p. 187
	p. 187
	p. 188
	p. 188
	p. 188
	p. 189
	p. 189
	p. 189
	p. 190
	p. 190
	p. 191
	p. 191
	p. 191
	p. 191
	p. 191
	p. 191
	p. 192
	p. 192
	p. 192
Conclusion	p. 192
Human Hair Atlas	p. 217
Cortex	p. 218
Medulla	p. 222
Cuticle	p. 223
Roots and Tips	p. 225
Somatic Origin	p. 227
Region of Origin	p. 231
Treated Hair	p. 232
Damage and Artifacts	p. 233
Diseases and Conditions	p. 235
Contributors to Human Hair Atlas	p. 237
Animal Hair Atlas	p. 239
References	p. 239
Synthetic Fibers	p. 257
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Views	p. 258
PLM Appearance	p. 260
Becke Line Movement	p. 264
Fiber Treatment	p. 267
Fluorescence	p. 269
Pleochroism	p. 269
Miscellaneous Fibers	p. 270
Paints and Pigments	p. 273
Additional Sample Preparation Procedure	p. 273
Tests for Binders	p. 273
Waxes	p. 273
Drying Oils	p. 273
Animal Fats	p. 273
Oils and Fats	p. 273
Resins	p. 273
Proteins	p. 274
Gum Arabic	p. 274
Collagen and Gelatin	p. 274
Starches	p. 274
Cellulose	p. 274
Clays	p. 274
References	p. 274
Index	p. 303
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Color Atlas and Manual of Microscopy for Criminalists, Chemists, and Conservators

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